新概念第四冊課文翻譯及學(xué)習(xí)筆記 Lesson33全套

新概念第四冊課文翻譯及學(xué)習(xí)筆記：Lesson33【課文】Firstlistenandthenanswerthefollowingquestion.聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。Whyiseducationdemocraticinbookless,tribalsocieties?Educationisoneofthekeywordsofourtime.Amanwithoutaneducation,manyofusbelieve,isanunfortunatevictimofadversecircumstances,deprivedofoneofthegreatesttwentieth-centuryopportunities.Convincedoftheimportanceofeducation,modernstates'invest'ininstitutionsoflearningtogetback'interest'intheformofalargegroupofenlightenedyoungmenandwomenwhoarepotentialleaders.Education,withitscyclesofinstructionsocarefullyworkedout,punctuatedbytextbooks--thosepurchasablewellsofwisdom-whatwouldcivilizationbelikewithoutitsbenefits?Somuchiscertain:thatwewouldhavedoctorsandpreachers,lawyersanddefendants,marriagesandbirths--butourspiritualoutlookwouldbedifferent.Wewouldlaylessstresson'factsandfigures'andmoreonagoodmemory,onappliedpsychology,andonthecapacityofamantogetalongwithhisfellow-citizens.Ifoureducationalsystemwerefashionedafteritsbooklesspastwewouldhavethemostdemocraticformof'college'imaginable.Amongtribalpeopleallknowledgeinheritedbytraditionissharedbyall;itistaughttoeverymemberofthetribesothatinthisrespecteverybodyisequallyequippedforlife.Itistheidealconditionofthe'equalstart'whichonlyourmostprogressiveformsofmoderneducationtrytoregain.Inprimitiveculturestheobligationtoseekandtoreceivethetraditionalinstructionisbindingtoall.Thereareno'illiterates'--ifthetermcanbeappliedtopeopleswithoutascript--whileourowncompulsoryschoolattendancebecamelawinGermanyin1642,inFrancein1806,andinEnglandin1876,andisstillnon-existentinanumberof'civilized'nations.Thisshowshowlongitwasbeforewedeemeditnecessarytomakesurethatallourchildrencouldshareintheknowledgeaccumulatedbythe'happyfew'duringthepastcenturies.Educationinthewildernessisnotamatterofmonetarymeans.Allareentitledtoanequalstart.Thereisnoneofthehurrywhich,inoursociety,oftenhampersthefulldevelopmentofagrowingpersonality.There,achildgrowsupundertheever-presentattentionofhisparent;thereforethejunglesandthesavannahsknowofno'juveniledelinquency'.Nonecessityofmakingalivingawayfromhomeresultsinneglectofchildren,andnofatherisconfrontedwithhisinabilityto'buy'aneducationforhischild.JULIUSE.LIPSTheOriginofThings【Newwordsandexpressions生詞和短語】adverseadj.不利的purchasableadj.可買到的preachern.傳教士defendantn.被告outlookn.視野capacityn.能力democraticadj.民主的tribaln.部落的triben.部落illiteraten.文盲compulsoryadj.義務(wù)的deemv.認(rèn)為meansn.方法，手段，財(cái)產(chǎn)，資力hamperv.妨礙savannahn.大草原juvenileadj.青少年delinquencyn.犯罪【課文注釋】1.adverseadj.不利的,逆向的,有害的例句：Thedevelopmentwasadversetoourinterests.這種發(fā)展與我們的利益背道而馳?！驹~義辨析】opposite,contrary,adverse,reverse,converse這些形容詞均含“相反的、對立的”之意。opposite:指位置、方向、行動(dòng)或想法等完全相反。contrary:一般指與某種主張、看法或行為等正好相反，隱含否定一方并不意味著肯定另一方的意味。