選修7 Unit 20 課下主題訓(xùn)練 科技發(fā)展與信息技術(shù)創(chuàng)新科學(xué)精神信息安全

PAGE第11頁(yè)共11頁(yè)課下主題訓(xùn)練科技發(fā)展與信息技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，科學(xué)精神，信息安全課時(shí)練(一)一、主題語(yǔ)基拓展練(一)主題詞匯盤查(已會(huì)詞匯，在□內(nèi)打“√”；欠熟練詞匯，多翻閱識(shí)記)①biotechnology □ ②transplant □③clone □ ④technology □⑤digital □ ⑥artificial □⑦intelligence □ ⑧innovative □⑨scientific □ ⑩radiation □?sustainable □ ?invention □?astronomy □ ?astronaut □?database □ ?instant □?value □ ?communicate □?announce □ ?convenient □(二)主題詞匯訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Theywereaccusedofabusingtheirpowertokeeppricesartificially(artificial)high.2．Itisthesuperiorintelligence(intelligent)andtheuseoflanguagethatdistinguishmanfromtheotheranimals.3．Itisourgovernment'sstrategytomaintainthesustainable(sustain)developmentofsociety.4．TherearecertainfactorsImusttakeintoaccountonmynewinvention(invent)．5．Theyhelpusunderstandsciencesubjectsbetterandarouseourcuriosityaboutscientific(science)discoveries.6．Hewasoneofthemostcreativeandinnovative(innovate)engineersofhisgeneration.7．Technological(technology)developmentistoprovidehumanswithalifeofhighqualityinsteadofreplacinghumanbeings.Ⅱ.寫出下列句中加藍(lán)詞的漢語(yǔ)意思1．Onbalance,biotechnologyshouldbegoodnewsfordevelopingcountries.生物技術(shù)2．Hewasrecoveringfromahearttransplantoperation.移植3．Somepeoplebelievedthatclonetechnologyisanefficientwayofprotectingendangeredspecies.克隆4．Thehappiestteensuseddigitalmediaalittlelessthananhourperday.數(shù)字5．Theysufferfromhealthproblemsandfearthelongtermeffectsofradiation.輻射6．Hewantstoputtheminadatabasesothathecanusethem.數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)7．WangYapinghasbecomethesecondChinesewomanastronauttoworkinspace.宇航員8．Althoughitwasagreathobbyforher,shewantedtostudyastronomyasacareer.天文學(xué)Ⅲ.用本單元詞匯替換加藍(lán)單詞1．It'sdifficulttovaluetheeffectsofthesechanges.assess2．Youcan'tcommunicatewithyourmotherbecauseshedoesn'thaveacomputer.correspond3．Heannouncedthathewouldnotrunforasecondtermaspresident.declared二、主題語(yǔ)篇押題練Ⅰ.閱讀理解ZhangZhixiaissittinginablackmetalchairwithherreadingglasseson.Sheisbackinclassafterleavingschoolalmostfivedecadesago.The62-year-oldformerkindergartenteacherisallears.SheisdeterminednottobeleftbehindbyChina'stechnologyrevolutionandlearningwithgreatattention.InZhang'slifetime,Chinahasbecomeoneoftheworld'slargesteconomies,withapopulationthathas,foralargepart,experiencedtherapidpaceoftechnologicalchange.Therearealready890millionusersofmobilephonepaymentappsacrossChina,forexample.InurbanChina,manypeoplehavegonealmostcompletelycashless,atafasterpacethanmanymoreadvancedeconomies.Everythingfromcoffeestocarscanbepurchasedwithasimpletaponthemobilescreen.Butthathasleftsomeelderlypeoplefeelingleftbehind.Everyweek,Zhangattends“cellphoneclasses”runbyavolunteergroup,SeeYoung,inPanzhuang,innorthwesternBeijing.“I'msoeagertolearn，”Zhangsays.“Isignedupfortheclassimmediatelyandcamewithmyphonechargedtoitsfullest.”WhileZhanghasmadebigprogressinmasteringherphone,shesaysshestillpaysherhospitalbillswithnotes.