汽車車燈配光技術(shù)培訓(xùn)教材

PhotometryLI

ghting

Technology[Photometry

basic

notionsmPhotometric

regulations

mPhotometricsolutionsm

LightsourcesmLightingtechnologies■

AutolampappearanceMaincontentPhotometry

Basic

Notions

Photometry

notions

mSolid

Angle

立體角?■

LuminousFlux

光通量?mllluminance

照度?m

Luminous

intensity

發(fā)

光

強(qiáng)

度

?Photometry

notionsSolid

angle

立體角球面上某塊面積對(duì)球心形成的角稱為立體角。

立體角的單位為Sr。二·dsΩ:最

…→4T-整個(gè)圓球面對(duì)應(yīng)的立體角為4π。ANGLE

SOUIER-1Ωwne:le

SteradianMM0S

Photometry

notions

·Luminous

flux光通量，

光源在單位時(shí)間內(nèi)向周圍空間輻射并引起視覺的能量，

稱為光通量.單位lmPhotometry

notions的

量，

(比點(diǎn)稱)

度。位Ix。面的為上面積之被照面面表到被照面上llluminancelux(Cc)-qannreneuMCE

REUEPARCN

OBJET

PAR

UNITEDESCEFACEdgECLAIPEMENTdsE

于=貴Photometry

notions●|Luminous

intensity

光源在空間某一特定方向上單位立體

角內(nèi)輻射的光通量，

稱為光源在該方向上的發(fā)光強(qiáng)度，

單位cd.Solid

angle(sr)=Portion

of

surface

limited

by

acone.

表面對(duì)球心的張角。Luminous

flux(lm)=Total

amount

of

lightemitted

by

a

light

source.

發(fā)光體發(fā)出的光線數(shù)量。llluminance(lx)=Amount

of

light

received

by

agiven

surface.被照面接受光通量的密度，

用來鑒定被照面的照明。Luminous

intensity(cd)=Amount

oflightcomingout

of

the

bulb

in

a

given

direction.發(fā)光體在某個(gè)方向上發(fā)出的光通量密度，表明了光通量的空間分布。

Photometry

notions

·

To

remindPhotometric

RegulationsREGULATIONS中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB

11564外部照明和信號(hào)裝置的安裝規(guī)定GB

4599前照燈配光性能GB

4785機(jī)動(dòng)車回復(fù)反射器GB

5920倒車燈配光性能GB

17509轉(zhuǎn)向信號(hào)燈配光性能GB

15235前位燈后位燈示廓燈和制動(dòng)燈配光GB

7258前性霧

配光性能GB

11554后霧燈配光性能GB

4660機(jī)動(dòng)車運(yùn)行安全技術(shù)條件GB

15766道路機(jī)動(dòng)車輛燈泡尺寸、光電性能要求外部照明和信號(hào)裝置的安裝規(guī)定前照燈配光性能機(jī)動(dòng)車回復(fù)反射器倒車燈配光性能轉(zhuǎn)向信號(hào)燈配光性能前位燈后位燈示廓燈和制動(dòng)燈配光

