名詞性從句講練

PAGE5名詞性從句名詞性從句包括：主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句名詞性從句和名詞一樣，在句中可擔任主語，表語、賓語、同位語引導名詞性從句的連接詞有連接代詞who,whose,whom,what,which連接副詞when,where,why,how連接詞that,whether,if,asif連接代詞和連接副詞在句中充當句子成分，連接詞在句中不充當句子成分I.主語從句在句子中擔當主語的是一個從句，這個從句就叫做主語從句。主語從句可以位于句首，但常見的主語從句多放在句末，句首則用形式主語it。例如：1.Whowillgoisnotimportant.2.Whatweneedismoretime.3.Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.4.Thattheearthisroundistrue.=Itistruethattheearthisround.5.Whetherhewillcomehasn’tbeendecided.=Ithasn’tbeendecidedwhetherhewillcome.【注意】連詞that,whether在從句中不擔任句子成分，只起連接作用，不能省略。并且whether引導主語從句時不能用if代替。6.Wholetoutthenewsremainedunknown.=Itremainedunknownwholetoutthenews.7.Howthishappenedisstillaquestion.8.Itisnotclearwhenwewillstart.9.Whyhedidn’tcomehereisnotcleartoanyone.=Itisnotcleartoanyonewhyhedidn’tcomehere.10.Who/whichisrightisn’tknowntous.【注意】who,which,how,when,where,why在所引導的主語從句中可擔任主語，賓語，狀語，不能省略?？梢杂眯问街髡Zit引導。另外，有的“It...＋主語從句”已成為固定結構。如：a.Itis＋名詞＋從句Itisapitythatwecan’tgo.b.Itis＋形容詞＋從句ItisclearthatTomhasreturned.c.Itis＋過去分詞＋從句Itissaid/reported/believed/known...（翻譯）據(jù)報道一家網吧昨夜著火了。ItwasreportedthattheNetBarcaughtfirelastnight.II.表語從句在復合句中用作表語的從句是表語從句。它一般位于主句系動詞之后。That’swhatweshoulddo.ThereasonformyabsencewasthatIwasill.（翻譯）那就是他為什么今早沒趕上火車。That’swhyhedidn’tcatchthetrainthismorning.（翻譯）那是因為他今早起晚了。That’sbecausehegotuplatethismorning.1.be,seem,look,sound,appear等動詞后均可跟表語從句：Mysuggestionisthatweshouldgoshopping.Itseemsthatitisgoingtorain.2.as,asif/though也可引導表語從句Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.Helookedjustashehadlookedtenyearsbefore.Itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor.【注意】在表語從句中，當reason做主語時，引導詞只能用that，不能用because。如：Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathedidn’tcatchtheearlybus.III.賓語從句在句子中擔當賓語的是一個從句，這個從句就叫做賓語從句。1.作動詞賓語Idon’tknowwhatIwasthinkingof.IwonderifImightgiveyouanecklace.Iexpect(that)IshallbebackonSunday.【注意】在口語中，that引導賓語從句時常常省略。但兩個that從句并列時后邊的that一般不省略。若有補語，則賓語從句要放到補語之后，在賓補前用形式賓語it。Hedoesn’twantittobeknownthatheisgoingaway.Iconsideritnecessarythatheshoulddoitagain.【否定前移】當主句是I/wethink,suppose,expect,believe,guess,imagine時，其后的賓語從句如果是否定的，常常把否定詞not從從句中移到主句中。Idon’tbelievetheywillwinthegame.Idon’tthinkyouwillhelpmewiththechemistryexperiment,willyou?Wedon’texpectheiscoming.【注】此種用法主句的主語必須是第一人稱I或we。而且它的反意疑問句的助動詞由從句的助動詞來定。Idon’tthinkhecandoit,canhe?Idon’tthinkyouareright,areyou?在suggestinsist,order,demand,request,require,command,propose,desire等表示建議、命令、要求、欲望動詞后面的賓語從句中，用虛擬語氣，即should+動詞原形，should常被省略。如Iinsistedthathe(should)doitatonce.Shesuggestedthatthework(should)befinishedatonce.2.作介詞賓語TheteacherissatisfiedwithwhatIsaid.Yoursuccesswilllargelydependuponwhatyoudoandhowyoudoit.Hewasdeeplydispleasedbywhathadoccurredthatday.3.作afraid,glad,certain,sure等形容詞的賓語I’mafraidthatIwillbelate.I'mafraid(that)youdon'tunderstandwhatIsaid.I'msurprised(that)Ididn'tseeallthatbefore.【注意】wonder（想知道），doubt（懷疑）的肯定句接if,whether引導的賓語從句，但否定句和疑問句接that引導的賓語從句。Idoubtwhetherifhewillsucceed.Idonotdoubtthathecanrecitethepoem.Doyoudoubtthathewillwin?4.用it作形式賓語的情況1）．和it作形式主語一樣，我們常用it來做形式賓語，把真正的賓語從句放在句末，這種情況尤其出現(xiàn)在帶復合賓語的句子中。WethoughtitstrangethatXiaoWangdid