“I'msojealousofotherpeople.TheypaywithasimplescanbutIneedtocountmynotesbyhandonebyone，”shesays.AsurbanlifeinChinaincreasinglyincludesdigitallife,thewayoflivingZhangknewfordecades—shoppinginstores,queuinginbanks—isfadingfast.“Thepopularityofnewdigitaltoolshasagreateffectonthelifeoftheelderly，”saysLuJiehua,aprofessoratPekingUniversity.Lusaysthatgroupissometimesreferredtoas“digitalrefugees”.Lusaysthatwhilenewtechnologiesaretryingmakelifemoreconvenientforpeopleithasmadethingsharderforsomeoldercitizens.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。中國(guó)科技的飛速發(fā)展，特別是手機(jī)支付的普及，讓人們的生活越來(lái)越便利，但是有些老人跟不上技術(shù)的發(fā)展，他們不會(huì)使用這便捷的支付方式，被稱為“數(shù)字難民”。為了改變這種現(xiàn)狀，有些老人開始了積極的學(xué)習(xí)。1．WhyisZhangZhixiabackinclass?A．Sheiseagertoreadmorebooks.B．Sheintendstomakemorefriends.C．Shewantstostarthercareeragain.D．Shedesirestokeepupwithtechnology.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，她去學(xué)習(xí)就是為了讓自己跟上新科技的步伐。2．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?A．Peoplelivingincitiesliketopayincash.B．Digitallifehasalargenumberofdisadvantages.C．Chinahasexperiencedbigtechnologicalchanges.D．Itishardforoldercitizenstoacceptsmartphones.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，中國(guó)經(jīng)歷了科技的飛速發(fā)展。3．WhatdoesZhangthinkofdigitalpayment?A．Complex. B．Convenient.C．Safe. D．Limited.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第一、二句可知，她認(rèn)為電子支付很方便。Ⅱ.完形填空Everyonegoesthroughsomeformofchange.Goingthroughchangecanteachusaboutour__1__.Inordertomoveoninlifewemust__2__change.Weeitheracceptitor__3__it.Ihavechosentotakeitonwitha__4__.Beforeenteringjuniorhighschool,Ithought__5__wouldbethesameasthingsinmyprimaryschool.AndthenIbegantorealizethatwasn't__6__—notonlywastheremoreworkbuttherewere__7__friends.Thatalsomeantmyoldgroupoffriendsstartedtosplitup.Asmonthswentby,IrealizedIshould__8__thefactthatwewereallgoingthroughabigchangeandthatitwasokaytogrow__9__.Ihavealsolearnedweshouldnever__10__ourselvesforsomeonebutratherforourselves.ItisimportantformetobehappyandIshouldn'thavetochangemyselfonlyto__11__someoneelse.Recently,Ihavebeenabletorealizethatnoteveryonewill__12__meorwhatIdoorwhatIwear,andthat'sokay.Ibelieveinchangebutonlyif__13__fromthatpersonisputintoit.Ifsomeonedoesn'ttrytochange,thenIbelievehewon't__14__hisgoalandthathecouldpossibly__15__thepersonorthingheloves.Inoticedthis__16__afriendofmine.She__17__sayingshewasgoingtochange,butsheputnoeffortintoitandbecauseofthisshelostmanyclosefriends.Aswegetolder,itbecomeseasiertotrynewthingsandmeetnewpeople.Our__18__nolongeraffectjustourselvesbutourfamilyandfriendsaswell.Lifeisbasedonmakingdecisions,someofthem__19__，andsomeofthembad.It'sthesedecisionsthatmakeuswhoweare.Mostpeopleare__20__ofchange,butIchoosetoacceptitgladly.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要講述了每個(gè)人的一生中都會(huì)面對(duì)很多改變，很多人對(duì)此感到不安與害怕，而作者卻選擇微笑面對(duì)改變。1．