性能前

霧

燈

配

光

性

能后霧燈配光性能機(jī)動(dòng)車運(yùn)行安全技術(shù)條件道路機(jī)動(dòng)車輛燈泡尺寸、光電性能要求REGULATIONS

中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GBGB

GB

GB

GB

GB

GB

GB

GBGB15766

|

5920175091523511564459947857258115544660Setuponthe

carHID

bulbs

for

low

and

high

beanFilament

bulbsHalogen

low

and

high

beamsPO(AV/AR),STOPFog

lamp

beamHID

bulbsID(AV/AR/SIDE)REGULATIONSECE

RegulationsR37R98

R48R112R6Setuponthe

carHID

bulbsforlowand

high

beanNonsealed

bulbsHalogenlowand

high

beamsPO(AV/AR),STOPFog

lamp

beamHID

bulbsID(AV/AR/SIDE)R37R98R48R19R7R112R99R6REGULATIONSECE

Regulations■Aiming照準(zhǔn)：

The

cut-offallows

the

low

beam

correct

aiming.It

should

not

overpass

either

the

broken

lineHV-H1-H4,or

theHV-H3lineFor

a

RH

driving

beam,the

horizontal

cutoff

should

be

placed

to

theMeasurements

must

be

carried

out

with

a

standard

bulb

n

g

s

rder

to

assure

the

bulb

nominal3nRice(hnlitiaatuleseeosttugmitdnx,accore

curreuhflTZIIIRZonebetween

H=0%,V=0%et

H=15,8%,V=4,2%ZIIIL:Zonebetween

H=-15,8%,V=0%et

H=0%,V=0%

Zone

3<0,7LX Zone4>3

LX

Zone

1<2*50R

OU2*50LCLASS

ACLASSBN(%)H(%N(“H(°EminEmaxEminEmaxB50l1%-6%0,573,420,4Lx0,4Lx75R-1%2%0,54,14°6

Lx12Lx75L-1%-6%0573.4212L)12Lx50R5%3%0,867115L121x50L-159-69%0.8633.426

Lx151x50V5%0%0,860°6Lx25L3%15.894.71-9°1,5Lx2Lx25R-3%15,8,719°1,5Lx2LxHV0%0%0°0°0,7Lx0,7LxZIIIR0,7Lx0,7LxZII0,7Lx0,7LxZ42Lx3

LxZ120

Lx2*50RP17%14%4°-80,3Lx0,7Lx0,3Lx0,7LxP27%0%4°0°0,7Lx0.7LXP37%14%4°8°0,7Lx0,7LxP43,5%-7%2°-40,6Lx0,7Lx0,6Lx0,7LxP53,5%0%2°0°0,7Lx0,7LxP63,5%7%2°4°0,7Lx0,7LxP70%14%0°-8°0,1Lx0,7Lx0,7LxP80%-7%0°-4°0,2Lx0,7Lx0,7Lx·R112

-Low

beam of

HV

and1%downwards(+/-1°horizontal

discrepancy

ised)idewsotlfallePFH!

H275RR-P1

P2V(%)

P3H(%)

P725HHaH(%)Measurementconditions:5075LsotHV+50V25RP8(%)5cut-offHHeadlampphotometricrequirementsStatistical

positionsofwhat

needsbeseenand

identified

.

1

Posted

panelsat

100m4

Eyesfixation

apdag

100

m

sa

mat

50t

50m6

lanedelineator5Opposers'eyesatms0n5itsadsroaneledheerstvoOP32·

75R:Point

located

at

75m

ontheright

side

ofthelevel

ground.·

Itsvaluemust

be

close

to

that

of

maximum

illuminance.>12Ix

i

cf

eo

i

i

j

ryIxof

the

eye

of

the·4o0ctnaotrcteehrtdnsitmo0p5ptoaragonlitmnoocPerL:v0ri5dB

i

ted

at

50m

on

the

right

side

on

the

level

of

the·lxa2loc1tnPouR:r0g525L/R:the

measurement

of

these

points

gives

an

indication

on·

thewidth

ofthebeam:illuminationofthe

side

oftheroad.>2IxPhysicalsignificanceoftheprincipalpointsHC:In

LB,it

is

a

point

of

dazzling(E≤0.7

Lx)located

in

the

axisof

the

lamp.<0.7lx·

HR:In

HB,Point

in

front

of

the

driver

-it

must

be

higher

than80%of

the

HB

maximum.Indeed

the

human

glance

goesnaturally

towards

the

most

luminous

point.>0.8EmaxAimingFora

mixed

headlamp,the

high

beamwill

beaimedas

itfollowsthelow

beamaimingPhotometricrequirements:2L

1L

v

1R

2RCLASS

ACLASS

BV(%)H(%)MinMAXMinMAXEMAX32

LX16*75R

240Lx48

LX16*75R240LxHR0%0%0,8*EMAX16*75R

240Lx0,8*EMAX16*75R

240Lx1R0%4,5%16

LX16*75R240Lx24

LX16*75R

240Lx1L0%-4,5%16

LX16*75R

240Lx24

LX16*75R

240Lx2R0%9%4

Lx16*75R

240Lx6

LX16*75R

240Lx2L0%-9%4

Lx16*75R

240Lx6

Lx16*75R240LxIfthehighbeamaloneshouldbe

aimed,the

maximum

high

beamilluminance

should

beplacedatthe

HV

point.lfthe

high

beam

iscomposed

by

manysources,allofthem

mustbeturnedonsimultaneouslyforthedeterminationofthehighbeam

maximum

illumination

point..R112-High

beamH(%)V(%)H(EminEMAX25L3-26,8%-3%-15°-1,722Lx25R226,8%-3%15°-1,722Lx15L-36.4%-5%-20-2,86°1LX15R36,4%-5%20°-2,86°1LXP1-14%7%-8°4°0,1LxP20%7%0°4°0,1LxP314%7%8°4°0,1LxP4-7%3,5%-4°2°0,2LxH(%)V(%)H(V(9EminEMAXP50%3,5%0?2°0,2LxP67%3,5%4?2?0,2LxP70%-14%0°-8°0,1LxP80%-7%0°-4°0,2LxA-BSegmenl

