新人教版選擇性必修四詞匯課件-Unit1-Science-Fiction

詞匯課堂

版本：新人教單元：選擇性必修四

Unit1重難點(diǎn)詞精講declare一詞多義dismiss一詞多義英語釋義turnoutdivisionappointmenturgeexplodesuspend一詞多義calculate詞源一詞多義隱喻一詞多義一詞多義搭配義詞源fetch辨析義appoint

vt

指定；約定：WeappointedadayinJuneforcelebration.Everyonewasassembledinthehallattheappointedtime.

任命；委派：①appointsb(as)sth:SamhasbeenappointedmanageroftheengineeringdepartmenttotaketheplaceofGeorge.

2012重慶②appointsbtosth:Hehasbeenappointedtothecommittee.③appointsbtodosth:Anursewasappointedtoguardher.2014浙江改a-(to到)+point(指，點(diǎn))→指定時(shí)間、指定人到某崗位→約定；任命appoint(必修三Unit2)

【溫故】appointmentn(appoint+-ment

)

[C]約會(huì)；約定；預(yù)約：make/keepanappointmentIhaveanappointmentwithmydentistat11:30.Shehadanappointmenttopainthernails.

[C]&[U]任命；任職；職位：HeholdsanappointmentintheEnglishDepartmentatpresent.Theycongratulatedhimonhisappointmentaspresident.suspend懸索橋，又名吊橋（suspensionbridge）指的是用纜索做橋梁主要承重結(jié)構(gòu)的橋。將纜索懸掛在橋兩端塔架上，橋身用細(xì)索或吊桿吊在纜索上。2020年12月11日上午，世界首座高速鐵路懸索橋——連接江蘇揚(yáng)州和鎮(zhèn)江的五峰山長江大橋通車?yán)?！大橋全長6.4公里，創(chuàng)七項(xiàng)世界之最。推特安全賬戶2021年1月8日晚發(fā)文稱：“在仔細(xì)審查特朗普賬戶最近發(fā)布的推文以及這些推文的背景后,我們已永久停封（suspend）該帳戶?！?/p>

暫停；中止；使暫停發(fā)揮作用（或使用等）toofficiallystopsthforatime：Thecompanyhastosuspendthespaceexplorationprojectduetofinancialproblems.Talksbetweenthetwocountrieshavenowbeensuspended.suspend

vt

[正式用語]懸；掛；吊tohangsthfromsthelse：Thebuildersworkedonwoodenplatforms,suspendedbyropesfromtheroofofthebuilding.Itwasveryuncomfortablelyingonthehospitalbedwithmylegssuspendedintheair.sus-(upfromunder從下往上)+pend(tohang掛；懸掛)→懸、掛基本義：懸掛suspend懸、掛物體懸、掛事情

使暫時(shí)停職（或停學(xué)等）：Hewassuspendedfromschoolforfighting.【詞匯拓展】suspensionn

[U]［單數(shù)］暫停；中止：thesuspensionofbusiness/ameetingTheschoolallowsapartialsuspensionofitsrulesonthelastdayofterm.

[U]&[C]暫令停職（或停學(xué)、停賽等）：suspensionfromoffice/schoolsuspensionbridge懸、掛人的職業(yè)、學(xué)業(yè)suspend語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖懸、掛物體懸；掛；吊使暫時(shí)停職（或停學(xué)等）暫停；中止懸、掛人的職業(yè)、學(xué)業(yè)懸、掛事情暫停；中止；使暫停發(fā)揮作用（或使用等）暫令停職（或停學(xué)、停賽等）懸、掛suspend（基本義）suspensiondismiss猜猜句中畫線部分的漢語釋義。At12o’clocktheclasswasdismissed.下課dismiss

vt

［正式用語］讓……離開；解散：dismisssbwithawaveofthehandTheclasswasdismissedearlytoday.

［常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)］解雇；開除：Hewasdismissedfromhisjobforincompetence.