A.process B．successC．school D．life解析：選D根據(jù)本空后的“Inordertomoveoninlife”以及下文內(nèi)容可知，經(jīng)歷改變可以教會(huì)我們關(guān)于生活的(life)知識(shí)。2．A.bringabout B．believeinC．a(chǎn)daptto D．thinkup解析：選C為了在人生中前行，我們必須適應(yīng)(adaptto)改變。3．A.welcome B．a(chǎn)dmitC．make D．fight解析：選D此處與本空前的“acceptit”形成對(duì)比。我們要么接受改變，要么與之抗?fàn)?fight)。4．A.smile B．purposeC．dream D．question解析：選A根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容，尤其是最后一段中的“Ichoosetoacceptitgladly”可知，作者選擇微笑(smile)面對(duì)改變。5．A.nothing B．everythingC．someone D．everyone解析：選B作者曾以為上初中后，一切事情(everything)和小學(xué)時(shí)應(yīng)該是一樣的。6．A.surprising B．trueC．perfect D．important解析：選B然而一開學(xué)，作者就意識(shí)到這不是真的(true)。7．A.new B．closeC．real D．personal解析：選A根據(jù)本空后的“myoldgroupoffriends”可知，上了初中后，作者有了更多的課業(yè)，也有了新(new)朋友。8．A.examine B．proveC．a(chǎn)ccept D．explain解析：選C幾個(gè)月后，作者意識(shí)到自己應(yīng)該接受(accept)現(xiàn)實(shí)：我們都在經(jīng)歷巨大的變化，分開(apart)也是可行的。9．A.fast B．a(chǎn)partC．well D．steadily解析：選B參考上題解析。10．A.hurt B．limitC．blame D．change解析：選D根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知，作者也認(rèn)識(shí)到絕不應(yīng)為了別人而改變(change)自己，而應(yīng)該為自己而改變。下文中“Ishouldn'thavetochangemyself”也是提示。11．A.please B．serveC．imitate D．respect解析：選A根據(jù)本空前的“Itisimportantformetobehappy”可知，不能只是為了取悅(please)他人而改變自己。12．A.remember B．a(chǎn)ccompanyC．refuse D．a(chǎn)ppreciate解析：選D作者認(rèn)為自己快樂(lè)也很重要，因此就算別人不欣賞(appreciate)自己，或是自己做的事，或是自己的穿著，也沒(méi)關(guān)系。13．A.wealth B．supportC．effort D．care解析：選C根據(jù)下文的“sheputnoeffortintoit”可知，此處指的是付出的努力(effort)。14．A.achieve B．shareC．set D．understand解析：選A根據(jù)下文的“shelostmanyclosefriends”可知，如果有人不努力改變，就不會(huì)達(dá)到(achieve)自己目標(biāo)，也可能會(huì)失去(lose)自己愛(ài)的人或東西。15．A.hate B．forgetC．lose D．trust解析：選C參考上題解析。16．A.beganwith B．happenedtoC．a(chǎn)ppealedto D．stayedwith解析：選B根據(jù)下文描述的該朋友的遭遇可知，此處指作者注意到這樣的例子發(fā)生在(happenedto)她的一位朋友身上。17．A.avoided B．dislikedC．considered D．kept解析：選D她不斷地說(shuō)自己會(huì)改變，但是卻不為之付出努力，因此她失去了許多親密的朋友。keepdoingsth.“一直做，不斷地做”。18．A.experiences B．reactionsC．decisions D．a(chǎn)ttitudes解析：選C根據(jù)下文的“thesedecisions”可知，我們的決定不再只影響我們自己，也影響著我們的家人和朋友。19．A.good B．clearC．big D．firm解析：選A根據(jù)空后“andsomeofthembad”可知，空處與bad形成對(duì)比，故good符合題意。20．A.aware B．a(chǎn)fraidC．tired D．a(chǎn)shamed解析：選B此處與空格后的“Ichoosetoacceptitgladly”形成對(duì)比，大多數(shù)人害怕改變，但是作者選擇欣然接受它。afraidof“害怕”。課時(shí)練(二)一、主題語(yǔ)基拓展練(一)主題詞匯盤查(已會(huì)詞匯，在□內(nèi)打“√”；欠熟練詞匯，多翻閱識(shí)記)①download □ ②update □③technical □ ④phenomenon □⑤simplify □ ⑥exploration □⑦analysis □ ⑧solve □⑨automatic □ ⑩engineer □?software □ ?successful □?spacecraft □ ?programmer □?research □ ?upload □?surf □ ?achievement □?access □ ?click □(二)主題詞匯訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.選詞填空(有兩詞多余)spacecraft，software，update，download，solve，engineer，research，surf，achievement，click1．Ignoringthedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.2．IopentheAmazonMusicStoreanddownloadsomeromantictunesfortonight.3．Hewasbackintheoffice,updatingtheworkscheduleonthecomputer.4．OnhiswaybacktotheEarth,thespacecraftwasoutofcontrol.5．