1-9%à9%-1,5%-5,1°à5.10-0,86°6LxCDScgment

z5,6%à15.8%1,8%3,2°à9°1°6LxE-FSegmenl

3-16,7%à

15%-7.5%-9,5°à8,5°-4,3°20LxEMAXREMAXLH>0%H<0%V>3%H>0H<0°V>0,71°70Lx50LxH(%)V(%)H(可V(可EminEMAXHV0%0%0°0°1LXB50L-6%1%-3,420,57°0,5

Lx75R2%-1%1,14°-0,57°20Lx50L-6%1,5%-3,42°0,86°20Lx25L1-6%3%-3,42-1,7230Lx50V0%-1,5%0°-0,86°12Lx50R3%-1,5%1,72°0,86°20Lx25L215,8%-3%-9°-1,724X25R115,8%-3%9°-1,724LxHee)25R2hshH%25L315LV(4)P2P5HVsov

50ReoL

20

ix·R98

-HID

Low

BeamInside

this

zpne

E<1

LuxB50L50425L1P3H2DP6Bv(4)25R125L2Aiming:For

a

mixed

headlamp,the

high

beam

will

be

aimed

as

it

follows

the

low

beam

aiminglf

the

high

beam

alone

should

be

aimed,the

maximum

high

beam

illuminance

should

be

placed

at

the

HVMany

differences

may

compose

the

high

beam,provided

that

they

are

mentioned

in

the

R37and/or

R99In

that

case,all

the

sources

should

be

turned

on

when

determining

the

high

beam

maximum

illuminanceL

1L

中

1R

2RV(%)H(%)MinMAXEMAX70Lx180LXHR0%0%0,8*EMAX180LX1R0%4,5%40

Lx180LX1L0%-4,5%40

Lx180LX2R0%9%10

Lx180CX2L0%-9%10

Lx180LX·R98

-HID

High

Beampointregulations.point

(HR)PhotometricrequirementsV(%)H(%)V(H(EminEmaxP10%50%0?26,5°1LxP26%50%3,4426,50,5LxP33%-9%5.151LXP40%-9%O°5,150,15Lx1LxP50%0%)0°0,15Lx1LxP63%0%20°1LxP76%0%3,440°0,5LxP86%50%3,442650,5LxP90%50%O°26.5-1LxP100%9%0°0,15Lx1LxP13%9%151LxP12-3%-40%221.80,5LxP136%-40%3.44°)7

.80,5LxP14-6%-18%3,4410.2P15-3%-18%7210.51,5LxP16-3%0%720°1,5LxP17-6%0%3,44”0°1,5LxP18-6%18%3,4410,215LXP193%18%.7210,21,5LxP20-3%40%1.7221,80,5LxP21-6%40%3,44°21,80,5LxForeveryvertical

lineofzones

Eet

Dat

leastone

pointshouldpresentan

illuminancevalueabove

Emin.v1%)Measurement

conditions:Measurementmustbe

performedwith

astandard

bulb.Input

tension

should

be

tuned

in

order

toH

(%)P12P13

P114

Regulationbyzones(official)

ZoneA:0,15<E<1

LXZone

B:

E<1LXZone

C:

E<0,5

LXZone

ZoneD:Emin

=1,5LXE:Emin

=0,5LX(nonRegulationby

pointsassure

that

the

output

nominal

fluxcorresponds

to

the

one

specified

to

the

bulb·

R19-Front

Fog

lamp50%PgP26P2TP1P19P1P18vio)official)(cf.R37)H(o)ho%P8P7EuropeUSJapanTAILH+/-20°H+/-20°H+/-20°STOPH

