人教版英語必修四新素養(yǎng)講義Unit4Bodylanguage1SectionⅠWord版含答案

握手是人與人問候的基本禮儀，但方式不同，表達(dá)的意義也大不相同。TheSecretoftheSuccessfulHandshakeThesecretofthesuccessfulhandshakeisnosecretanymore.ManagementconsultantRobertE.Brownexplainswhatshakinghandsisallaboutinhisbook,TheArt,thePower,theMagic:HowtoReadHandsThatTalk.Forexample,todothe“All-AmericanHandshake”，youhavetolookintoanotherperson’seyes,holdhisorherwholehand,twoorthreetimes.AccordingtoBrown,thisisthehandshakeofagoodlistenerandtrustworthyperson.Politiciansandsalespeopleoftenusethe“Two-HandedHandshake”becauseit’sextra-friendly.Theyputtheirlefthandontheotherperson’sarmorshoulderastheyshakehands.Thiscanfeeltoofriendlytosomepeople,soit’sbesttouseitwithgoodfriends.Watchoutforpeoplewithhandshakesthatpullyourfingers,ortwist(扭轉(zhuǎn))yourhand.Ifyougetoneofthesehandshakes,thepersonistryingtointimidate(恐嚇)you.Twomoreunfortablehandshakesarethe“PalmPinch”andthe“DeadFish”.APalmPinchershakesyourhandwithonlyafewfingers.IntheDeadFishhandshake,theperson’shandslidesoutofthehandshake.It’spossiblethatthepeoplewiththesehandshakesareembarrassed(尷尬的)orshy.Shakinghandsisanimportantpartofbodylanguage.Itcanidentifysomeoneastruthful,friendly,powerful,ornervous.It’shardtobesuccessfulwithoutknowingaboutagoodhandshakesuchastheAll-American.Ifthisisn’tyournaturalhandshake,don’tworry.MrBrownsaysthatyoucanchangeyourhandshakewithlotsofpractice.So,goonoutthereandstartshakinghands.Justthinkofallthepeopleyoucanmeet!SectionⅠWarmingUp&Reading—prehending重點(diǎn)單詞寫作詞匯1.dormitoryn. 宿舍2.canteenn. 食堂3.approachvt.&vi. 接近；靠近；走近n. 接近；方法；途徑4.cheekn. 面頰5.majoradj. 主要的6.adultn. 成人；成年人adj. 成人的；成熟的7.dashvi. 猛沖；突進(jìn)8.flight__n. 飛行；航班拓展詞匯9.likelyadj.可能的→unlikelyadj.不可能的10.statementn．陳述；說明→statev．陳述；說明11.greetvi.&vt.迎接；問候→greetingn．迎接；問候；招呼12.representvt.代表；象征→representationn．代表，代表團(tuán)；代理→representativeadj.代表性的n．代表，代理人13.associationn．社團(tuán)；聯(lián)系；聯(lián)想→associatev．把……聯(lián)系起來14.curiousadj.好奇的→curiouslyadv.好奇地→curiosityn．好奇心15.defendvt.保護(hù)；保衛(wèi)→defencen．防御；保衛(wèi)16.misunderstandvt.誤解；誤會(huì)→misunderstandingn．誤解；誤會(huì)閱讀詞匯17.simplyadv. 簡單地；只18.Muslimn．&adj. 穆斯林(的);__伊斯蘭教信徒(的)19.posturen. 姿勢(shì)；體態(tài)20.crossroadsn. 十字路口重點(diǎn)短語1.put__up 舉起；抬起2.in__defence 保衛(wèi)；防御3.kiss__sb.on__the__cheek 親吻某人的臉4.be__likely__to 很可能……；有希望……5.in__general 總的來說；通常6.defend...against 防御；保衛(wèi)……以免受重點(diǎn)句型1.thefirst/second/.../last＋名詞＋todo...：The__first__person__to__arrive(第一個(gè)到達(dá)的人)wasTonyGarciafromColombia,closelyfollowedbyJuliaSmithfromBritain.2.狀語從句的省略：Shesteppedbackappearingsurprisedandputupherhands,as__if__in__defence(好像是在自衛(wèi)).3.notall...表示部分否定：Not__all__cultures(并不是所有文化)greeteachotherthesameway,noraretheyfortableinthesamewaywithtouchingordistancebetweenpeople.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)Fast-readingSkimthetextanddothefollowingexercises.1．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．munication. B．Spokenlanguage.C．Bodylanguage. D．Differentcultures.答案：C2．