It'ssafetoassumethattherewillalwaysbeademandfornewsoftware.6．NooneknowshowmanypeoplecurrentlysurftheNet.7．Iclickedonalinkandrecentreviewsoftheproductioncameup.8．Thiswon'tsolvetheproblembutit'sastepintherightdirection.Ⅱ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Thispapersharessomeofourexperienceduringourexploration(explore)．2．Trytosimplify(simple)yourexplanationtothestudentstohelpthemunderstandbetter.3．Inawayourprogrammer(program)islikeourcoach.4．Iamlookingforwardtoalongandsuccessful(success)partnershipwithhim.5．Itmaytakealongtimetofindasolution(solve)totheproblem.6．Theengineer(engine)andhispartnersheldfrequentmeetingsconcerningtechnicalproblems.7．Weagreedwithhisacuteanalysis(analyze)ofthepoliticalsituation.8．Hegavemesomeexplanationsofthesespacephenomena(phenomenon)．9．Tothesurpriseofthelittleboy,thedooropenedautomatically(automatic)asheapproached.10．Technical(technology)progresswouldputourfirminpossessionofthehomemarket.二、主題語(yǔ)篇押題練Ⅰ.閱讀理解Iwasbackingmywife'scaroutofourdrivewaywhenIrealizedIwasn'twatchingthebackupcamera,norwasIlookingoutoftherearwindow(后窗).Iwasonlylisteningforthosehigh-pitchedbeepsthatmycarproducedasIapproachedanobject.Theproblemwasthatmywife'scar,anoldermodel,didn'toffersuchbeeps.IhadbecomesodependentonthistechnologythatIstoppedpayingattention,aproblemwithpotentiallydangerousresults.Thepercentageofnewcarssoldwithbackupcamerasdoubled,butthebackupdeathratedeclinedbylessthanathirdwhilebackupinjuriesdroppedonly8percent.Perhapsonereasonis,asareportputsit,“Manydriversarenotawareofthelimitations”ofthetechnology.Thereportalsofoundthatoneinfivedriverswerejustlikeme—theyhadbecomesodependentonthebackupaidsthattheyexperiencedacrashornearmisswhiledrivingothervehicles.Thefactthatourbrainssoeasilygivethistasktotechnologymakesmeworryaboutthetechindustry'saspirations(抱負(fù))—everythingisfullyautonomous.Couldtechnologydesignedtosaveusfromourlapsesinattentionactuallymakeusevenlessattentive?Uber'smarchtowardaself-drivingcarhitamajorspeedbump(緩速塊)lastyear,whenoneofitsself-drivingcarsstruckandkilledawalker.Whilealotoffocuswasonhowavehiclewithcamerasandradarsensorscouldcompletelymissahumanbeingontheroad,lesshasbeensaidaboutthefailureofthemostcomplexlyprogrammedsysteminthevehicle—thebrainofthehumaninthedriver'sseat.WhenIboughtthatfirstfive-speedBMW,mydadremindedmeaboutsafety,thinkingthatdrivingastickwouldbelesssafe.Hewaswrong.Thoughresearchonthesafetyofmanualtransmissions(手動(dòng)變速)isslight,onestudyonthedrivingperformanceofteenageboysshowedthatcarswithmanualtransmissionsresultedinsafer,moreattentivedrivingthanautomatics.Thissuggeststhatthecureforourattentionproblemmightbelesstechnology,notmore.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。作者通過(guò)自己倒車的例子來(lái)說(shuō)明現(xiàn)代技術(shù)是為了給人們開車帶來(lái)便利，卻造成了人們注意力的缺失，導(dǎo)致了事故的發(fā)生。1．Whatisreflectedinthewriter'sexperienceofbackingup?A．Driversignorepotentialdangers.B．Driversaretoocarelessindriving.C．Driversshouldquitoldmodelcars.D．