+/-20°H+/-20°H+/-20°TURNH+/-20°H+/-20°H+/-20°FOGH+/-10°H+/-10°H+/-10°REVERSFH+/-45°H+/-45°H+/-45°HMSLH+/-10°H+/-10°H+/-10°The

photometric

grid

for

signaling

配光分布EuropeUSJapanTAILRedRedRedSTOPRedRedRedTURNAmberAmber/Red

AmberFOGRedRedRedREVERSEWhiteWhiteWhiteHMSLRedRedRedThecolorforsignaling80°ext20°10°5°0°O10°20°45°int.15°

haut0.050.050.0510°0.80.85°0.40.82.80.80.40°0.051.43.643.61.40.055°0.40.82.80.80.4100.80.815°

bas0.050.050.05Feusimple

/SinglelampEnsembledeplusieursfeux/AssemblyofseverallampsFeu

marqué<D>(aile

+coffre)/Lamps

marked《D》(fender

+outer)PhotometryTail

Lamp→

l

maxi≤12cd

→lmaxi

≤

17cd

>

lmaxi≤8,5

cd45°ext.20°1005°0°5°10°2045°int.15°

haut0.30.30.31012125°612421260°0.321546054210.35°6124212610°121215°—

bas0.30.30.3Feu

simple/Single

lamp

→

l

maxi≤

185cdEnsembledeplusieursfeux/Assemblyofseverallamps→

I

maxi

≤

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marqué<D》(1

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coffre)/Lamps

marked《D》(fender+outer)

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Lamp

I

maxi

≤

300cd45°

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int.10haut1015105152550805025155°

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0

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and-5En

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I

maxi≤300cd>lmaxi≤

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→

I

maxi

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cdPhotometryReverse80°ext.20°105°0°5°10°20°45°int.15°

haut0.30.30.31010105°510351050°0.317.545504517.50.35°5103510510°101015°

bas0.30.30.3PhotometrymTurnl

maxi≤

350cdindicator

GB7258Amendment

1

·關(guān)于GB

7258-2004《機(jī)動(dòng)車運(yùn)行安全技術(shù)條件》國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)第

1號(hào)修改通知單，經(jīng)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)已正式發(fā)布，于2006年11月1日起實(shí)施?！?/p>

修改內(nèi)容如下：·

一、刪除第8.4.3條(前照燈的遠(yuǎn)、近光燈上下并列設(shè)置時(shí)，

近光燈應(yīng)位于上側(cè)，其它情況下近光燈應(yīng)位于外側(cè))的內(nèi)容?！?/p>

二、第8.4.7.3條中的“在檢驗(yàn)前照燈遠(yuǎn)光光束及遠(yuǎn)光單

光束燈照射位置時(shí)”改為：“在檢驗(yàn)前照燈遠(yuǎn)光照射位置

時(shí)，對(duì)于能單獨(dú)調(diào)整遠(yuǎn)光光束的前照燈”?！?/p>

本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)代替GB4599-94《汽車前照燈配光性能》,與前者相比主要變化如下：●

—

—

增加了HS1、HB3、HB4、H7、H8、H9、H11、HIR1

和HIR2類型燈泡；●

半封閉式前照燈應(yīng)使用符合GB

15766.1或ECE

R37規(guī)定的燈絲燈泡

·——對(duì)于半封閉式前照燈，

近光暗區(qū)增加了八個(gè)測(cè)試點(diǎn)；·——增加彎道照明的內(nèi)容●

——

增加了反射鏡可調(diào)節(jié)的半封閉式前照燈配光性能試驗(yàn)方法；·——增加了附錄A“前照燈的配光性能穩(wěn)定性試驗(yàn)”;·——增加了附錄B“