Matchthemainideaofeachparagraph.Para.1A．Tosuggeststudyinginternationalcustoms.Paras.2－3B．TomeettheinternationalstudentsattheCapitalInternationalAirport.Para.4C．Tointroducethestudentstoeachotherandexplaintheirdifferentwaysofgreeting.Para.5D．Toexplaindifferentcultural“bodylanguage”insomecountries.答案：BCDAeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)Careful-readingReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．Inwhichofthefollowingcountriesdopeoplegreeteachotherinthesameway?A．ColombiaandBritain.B．SpainandItaly.C．FranceandJordan.D．ChinaandJapan.2．Howdoesthetextdevelop?A．Bygivingexamples. B．Bygivingdata.C．Bygivingdefinition. D．Bymakingparisons.3．What’sthepurposeofthesecondparagraph?A．Togiveexamplesofmistakestheinternationalstudentsmake.B．Togiveexamplesofculturaldifferencesinbodylanguage.C．Toshowhowsurprisedwearebytheirdifferentbehavior.D．Toshowhowimportantbodylanguageis.4．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Nevertoooldtolearn.B．WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.C．Foureyesseemorethantwo.D．Everycountryhasitsowncustoms.答案：1－4.BABBeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)Study-readingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．Theyshookhandsandthenkissedeachothertwiceoneachcheek,sincethatistheFrenchcustomwhenadultsmeetpeopletheyknow.eq\a\vs4\al()本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。句子的主語是They，since引導(dǎo)的是原因狀語從句，在從句中when引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語從句。[翻譯]兩個(gè)人握了握手，并且在對(duì)方的面頰上親吻了兩下。因?yàn)榉▏赡耆艘姷剿麄冋J(rèn)識(shí)的人時(shí)通常就是這么做的。2．Inthesamewaythatpeoplemunicatewithspokenlanguage,theyalsoexpresstheirfeelingsusingunspoken“l(fā)anguage”throughphysicaldistance,actionsorposture.eq\a\vs4\al()本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。Inthesamewaythat...是句子的狀語，way是先行詞，關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的是定語從句。句子的主語是they；usingunspoken“l(fā)anguage”throughphysicaldistance,actionsorposture是現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。[翻譯]如同用口頭語言交流一樣，人們還使用無聲的語言——身體間的距離、動(dòng)作或姿勢(shì)，來表達(dá)他們的情感。3．Mostpeoplearoundtheworldnowgreeteachotherbyshakinghands,butsomeculturesuseothergreetingsaswell,suchastheJapanese,whoprefertobow.eq\a\vs4\al()本句是一個(gè)并列句，并列連詞but連接兩個(gè)分句。在第二個(gè)分句中，Japanese是先行詞，who引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語從句。[翻譯]現(xiàn)在世界上多數(shù)人見面時(shí)握手相互問候，但有些文化(背景的人)會(huì)采取另外一些寒暄的方式。比方說，日本人就更愿意鞠躬。①represent[?reprI'zent]vt.代表；象征②association[??s??sI'eI?n]n.社團(tuán)；聯(lián)系；聯(lián)想③dormitory['d??mItrI]n.宿舍④canteen[k?n'ti?n]n.食堂⑤flight[flaIt]n.飛行；航班⑥curiously['kj??rI?slI]adv.好奇地curious['kj??rI?s]adj.好奇的curiosity[?kj??rI'?sItI]n.好奇心⑦greet[ɡri?t]vi.&vt.迎接；問候；和(某人)打招呼(或問好)⑧approach[?'pr??t?]vt.&vi.接近；靠近；走近n．接近；方法；途徑⑨kisssb.onthecheek親吻某人的臉頰cheek[t?i?k]n.面頰⑩indefence保衛(wèi)；防御defence[dI'fens]n.防御；保衛(wèi)defend[dI'fend]vt.保護(hù)；保衛(wèi)defend...against防御；保衛(wèi)……以免受?major['meId??]adj.主要的?misunderstandingn．誤解；誤會(huì)misunderstand[?mIs?nd?'st?nd]vt.