消除（顧慮等）；拒絕考慮：dismissfears/doubtsfromone’smindHejustlaughedanddismissedmyproposalasunrealistic.dismiss:dis-(away離開)+miss(tosend送走)→將……送走→讓……離開dismiss讓人離開某地讓人離開崗位讓顧慮、建議等離開同義異構(gòu)：fire讓……離開dismiss（基本義）dismiss語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖讓人離開某地讓人離開崗位讓……離開；解散讓顧慮、建議等離開消除（顧慮等）；拒絕考慮解雇；開除declare

vt

宣布；聲明tosaysthofficiallyorpublicly：InSeptember1939,BritaindeclaredwaronGermanyafterGermanyinvadedPoland.①declare+that從句:Thecourtdeclaredthatstrikeactionwasillegal.②declaresth/sb(tobe)sth:Theareahasbeendeclaredanationalpark.③declaresth+adj:Thechairmandeclaredtheceremonyopen;allofuspresentcheered.de-(表示強(qiáng)調(diào))+clare(toclarify澄清；闡明)→說清楚；講明白→宣布；聲稱declare

聲稱；宣稱tostatesthfirmlyandclearly：HedeclaredthathewouldputhumansonMarsinlessthanadecade.Elladeclaredherself(tobe)happyandsatisfied.

申報(bào)（納稅品等）：Ifyouhavenothingtodeclare,gothroughtheGreenChannel.?declarationn[C]&[U]聲明；宣告；宣言：TheDeclarationofIndependence《獨(dú)立宣言》（TheDeclarationofIndependence）是一份于1776年7月4日由托馬斯·杰斐遜起草，并由其它13個(gè)殖民地代表簽署的最初聲明美國從英國獨(dú)立的文件。calculate兩千多年前，羅馬商人用calculus(小圓石)來計(jì)算損益。古羅馬時(shí)代的算盤也以calculus(小圓石)作為算珠。古希臘人與古羅馬人還以投calculus(小圓石)的簡單辦法來進(jìn)行選舉，只要計(jì)算一下投入甕中的calculus的數(shù)目即可統(tǒng)計(jì)出人數(shù)有多少。英語單詞calculate(計(jì)算)

正是源于calculus(小圓石)。英語還直接借用該詞來指“微積分”和“結(jié)石”。詞源故事calculate

vt&vi計(jì)算；核算(workout)：Theteachercalculatedtheaveragemarkoftheclass.①calculate+that/wh-從句：Sallycalculatedthatshewouldhaveabout$100left.Atsomestageweneedtocalculatewhentheprojectwillbefinished.②itiscalculated+that從句：Itisroughlycalculatedthatin1997alone,about2.3millionpeoplediedofHIV.

vt預(yù)測；估計(jì)(estimate)：calculate+that/wh-從句：Icalculatedthatwewouldarriveat6:00pm.Thispaintingissovaluablethatitisdifficulttocalculatewhatitspriceis.?calculationn[C]&[U]計(jì)算?calculatorn[C]計(jì)算器計(jì)算數(shù)字計(jì)算即將發(fā)生的事vt（去）拿來；（去）取來；（去）請(qǐng)來：Runandfetchthedoctor.Fetchmemyumbrella./Fetch

myumbrellafor

me.fetchfetch,bring辨析二者都含有“拿來”的意思。bring

意為“拿來”“帶來”，指將人或物拿到說話人所在地或即將要去的地方，強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)方向的動(dòng)作。Itistraditionaltobringagifttoahousewarmingparty.2020

全國fetch通常意為“去拿來”，指去取了某物或帶上某人，再返回原處，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的一往一返，相當(dāng)于goandbring。Johnthrewaballawayandthenaskedhisdogtofetchitforhim.turnoutturnout由

turn+out組成：turn

→轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)out→向外借助小品詞out去理解turnout的各義項(xiàng)。turnout

制造；生產(chǎn)：Thefactoryturnsout900carsaweek.

原來（是）；證明（是）；結(jié)果（是）：Unexpectedlytheweatherturnedoutprettynicethatday.Itturnedoutthathisbrotherdiedofaheartattack.2011全國ThebookDonQuixoteturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.

2019天津改

出席；參加tobepresentinanevent：Alotofpeopleturnedoutfortheparty.

