托福閱讀長難句21天訓(xùn)練營Day

長難句解析21天訓(xùn)練營Day17Someanalystsalsocontendthatthenumberofbirdskilledbywindturbinesisdwarfedbybirdskilledbyotherhuman‐relatedsourcesandbythepotentiallossofentirebirdspeciesfrompossibleglobalwarming.UnitedStatesanestimated97millionbirdsarekilledeachyearwhentheycollidewithbuildingsmadeofplateglass,57millionarekilledonhighwayseachyear;atleast3.8milliondieannuallyfrompollutionandpoisoning;andmillionsofbirdsareelectrocutedeachyearbytransmissionanddistributionlinescarryingpowerproducedbynuclearandcoalpowerplants.Theotherspecies,theColumbianwhite‐taileddeer,inearliertimeswascommonintheopenprairiecountry,itisnowrestrictedtothelow,marshyislandsandfloodplainsalongthelowerColumbiaRiver.Wheretheforestinhibitsthegrowthofgrassandothermeadowplants,theblack‐taileddeerbrowsesonhuckleberry,salal,dogwood,andalmostanyothershruborherb.Deermaymovefromhigh‐elevationbrowseareasinsummerdowntothelowlandareasinlatefall.Evenwithsnowontheground,thehighbushyunderstoryisexposed;alsosnowandwindbringdownleafybranchesofcedar,hemlock,redalder,andotherarborealfodder.Theearlyexplorersandsettlerstoldofabundantdeerintheearly1800sandyetalmostinthesamebreathbemoaned(complain)thelackofthissucculent(delicious)gameanimal.LewisandClarkandhadexperiencedgreatdifficultyfindinggamewestoftheRockiesandnotuntilthesecondofDecemberdidtheykilltheirfirstelk.Andwhengamemovedoutofthelowlandsinearlyspring,theexpeditiondecidedtoreturneastratherthanfacepossiblestarvation.DavidDouglas,Scottishbotanicalexplorerofthe1830s,foundadisturbingchangeintheanimallifearoundthefortduringtheperiodbetweenhisfirstvisitin1825andhisfinalcontactwiththefortin1832.ArecentDouglasbiographerstates:"Thedeerwhichoncepicturesquely(graphically)dottedthemeadowsaroundthefortweregone[in1832],huntedtoexterminationinordertoprotectthecrops."Reductioninnumbersofgameshouldhavebodedillfortheirsurvivalinlatertimes.Aworseningoftheplightofdeerwastobeexpectedassettlersencroachedontheland,logging,burning,andclearing,eventuallyreplacingawildernesslandscapewithroads,cities,towns,andfactories.WildlifezoologistHulmutBuechner(1953),inreviewingthenatureofbioticchangesinWashingtonthroughrecordedtime,Saysthat"sincetheearly1940s,thestatehashadmoredeerthanatanyothertimeinitshistory,thewinterpopulationfluctuatingaroundapproximately320,000deer(muleandblack‐taileddeer),whichwillyieldabout65,000ofeithersexandanyageannuallyforanindefiniteperiod."長難句解析21天訓(xùn)練營Day18Greattractsoflowlandcountrydeforestedbylogging,fire,orbothhavebecomeidealfeedinggroundsofdeer.Inadditiontofindinganincreaseofsuitablebrowse,likehuckleberryandvinemaple,ArthurEinarsen,longtimegamebiologistinthePacificNorthwest,foundqualityofbrowseintheopenareastobesubstantiallymorenutritive.Theearliestdiscoveredtracesofartarebeads(necklace)andcarvings,andthenpaintings,fromsitesdatingbacktotheUpperPaleolithicperiod.TheearlyAustraliansmayhavepaintedonthewallsofrocksheltersandclifffacesatleast30,000yearsagoandmaybeasmuchas60,000yearsago.Intheinnerreachesofcaves,whosedifficultyofaccesshasbeeninterpretedbysomeasasignthatmagical‐religiousactivitieswereperformedthere.Thepaintingsrestonbarewalls,withnobackdropsorenvironmentaltrappings（decorateditems）.Perhaps,likemanycontemporarypeoples,UpperPaleolithicmenandwomenbelievedthatthedrawingofahumanimagecouldcausedeathofinjury,andifthatwereindeedtheirbelief,itmightexplainwhyhumanfiguresarerarelydepictedincaveart.Thistheoryissuggestedbyevidenceofchipsinthepaintedfigures,perhapsmadebyspearsthrownatthedrawings.CaveartseemstohavereachedapeaktowardtheendoftheUpperPaleolithicperiod,whentheherdsofgameweredecreasing.TheparticularsymbolicsignificanceofthecavepaintingsinsouthwesternFranceismoreexplicitlyrevealed,perhaps,bytheresultsofastudyconductedbyresearchersPatriciaRiceandAnnPaterson.Inaddition,thepaintingsmostlyportrayanimalsthatthepaintersmayhavefearedthemostbecauseoftheirsize,speed,naturalweaponssuchastusksandhorns,andtheunpredictabilityoftheirbehavior.Butinthatperiod,whengettingfoodnolongerdependedonhuntinglargegameanimals(becausetheywerebecomingextinct),theartceasedtofocusonportrayalsofan