誤解；誤會(huì)?reachone’shandouttosb.向某人伸出手?bow[ba?]v．鞠躬?dash[d??]vi.猛沖；突進(jìn)?adult['?d?lt；US?'d?lt]n．成人；成年人adj.成人的；成熟的?onthecontrary與此相反，恰恰相反contrarytosth.與某事相反?simply['sImplI]adv.簡單地；只?gettodosth.逐漸做某事get之后的動(dòng)詞不定式多為表示認(rèn)知過程或心理變化的動(dòng)詞，如gettoknow,gettounderstand,gettorealize,gettoadmit等。?spoken['sp??k?n]adj.口語的，口頭的eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))posture['p?st??]n.姿勢(shì)eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))belikelyto很可能……；有希望……likely['laIklI]adj.可能的eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))aswell此處意為“也，又”，相當(dāng)于副詞too，多置于肯定句的句末。eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))prefer[prI'f??(r)]v.更喜歡prefertodosth.更喜歡做某事eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))ingeneral(＝generallyspeaking)總的來說；通常(寫文章或說話時(shí)作總結(jié)用的插入語)eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))though在此處為副詞，意為“然而”。eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))crossroads['kr?sr??dz]n.十字路口atthe/acrossroads(人生或發(fā)展)處于關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻，在緊要關(guān)頭【核心素養(yǎng)鏈接】在面對(duì)面的溝通中，人們大部分的信息交流是通過無聲的身體語言實(shí)現(xiàn)的。身體語言，也稱肢體語言，是指非詞語性的身體符號(hào)，包括目光與面部表情、身體運(yùn)動(dòng)與觸摸、身體姿勢(shì)與外表、身體之間的空間距離等。通過身體語言實(shí)現(xiàn)的溝通，稱作身體語言溝通。身體語言在人際溝通中有著口頭語言所不能替代的作用。因此，要了解他人，我們就要善于觀察對(duì)方的身體語言；而在溝通的時(shí)候，要善于利用自己的身體語言，以便于更好地表達(dá)自己。MUNICATION：NOPROBLEM?Yesterday,anotherstudentandI,representing①ouruniversity’sstudentassociation②，wenttotheCapitalInternationalAirporttomeetthisyear’sinternationalstudents.TheywereingtostudyatBeijingUniversity.Wewouldtakethemfirsttotheirdormitories③andthentothestudentcanteen④.Afterhalfanhourofwaitingfortheirflight⑤toarrive,Isawseveralyoungpeopleenterthewaitingarealookingaroundcuriously⑥.Istoodforaminutewatchingthemandthenwenttogreet⑦them.◆現(xiàn)在分詞短語representingouruniversity’sstudentassociation作定語，前后有逗號(hào)隔開，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性定語從句?！衄F(xiàn)在分詞短語lookingaroundcuriously作伴隨狀語?！衄F(xiàn)在分詞短語watchingthem作伴隨狀語。ThefirstpersontoarrivewasTonyGarciafromColombia,closelyfollowedbyJuliaSmithfromBritain.AfterImetthemandthenintroducedthemtoeachother,Iwasverysurprised.Tonyapproached⑧Julia,touchedhershoulderandkissedheronthecheek⑨！Shesteppedbackappearingsurprisedandputupherhands,asifindefenceeq\o\ac(○,).Iguessedthattherewasprobablyamajor?misunderstanding?.ThenAkiraNagatafromJapancameinsmiling,togetherwithGeorgeCookfromCanada.Astheywereintroduced,Georgereachedhishandoutto?theJapanesestudent.Justatthatmoment,however,Akirabowed?sohisnosetouchedGeorge’smovinghand.Theybothapologized—anotherculturalmistake!◆本句中closelyfollowedby...是過去分詞短語作狀語。Thefirstpersontoarrive意思是“第一個(gè)到達(dá)的人”，不定式toarrive作后置定語，修飾person。Thefirstperson與arrive之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系?！衄F(xiàn)在分詞短語appearingsurprised作伴隨狀語；asifindefence是asifshewasindefence的省略。