關(guān)掉；熄滅：Remembertoturnoutthelightswhenyougotobed.工廠使產(chǎn)品向外轉(zhuǎn)人向外轉(zhuǎn)去參加活動(dòng)事情向外轉(zhuǎn)燈或熱源向外轉(zhuǎn)直至關(guān)閉turnout

語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖turnout向外轉(zhuǎn)基本義事情“向外轉(zhuǎn)”人“向外轉(zhuǎn)”去參加活動(dòng)工廠把產(chǎn)品“向外轉(zhuǎn)”出席；參加制造；生產(chǎn)；培養(yǎng)出原來（是）；證明（是）；結(jié)果（是）燈或熱源“向外轉(zhuǎn)”直至關(guān)閉關(guān)掉；熄滅dividev

vi&vt劃分；分割；分配；分開：Householdwastecanberoughlydividedintofoodwaste,non-recyclablewasteandrecyclablewaste.Astheworkcanbedividedamongseveralpeople,itcanbedoneefficiently.2008浙江

vi&vt（被）除（盡）；把……作除數(shù)：Tendividedbytwoequalsfive.

vt使產(chǎn)生分歧：Wecanachievealotwhenwelearntoletourdifferencesunite,ratherthandivideus.2016浙江divisiondivision是divide的名詞形式。divide：di-(apart分開地)+vide(toseparate分開)→分開divide基本義：（使）分開（使）事物分開（使）數(shù)字分開使意見、想法等分開divisionn

[U]&[C]［單數(shù)］分；分開；分配：Ingroupsdiscusswhatthepossibleworkdivisionwasbetweenmenandwomen.

[U]分界線；部分；部門：thecompany’ssalesdivision

[U]除（法）：30dividedby5isasimpledivision.

[C]&[U]分裂；分歧；差異：Divisionofopinionamongthemselvescontributedtotheirdefeat.（使）事物分開（使）數(shù)字分開劃分；分割；分配；分開（被）除（盡）；把……作除數(shù)divide（使）分開（基本義）除（法）分界線；部分；部門分；分開；分配dividedivisiondivide&division語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖使產(chǎn)生分歧分裂；分歧；差異使意見、想法等分開urge我們每天都需要去衛(wèi)生間，那么“急需去衛(wèi)生間”怎么表達(dá)呢？可借用urge的名詞來幫忙：theurgetopee(尿急)。urgevt

[正式用語]驅(qū)策；驅(qū)趕：Iurgedtheelephantdeeperintotheforest.2014

重慶

催促；力勸

toadviseortryhardtopersuadesbtodosth：①urgesbtodosth:Theyurgedmetoeatthestrangefood.②urge+that...(should)dosth:Heurgedthatwe(should)takesuchsteps.urge詞源義：“推、驅(qū)動(dòng)”(topresshard,drive)，基本義為“驅(qū)趕”

大力推薦；極力主張torecommendsthstrongly：ThesituationisdangerousandtheUNisurgingcaution.n[C]強(qiáng)烈的欲望；迫切的需要(desire)：urgetodosth:Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnackbetweenmeals.2017全國【詞匯拓展】urgentadj急迫的；迫切的；緊急的：Iwasinurgentneedofmoney.Everyminuteofthedayisfilledwithurgentmatters.urge語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖驅(qū)趕urgev基本義“驅(qū)趕”動(dòng)物等“驅(qū)趕”某人做某事極力把某事物“驅(qū)趕”給別人驅(qū)策；驅(qū)趕催促；力勸大力推薦；極力主張程度遞進(jìn)強(qiáng)烈的欲望；迫切的需要nvexplode古希臘人和古羅馬人在觀看戲劇時(shí)，喜歡毫不掩飾地當(dāng)場表達(dá)自己的喜愛或反感情緒。他們通過掌聲和喝彩聲表達(dá)喜愛和贊賞，而在不喜歡演員的表演時(shí)，他們也會(huì)通過噓聲、倒彩聲以及其他各種噪聲來表達(dá)反感，直到將演員轟下臺(tái)為止。英語單詞explode

的本意就是“通過噪聲把演員轟下臺(tái)”。到了18世紀(jì)后期，詞義慢慢演變?yōu)椤巴蝗欢执舐暤乇l(fā)、爆炸”。詞源故事explodev

vt&vi（使）爆炸(blowup)：explodeabombThefireworkexplodedinhishand.

vi（感情、暴力事件）爆發(fā)；激增：explodewithangerFlorida’spopulationexplodedafterWorldWarⅡ.【詞匯拓展】explosionn

[C]&[U]爆炸（聲）：

Theexplosionwascausedbyaburstgaspipe.