Driversdependontechnologyheavily.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，通過(guò)舉自己倒車的例子，作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在的人們過(guò)度依賴科學(xué)技術(shù)。2．Theunderlinedword“l(fā)apses”canbereplacedby“______”．A．shortcomings B．disordersC．needs D．mistakes解析：選D詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段畫線詞前面的“technologydesignedtosaveusfrom...”可知，現(xiàn)代駕駛技術(shù)本來(lái)是為了防止人們開車時(shí)候的疏忽，結(jié)果卻造成了人們注意力缺失，故lapse意為“疏忽”。故選D。3．WhatshouldbefocusedoninUber'scaraccidentaccordingtothewriter?A．Thefailureofradarsensors.B．Thelimitationsoftechnology.C．Thefaultofthehumandriver.D．Thecarelessnessofthewalker.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句“thebrainofthehumaninthedriver'sseat”可知，作者認(rèn)為人們?cè)陉P(guān)注這次自動(dòng)駕駛汽車車禍中忽視了駕駛?cè)说膯?wèn)題。4．Whatdoesthewriterwanttosayinthelastparagraph?A．Moreresearchoncarsneedstobedone.B．Stick-shiftcarsaresaferthanautomatics.C．Teenagerstendtodrivecarswithcaution.D．Driverlesscarsshouldbeofficiallybanned.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，作者認(rèn)為開手動(dòng)擋的汽車比自動(dòng)擋更安全。為了讓人們開車時(shí)注意力集中，也許不應(yīng)該通過(guò)使用更多的技術(shù)，而是用更少的技術(shù)，故選B。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五(2021·北京一零一中學(xué)月考)Todayitiscommontoseepeoplewhowalkaboutwithcoloredwireshangingfromtheirearswherevertheygo.Theymoveaboutintheirpersonalbubbles,sometimesunawareofwhat'shappeningaroundthem.__1__Outsidelifeisshutout.Soareyouoneof“them”？Forme,walkingaroundinmyownpersonalbubbleisperfect.__2__What'sevenbetter,wearingearphonesseemstogiveasignaltopeoplewhichsays,“I'mnotavailableforchattingatthemoment！”Suppose,you'reatworkandabouttomakeanincrediblebreakthrough,butacolleaguesuddenlyturnsup.Atthisprecisemoment,theslightestdisturbancewouldbreakyourconcentration.__3__Onceagain,thosewireshangingfromyourearswouldbesuretogivethat“Goaway！”signal.__4__It'sprobablypartofthegrowingupstagewhentheyjustwanttoignoretheirwholefamily.Whiletheirmothersgivethemlecturesaboutwhytheyshoulddotheirhomework,theycanjustturnupthevolumeontheirMP3player,smile,andsay“Yes,Mum.”Problemsolved.Prettysoon,notonlywillwehaveprettycoloredwireshangingfromourears—butalsoourbrainswillbedirectlypluggedintosomenewhigh-techinstruments.We'llbeinavirtual(虛擬的)world,communicatingwitheveryoneelse,orchoosingnotto,aswelike.Inthisworld,wewillallbepermanentlypluggedin.__5__Andtheyarechangingoursocialhabitsalongtheway.Intheend,thereisathinlinebetweenusingtechnologyasatoolformakinglifebetterandbeingaslavetoit!It'ssostrange—suddenly,Idon'tfeellikewearingmyearphonesanymore.A．Ourinstrumentsarechangingquickly.B．Ialsohavewireshangingfrommyears.C．Inthehomesituation,teenagerslovethesewires.D．Idon'thavetodealwiththenoisefromtheenvironment.E．Afterall,Iamlisteningtomyfavoritemusicandwouldrathernotbedisturbed.F．Listeningtomusicthroughearphonesistheperfectwaytoignoresuchinterruptions.G．Theywalkaroundintheirownspaces,withtheirpersonal“digitalnoisereductionsystems”．語(yǔ)篇解讀：