AhmedAziz,anotherinternationalstudent,wasfromJordan.Whenwemetyesterday,hemovedveryclosetomeasIintroducedmyself.Imovedbackabit,buthecameclosertoaskaquestionandthenshookmyhand.WhenDarleneCoulonfromFrancecamedashing?throughthedoor,sherecognizedTonyGarcia’ssmilingface.Theyshookhandsandthenkissedeachothertwiceoneachcheek,sincethatistheFrenchcustomwhenadults?meetpeopletheyknow.AhmedAziz,onthecontrary?，simply?noddedatthegirls.MenfromMiddleEasternandotherMuslimcountrieswilloftenstandquiteclosetoothermentotalkbutwillusuallynottouchwomen.◆現(xiàn)在分詞短語dashingthroughthedoor作狀語，修飾came。AsIgettoknow?moreinternationalfriends,Ilearnmoreaboutthiscultural“bodylanguage”.Notallculturesgreeteachotherthesameway,noraretheyfortableinthesamewaywithtouchingordistancebetweenpeople.Inthesamewaythatpeoplemunicatewithspoken?language,theyalsoexpresstheirfeelingsusingunspoken“l(fā)anguage”throughphysicaldistance,actionsorpostureeq\o\ac(○,).Englishpeople,forexample,donotusuallystandveryclosetoothersortouchstrangersassoonastheymeet.However,peoplefromplaceslikeSpain,ItalyorSouthAmericancountriesapproachotherscloselyandaremorelikelytoeq\o\ac(○,)touchthem.Mostpeoplearoundtheworldnowgreeteachotherbyshakinghands,butsomeculturesuseothergreetingsaswelleq\o\ac(○,),suchastheJapanese,whoprefereq\o\ac(○,)tobow．◆“Notall...”表示部分否定，意為“并非所有的……都……”。noraretheyfortable為倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，nor或neither位于句首時(shí)，句子應(yīng)用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)?！衄F(xiàn)在分詞短語usingunspoken“l(fā)anguage”作方式狀語?！魒ho在此引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞theJapanese。Theseactionsarenotgoodorbad，butaresimplywaysinwhichcultureshavedeveloped.Ihaveseen,however,thatculturalcustomsforbodylanguageareverygeneral—notallmembersofaculturebehaveinthesameway．Ingeneraleq\o\ac(○,)，thougheq\o\ac(○,),studyinginternationalcustomscancertainlyhelpavoiddifficultiesintoday’sworldofculturalcrossroadseq\o\ac(○,)!◆inwhichcultureshavedeveloped是inwhich引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞ways?！鬾ot與表示整體或全部意義的詞all,every等連用時(shí)，表示部分否定，意為“并非都是，并非每個(gè)都是”?！魟?dòng)名詞短語studyinginternationalcustoms在句中作主語。交際：沒有問題嗎？昨天，我和另一個(gè)學(xué)生代表我們大學(xué)的學(xué)生會(huì)，到首都國際機(jī)場迎接今年的留學(xué)生。他們是來北京大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的。我們首先要把他們帶到宿舍，然后(領(lǐng)他們)去學(xué)生餐廳。在等了他們的航班半個(gè)小時(shí)后，我看到幾個(gè)年輕人走進(jìn)了等候區(qū)，他們好奇地四處張望。站在那里觀察了他們一會(huì)兒后，我走上前去和他們打招呼。第一個(gè)到達(dá)的是來自哥倫比亞的托尼·加西亞，隨后緊跟著的是來自英國的朱莉婭·史密斯。在與他們見面，然后介紹他們彼此認(rèn)識(shí)后，我(對(duì)看到的情景)感到很吃驚。托尼走近朱莉婭，摸了摸她的肩，親了親她的臉頰！她后退(幾步)，看上去很吃驚，并舉起了手，好像是在自衛(wèi)。我猜想這里可能有個(gè)大的誤會(huì)。接著，來自日本的永田明微笑著走了進(jìn)來，和他一起的還有來自加拿大的喬治·庫克。當(dāng)我為他們作介紹時(shí)，喬治把手伸向了這位日本學(xué)生，正在那時(shí)永田明正向喬治鞠躬，結(jié)果他的鼻子碰到了喬治伸過來的手，他們彼此道了歉——又一個(gè)文化上的錯(cuò)誤！另外一名國際學(xué)生，艾哈邁德·阿齊茲來自約旦。昨天我們見面，我進(jìn)行自我介紹時(shí)，他靠得我很近。我往后退了一點(diǎn)兒，他又靠近些，問了我一個(gè)問題，然后同我握手。當(dāng)來自法國的達(dá)琳·庫隆從門口匆忙進(jìn)來時(shí)，她認(rèn)出了托尼·加西亞的微笑的面孔。兩人握了握手，并且在對(duì)方的面頰上親吻了兩下。因?yàn)榉▏赡耆艘姷剿麄冋J(rèn)識(shí)的人時(shí)通常就是這么做的。恰恰相反，艾哈邁德·阿齊茲只是向那些女孩兒們點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭。來自中東和其他伊斯蘭國家的男士在談話時(shí)通常站在離其他男士很近的地方，但一般不會(huì)(用身體)觸碰女士。