[C]（感情）爆發(fā)；激增：

apopulationexplosion

anexplosioninoilprice（使）炸彈、爆竹等“爆炸”感情、暴力事件“爆炸”數(shù)字“爆炸”explode

語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖數(shù)字“爆炸”（使）炸彈、爆竹等“爆炸”感情、暴力事件“爆炸”（使）爆炸（感情、暴力事件）爆發(fā)激增explosionexplode爆炸（聲）（感情）爆發(fā)激增（使）爆炸explode基本義本單元的隱喻單詞基本義比喻義（衍生義）suspend懸掛

dismiss消除division分開fallaway向下傾斜（逐漸）減少；暫停/中止（逐漸）消失讓……離開根據(jù)所給提示填空。分歧1.Ihaveanappointmentwithmydentistat11:30.2.Shehadanappointmenttopainthernails.3.Theclasswasdismissedearlytoday.4.Thechairmandeclaredtheceremonyopen;allofuspresentcheered.5.Unexpectedlytheweatherturnedoutprettynicethatday.6.Itturnedoutthathisbrotherdiedofaheartattack.2011全國7.Divisionofopinionamongthemselvescontributedtotheirdefeat.8.Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnackbetweenmeals.2017全國本單元金句匯總隨堂檢測一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Shehadfailedtokeepherappointmentforthirdtimes.___________2.Theycongratulatedhimonhisappointment

aschairman.___________

3.HehastakenupanappointmentasProfessorofChemistry.___________二、在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Ihavean__________(appoint)atthedoctor’s.2.Shehasanappointment__________herfriend,butshehavetochangeit.三、根據(jù)所給提示，將下列句子譯成英語。我約好了這周末去做美甲。(appointment,paint)____________________________________________________________失約

任命

職位appointmentappointmentwithIhaveanappointmenttopaintmynailsthisweekend.寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Alampwassuspendedfromtheceiling.___________2.Productionhasbeensuspended

whilesafetychecksarecarriedout.

___________

3.Davewassuspendedfromschoolforaweek.___________4.Juliewassuspendedfromherjob

shortlyaftertheincident.___________懸；掛；吊

暫停/中止

被停學(xué)

被停職suspend寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.ThecourtdeclaredthatBrown’scaseshouldbereviewed.___________2.Edwarddeclared

himselfangryandupset.___________

3.Youmustdeclareallyourincomeonthisform.___________4.Who’sthefirstmantosubscribetotheDeclarationofIndependence?___________宣布

聲稱

申報(bào)獨(dú)立宣言declare寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.I’mgoingtocalculatehowmuchpaintweneed._________2.Itisroughlycalculatedthat

atleast47,000jobswerelostlastyear._________

3.Itisimpossibletocalculatewhatinfluencehehadonher._________4.Deelookedatthebillandmadesomerapid

calculations._________計(jì)算

據(jù)粗略計(jì)算估計(jì)快速計(jì)算calculate一、選出適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，并用其正確形式填空。Yesterdayshe__________herboyfriendtotheparty.2.Wouldyoumindgoingto_________thekidsfromschool?二、根據(jù)所給提示，將下列句子譯成英語。你去幫我把眼鏡拿過來好嗎？(fetch)__________________________________________________brought

fetchCouldyoufetchmemyglasses/fetchmyglassesforme,please?bring,fetchfetch

一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Thecompanyturnsoutalotofcomputergameseveryweek._________2.About70%ofthepopulationturnedout

fortheelection._________

3.Don’tforgettoturnoutthelights

whenyougo._________二、根據(jù)所給提示，將下列句子譯成英語。讓我吃驚的是，最后竟是我錯(cuò)了。(turnout)__________________________________________________________制作

關(guān)燈turnout參加

Tomysurprise,itturnedoutthatIwaswrong.1.Thecurrentdivisionoflabourbetweenworkersandmanagementskillswillchange. __________2.He’sjustbeenappointedasdirectorofthepublishingdivision. __________3.MyfathertaughtmehowtododivisionwhenIwassix. __________4.Therearedeepdivisionsinthepartyovertheproposal. __________勞動(dòng)分工部門除法分歧division寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Shebeganurginghimtowardsthefrontdoor. __________2.Policeareurginganyonewhosawtheaccidenttocontactthemimmediately.