adverse:通常指違害利益的、無生命的勢力或條件等，側(cè)重分歧。reverse:指朝相反方向的或反面(背面)的。converse:指在方向、行動(dòng)或意見上相反的。2.depriveof剝奪,使失去...(權(quán)利)例句：Whatwillastudentdoifheweredeprivedofhisbooks?一個(gè)學(xué)生如果沒有了書籍，將怎么辦?deprivevtv.剝奪,失去,免職例句：Wehavenorighttodeprivetheirlife.我們沒有權(quán)利去剝奪它們的生命?！驹~義辨析】rob,steal,plunder,deprive這些動(dòng)詞均含“偷，搶，奪”之意。rob:最常用詞，指用暴力恐嚇或哄騙等非法手段搶奪財(cái)物。steal:普通用詞，指暗中行竊。plunder:指大規(guī)?；虼蠓秶芈訆Z。deprive:多指奪去或扣留別人擁有或可能擁有的有價(jià)值或必需的東西，也可用于指抽象的事物。3.Education,withitscyclesofinstructionsocarefullyworkedout,punctuatedbytextbooks這句話中的主語Education與punctuated并不是一種主謂關(guān)系，因此，這句話在語法上被稱作單元句。punctuatev.①加標(biāo)點(diǎn)于例句：Thechildrenhavenotyetlearnedtopunctuatecorrectly.這些小學(xué)生尚未學(xué)會正確使用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號②強(qiáng)調(diào)例句：Hemadegesturestopunctuatehisspeech.他打手勢來強(qiáng)調(diào)他的講話。③不時(shí)打斷例句：Hepunctuatedhisremarkswiththumpsonthetable.他講話時(shí)不時(shí)地捶著桌子。4.Somuchiscertain[b]有承上啟下的作用，一方面回答了前一段的最后一句的提問，另一方面開始列舉沒有教育將會給社會文明帶來的影響。5.[b]laystresson強(qiáng)調(diào)(著重,重視)例句：Theylaytoomuchstressonmoney.他們太看重金錢了。6.capacityn.①能力例句：Hehasagreatcapacityforlearninglanguages.他學(xué)語言的能力很強(qiáng)。②容量,容積例句：Whatisthecapacityofthisjug?這個(gè)水壺的容積多大?③職位,資格例句：Heparticipatedinanunofficialcapacity.他參與了一個(gè)非官方的職位。Shealonewasinacapacitytobeginthenegotiation.只有她有資格開始談判?！驹~義辨析】ability,capacity,capability,genius,talent,competence,faculty,gift,aptitude這些名詞均可表示人的“能力，才能”之意。ability:普通用詞，指人先天的或?qū)W來的各種能力。capacity:側(cè)重指人的潛在能力，通常不指體力，多指才智，尤指接受與領(lǐng)悟能力。capability:多用于人，指勝任某項(xiàng)具體工作的能力，也指本身具有、尚未發(fā)揮的潛在能力。常與of或for連用。genius:語氣最強(qiáng)，指天賦的高度才能與智力。talent:著重指人某方面具有可發(fā)展和培養(yǎng)的突出天賦才能，但語意比genius弱。competence:正式用詞，側(cè)重指令人滿意的業(yè)務(wù)能力與水平，達(dá)到勝任某項(xiàng)工作等的要求。faculty:指特殊的才能或智力。gift:著重個(gè)人的天賦的才能或在某方面的顯著本領(lǐng)，常暗含不能用一般規(guī)律作解釋的意味。aptitude:多指先天或后天習(xí)得的運(yùn)用自如的能力，常暗示接受能力強(qiáng)，能迅速掌握一種學(xué)術(shù)訓(xùn)練或藝術(shù)技巧。7.befashionedafter按......做成例句：Hernewdresswasfashionedafteralateststyle.她的新衣服是根據(jù)一種最新款式制作的。8.bindv.①約束,強(qiáng)迫例句：Iamboundbymypromise.我必須遵守自己的諾言。Thetreatybindseachcountrytoreducepollutionlevels.該條約迫使各國減少污染排放。②捆綁例句：Sheboundherhairwithahandkerchief.她用手絹把頭發(fā)扎了起來。Thishintwashardenoughtobindmyhands.這個(gè)暗示已經(jīng)夠使我束手無策了。9.withoutascript沒有文字的10.deemv.認(rèn)為例句：Theyweredeemedtobeillegalimmigrants.他們被認(rèn)為是不法移民。Theydeemedthathewasnolongercapableofmanagingthebusiness.他們認(rèn)為他沒有能力再繼續(xù)管理這個(gè)公司了。11.beentitledto有權(quán),有資格例句：Youareentitledtoafreelunch.你們有資格享用免費(fèi)午餐一次。Youmaybeentitledtoreclaimsomeofthetaxyoupaidlastyear.你或許有權(quán)要求退回去年你交付的部分稅金。12.hampervt.妨礙,阻止例句：Ourprogresswashamperedbythebadweather.我們前進(jìn)時(shí)受到了惡劣天氣的阻礙。13.juveniledelinquency青少年犯罪【參考譯文】教育是我們這個(gè)時(shí)代的關(guān)鍵詞之一。我們許多人都相信，一個(gè)沒有受過教育的人，是逆境的犧牲品，被剝奪了20世紀(jì)的最優(yōu)越的機(jī)會之一?，F(xiàn)代國家深深懂得教育的重要性，對教育機(jī)構(gòu)投資，收回的‘利息’便是培養(yǎng)出大批有