隨著認(rèn)識(shí)的國際朋友越來越多，我對(duì)“肢體語言”這種文化有了更多的了解。各種文化背景下人們互致問候的方式不盡相同，身體接觸和相互間距離的程度也并不一樣。如同用口頭語言交流一樣，人們還使用無聲的語言——身體間的距離、動(dòng)作或姿勢(shì)，來表達(dá)他們的情感。比如，英國人通常不站得離別人太近，也不會(huì)一見面就(用身體)觸碰陌生人。不過，來自像西班牙、意大利或南美等國的人會(huì)站在離別人很近的地方，而且很可能會(huì)(用身體)接觸對(duì)方?，F(xiàn)在世界上多數(shù)人見面時(shí)握手相互問候，但有些文化(背景的人)會(huì)采取另外一些寒暄的方式。比方說，日本人就更愿意鞠躬。這些行為無所謂好壞，它們僅僅是文化發(fā)展的不同方式而已。然而，我發(fā)現(xiàn)身體語言的文化習(xí)俗是非常普遍的——并非同一種(民族)文化中的成員的行為都一樣。但總的來說，在當(dāng)今文化交融的世界，學(xué)習(xí)不同國家的風(fēng)俗肯定能幫助我們避免交往中的困難！eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)閱讀理解ATheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA)thisweekshoweditsyearlyArctic(北極的)report.ItincludedalistofproblemsthattheArcticwasfacing.“Arcticseaiceremainsyounger,thinnerandcoverslessareathaninthepast，”theNOAAreportsaid.Thereport’sleadauthor,EmilyOsborne,saidthatfullArcticareawasexperiencingthegreatestchangeinhumanhistory.ScientistWalidAbdalatiusedtheword“scary”todescribewhatwashappeningintheArctic.HeisaformerchiefscientistattheAmericanspaceagencyNASAandthedirectoroftheUniversityofColorado’senvironmentalscienceprogram.“It’sanewArctic.We’vegonefromwhitetoblue，”Abdalatisaid,describingtheincreasinglyice-freewaters.ThereportsaidcontinuedwarmingintheArcticwasdrivingchangeintheenvironmentalsysteminpredicted,andalsounexpected,ways.“Amoreconcerningproblemwastherecord-low(歷史新低的)levelsofwinterseaiceintheBeringSea，”scientistssaid.“TheBeringSeaearlythisyearlostanareaofice—theareaofIdaho，”saidDartmouthCollegeprofessorDonaldPerovich.Heisaco-writerofthereport.ThewesternAmericanstateofIdahoisover200，000squarekilometers.GaySheffieldisamarine(海洋的)animalscientistattheUniversityofAlaskaFairbanks.Sheisstudyingtherecord-lowiceanditseffects.ShelivesinNome,anAlaskancitythatsitsontheBeringSea.Shehasnoticedthedecreaseinseaiceherself.AndshetoldotherscientiststhisweekattheyearlyAmericanGeophysicalmeetingthathertownstillhadopenwater.ThisisextremelyunusualforthemonthofDecember.ShealsosaidtheareaaroundNomehadseenenvironmentalchangebecauseofthelackofseaice,addingthatmanyspeciesofoceanlifehaddied...【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，北極的冰融化得很快，很多地方都沒有冰了，這一變化對(duì)那里的環(huán)境也造成了影響。1．WhatdidtheNOAAreportshowthisweek?A．TheArcticwaslosingitsicequickly.B．AlotofnewseaiceformedintheArctic.C．Humanswerefacedwithalistofproblems.D．Humanswereexperiencingthegreatestchangeever.A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的ItincludedalistofproblemsthattheArcticwasfacing.“Arcticseaiceremainsyounger,thinnerandcoverslessareathaninthepast，”．..可知，這個(gè)報(bào)告表明北極的冰正在快速融化。2．HowdoesWalidAbdalatimostprobablyfeelabouttheArctic’scondition?A．Interested. B．Confused.C．Concerned. D．Excited.C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的ScientistWalidAbdalatiusedtheword“scary”todescribewhatwashappeningintheArctic.及It’sanewArctic.We’vegonefromwhitetoblue可推斷，北極的情況讓W(xué)alidAbdalati很擔(dān)心。3．WhatcanwelearnaboutGaySheffield’stown?A．ItisveryfarfromtheArctic.B．Itdoesn’thavealotofmarineanimals.C．