塑料配光鏡前照燈的要求—配光鏡或材料試樣和整燈試驗(yàn)”;●

——增加了附錄C“試驗(yàn)程序”;●

——增加了附錄D“漫射光和透射光的測(cè)量方法”;●

——增加了附錄E“機(jī)械磨損試驗(yàn)方法”;●

——增加了附錄F“粘膠帶附著力試驗(yàn)”;GB4599

UpdateLighting

FunctionLightingtechnologies---ParabolaTHE

PARABOLIC

REFLECTORLightingtechnologies---Parabola<Light

shield》bulb+parabolicreflector+glasswithflutesThe

cutoff

is

provided

bythelight

shieldThehorizontalspread

ismadebytheglass

flutesHeavyandcomplex

glasses!Energyloss!Lightingtechnologies---SCTHE

COMPLEX

SHAPE

REFLECTORLightingtechnologies---SCLightingtechnologies---EllipticalsuenCe

Cont∈keECPQCECutoffmadebythe

shieldHACTER

7OmmECXP

CERENDEMENTRENTEMENT-amer90mmTOmmF2THE

DEFECTSTWISTINGONCOMPLEXSURFACE

扭曲ASSEMBLED

HEADLAMPREFLECTORDEFECTTHE

DEFECTS

REFERENCE

RIB

HEIGHTDEFECTASSEMBLED

HEADLAMPREFLECTORTHE

DEFECTSLATCHING

POSITIONDEFECTASSEMBLED

HEADLAMPREFLECTORTHE

DEFECTSBULBTOPPLINGASSEMBLED

HEADLAMPREFLECTORDEFECTTHE

DEFECTSSHRINK

MARK

收縮痕ASSEMBLED

HEADLAMPREFLECTORDEFECTTHE

DEFECTSBLISTER

氣泡ASSEMBLED

HEADLAMPREFLECTORDEFECTSignaling

FunctionsSignalingtechnologies---FisheyesaspectSignalingtechnologies---FisheyesaspectSignalingtechnologies---DepthaspectSignalingtechnologies---DepthaspectSignalingtechnologies---Clearlens

aspectSignalingtechnologies---Clearlens

aspectSignalingtechnologies---DioptricaspectSignalingtechnologies---DioptricaspectLightsourcesThedifferent

lightsourcesHigh

In

yuischargeor“Xenon”lbD)iHIDens(tBulbTungsten

FilamentDifferent

lightsources:LEDThedifferent

lightsources---

Halogen·

HalogencycleTYPESSocketFlux(Lm)TYPESSocketFlux(Lm)P21WBA15s460PY21WBAU15S280P21/5WBA15d440/35R5WBA15s50R10WBA15s125C5WNavette45W5WW2,5

x9,5d50WY5WW2,5

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x16g280/21W21WW3

x

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x

16d280W21/5WW3

x

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x

16d460WPY21WWZ2,5

x

16d280RY10WBAU

15s75P19W350P24W500PB21W110PR21/5W105/8RR10W30RB5W12Bulbsforsignal

lamps

in

ECE

R37TYPESSocketTFLUX(LmTYPESSocketFLUX(Lm)H1P14.5

S1150H4P43

t1250/750HB3P20

d1300HB4P22

d825H7PX26

d1100H8PGJ19-1600H9PGJ19-51500H10PY20d600H11PGJ19-21000H12PZ20d775H13PJ264t800/1200H14P38t-33860/1300Bulbsforheadlamps

in

ECE

R37Thedifferent

lightsources---

HID·High

Intensity

DischargeCyclePhasa

dYoxetaEvaporation

rapidedessels

metalliques50Phase

d

allumsgeAAllumage

o

l

uc

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desselss20KVenentretensiarcRégimestabiliselumierediffuseP=35

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chaud1

max=

2.6

AFlux

lumineux(%)C23D1/D2

SD1/D2

RH7D3/D4

SD3/D4

RFlux(Lm

at

13,2V)320028001500e(mm)27.127.125+-0,1Bending0.5

+/-0.40.5

+/-0.25Diffusion1.1

+/-0.41.1

+/-0.25Length

frombulb

support(mm)525244Electric

power(Wà13,2v)353558R99OuiOuiOuiNonNonB3/Tc@14v1500/30001500/3000150/260Thedifferent

lightsources---HID

·ComparativechartThedifferent

lightsources---HID·High

Intensity

DischargeLUMILEDsFluxRed

colorOSRAMSuper

Flux<5

lmPower

TopLEDsSnapleds5-15Advanced

Power

TopLEDsLuxeon>15

lmDragon

LEDs1-Whatare

Light

Emitting

Diode-RemindMain

automotive

LEDsFluxOSRAMChip

on

Board(Sanyo)lm<2Multi

LEDsSide

LEDsSmart

LEDs1-Whatare

Light

Emitting

Diode-RemindSecondaryautomotive

LEDsLightTechnologyLIGHTING

SYSTEMSLightingP2projectsVerticalComplexShape@Compact

productXenon

RangeAFS·

Characteristics-Compatible

EUR/USA/JAPAN—Movementoftheshield—Elliptic

Reflector-Safety

Position

byactuatorspring

return·In

production

todayBI-XENON

PROJECTOR

Reflector

Moving

Type

HighPhotometricPerformanceShade

Moving

TypeLow-Cost&Small

SizeUnitBI-XENON

REFLECTOR·

Targets:一

Increase

lightonthe

curves

when·

u

i

alidation

:一

July

2002·Regulations:-

forecasted

2005,full

AFSvngofrnEndt·Characteristics一

ryo

l

aptable

for一

Rotation

(up

to

20°)driven

by

steer