Ithasbeemuchcolderthanbefore.D．ItusuallyhasnoopenwaterinDecember.D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的．..hertownstillhadopenwater.ThisisextremelyunusualforthemonthofDecember.可知，一般情況下十二月份的時(shí)候那里戶外的水都結(jié)冰了。BWhatdohandgesturesmeanaroundtheworld?Herearesomemonhandgestures.Ifyoudon’twanttousethemwrongly,readon.Inmostoftheworld,thethumbs-up(翹起大拇指)signmeansthesamething.Youarebasicallysayingthat“everythingisOK”orshowingacceptanceorpraise.ButintheMiddleEast,itisaverybadgesture.Well,let’sjustsayit’sbettertoavoiditifyou’rethere.PuttingyourthumbupinThailandisnotagoodwaytomakefriends,either.Thesignofthehorns(角)isahandgesturewithdifferentmeaningsandusesindifferentcultures.Itisformedbyextendingtheindexfinger(食指)andthelittlefingerwhileholdingotherfingersdown.Inmostoftheworld,“rockon”isthefirstthingthatestomindwhenyouseethesehorns.ButinsomecountrieslikeIndia,itisthesameas“touchwood”inmeaning,whichisrelatedtokeepingbadluckaway.Inmostoftheworld,peoplewillconsiderthebeckoning(招手示意)signtobe“ehere”.Butthisgesturealsohasothermeanings.InJapanandotherpartsofAsia,beckoningisasignofdisrespectandit’sonlyusedfordogsorotherhome-raisedanimals.YoureallyneedtotakethisseriouslybecauseinPhilippines,youcouldevenbetakenintoprisonforusingit!The“V”sign,ifdonecorrectly,issafeallaroundtheworld.The“V”signwasusedasasignofpeace,andspeciallybecamepopularduringtheVietnamWar.Todaythewholeworldconsidersthisasapositivesign,connectedwithpeaceorbeinghappy.However,the“V”signcanhaveanegativemeaningifitappearswiththehandpalmfacingyourself.InEnglandandAustralia,doingthesignthiswaybasicallymeans“upyours”．【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。同一手勢(shì)在不同文化中的含義可能會(huì)不一樣，我們?cè)趧e的國家使用這些手勢(shì)時(shí)需要小心。4.Togetridofbadluck,whatdoIndiansprobablydo?A．Puttheirtwohandstogether.B．Makethesignofthehorns.C．Havetheirthumbsdown.D．Touchthewood.B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的ButinsomecountrieslikeIndia,itisthesameas“touchwood”inmeaning,whichisrelatedtokeepingbadluckaway.可知，印度人會(huì)用這個(gè)手勢(shì)來尋求好運(yùn)。5．WhatcanwelearnaboutthebeckoningsignfromParagraph4?A．It’sverywidelyusedinJapan.B．It’susuallyusedbyprisonersinPhilippines.C．ItmeanssomethinggoodinmostAsiancountries.D．ItcancausetroubleforpeopleusingitinPhilippines.D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的YoureallyneedtotakethisseriouslybecauseinPhilippines,youcouldevenbetakenintoprisonforusingit！可知，在菲律賓用這個(gè)手勢(shì)有可能會(huì)招致牢獄之災(zāi)。6．Whywasthe“V”signmostprobablyusedatfirst?A．Toencouragepeace.B．Toshowangerinawar.C．Toasksomeonetoeup.D．Toexpresspleasureofsuccess.A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)末段中的The“V”signwasusedasasignofpeace,andspeciallybecamepopularduringtheVietnamWar.可知答案。CWhensomethinggoeswronginyourlife,whodoyoublame(責(zé)怪)?I’veeverheardsomeonesay,“I’minsomuchdebt(債務(wù))becausetheeconomyisbadandeverythingissoexpensive.It’snotmyfault.”Andanothergirlsaid,“MymotheralwayscriticizedmewhenIwasachild.That’swhyIsufferfromlowconfidenceandhavemadesomanybadchoices.”Sadly,manypeoplethinkothersshouldberesponsibleforwhatisn’tworkingintheirlife.Actually,whattheydon’trealizeisthatblamewillbadlyinfluencetheirpersonalpower.Justtakealookattheworditself:BLAME.Canyouseethetwootherwordshiddenwithin?LameandMe.Lamecanmean“weak”.Blamingothersandtryingtofindexcusesfromothersareveryweak.Butresponsibilityispower.Whenpeopletakefullresponsibilityfortheirlife—thesituationsthey’rein,thewaytheyfeel,andthechoicestheymake,noonehaspoweroverthem.Whenthingsgowrong,youmaynotbeabletocontrolwhathappensaroundyou,butyoucancertainlydecidehowyou’regoingtodealwithitandhowyouwillallowittoaffectyou.Youcanlookforawell-paidjob,andscale__backyourexpenses(開支).Thenpayoffyourbillsgraduallyandbeedebt-freefinally.Yourmother’shurtfulmentsonyouaren’ttruth.Youcanremindyourselfthatyouareavaluablepersonandthatyoucandosomething.Then,beginmakingmorecorrectdecisionsaboutyourlife.Positivelyfacethesituationanddon’tletithavebadinfluenceonyou.Otherwise,youwillremainstuckinthepastandcontinuetoholdyourmotherresponsibleforyoursuffering.Nooneshouldberesponsibleforyourlifeexceptyou.Bedeterminedtobeethepersonyouadmireandcreatethelifeyoudesire.Don’tletgoofyourhappinessandsuccess.Soblamenoone.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。當(dāng)事情出現(xiàn)差錯(cuò)時(shí)，不要責(zé)備他人，自己要勇于承擔(dān)責(zé)任。只有這樣，你才能吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)，振作精神，朝著成功的方向邁進(jìn)。7．Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlyshow?A．Manypeopledon’tknowaboutthemselveswell.B．Mostpeoplehavenocouragetoadmittheirmistakes.C．Manypeopletendtoblameotherswhenfacingtrouble.D．Mostpeopleareeasilyinfluencedbytheenvironmentaroundthem.C解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容尤其是最后一句可知，第一段主要是想表達(dá)很多人遇到困難時(shí)都傾向于責(zé)怪他人。8．Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbyexplainingtheword“blame”?A．Peopleblamingothersappearselfish.B．Blamecandoharmtopeople’shealth.C．Thewordshouldbecarefullyusedindailylife.D．Takingresponsibilitycanincreasepersonalpower.D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的Actually,whattheydon’trealizeisthatblamewillbadlyinfluencetheirpersonalpower.及Whenpeopletakefullresponsibilityfortheirlife...noonehaspoweroverthem.可知，分析解釋這個(gè)詞是為了告訴我們，責(zé)怪只會(huì)削弱我們的力量，只有承擔(dān)責(zé)任才會(huì)使自己變強(qiáng)大。9．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“scaleback”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Ignore. B．Reduce.C．Record. D．Calculate.B解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞組前后的內(nèi)容可知，作者是針對(duì)第一段中的例子具體說明解決辦法。如果你負(fù)債累累，你可以尋找工資高的工作并“減少”花銷，逐步還清賬單，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)零債務(wù)。10．Whatdoestheauthorthinkweshoulddowhenthingsgowrong?A．Avoidtakingresponsibilityquickly.B．Stopimmediatelyandaskothersforhelp.C．Preventbadsituationsfrominfluencingus.D．Lookbackonthepastandfindthereasons.C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的第一句及Positivelyfacethesituationanddon’tletithavebad