選擇性必修第四冊(cè)

PAGE第129頁(yè)共129頁(yè)選擇性必修?UNIT1Lookingforwards一、背單詞與詞塊(一)背閱讀單詞——會(huì)認(rèn)就行(背誦時(shí)遮住右側(cè)漢語(yǔ)，先自主翻譯，后比對(duì)詞義)1．bullfightingn． 斗牛2．complexadj. 復(fù)雜的3．divergev. (兩條路)岔開，分開4．undergrowthn. (卡在大樹下或周邊的)下木層，下層灌木叢5．numerousadj. 許多的，很多的6．commercialn. (電視或電臺(tái)的)商業(yè)廣告7．dilemman. 進(jìn)退兩難的境地，困境8．refreshmentsn. 茶點(diǎn)，點(diǎn)心和飲料(二)背重點(diǎn)單詞——寫對(duì)才行1．boyhoodn． (男性的)童年時(shí)期，少年時(shí)代2．dotn. 點(diǎn)，小圓點(diǎn)3．backwardsadv. 往回，往前面4．a(chǎn)lternativen. 可供選擇的事物5．a(chǎn)risev. (由……)引起6．circumstancen. 情況，情形7．shiftn. (工廠、醫(yī)院等輪班制中的)當(dāng)班時(shí)間(三)背拓展單詞——用準(zhǔn)才行1．a(chǎn)mbitionn．追求，理想→ambitiousadj.有雄心的，有野心的2．trainv．培養(yǎng)；訓(xùn)練；瞄準(zhǔn)→traineen.接受工作培訓(xùn)的人；實(shí)習(xí)生→trainern．教員；教練員；馴獸師3．correspondvi.通信；相一致，符合；相當(dāng)于→correspondentn．通訊員，記者→correspondencen．來(lái)往信件，通信聯(lián)系4．historyn．歷史，歷史學(xué)→historicaladj.(有關(guān))歷史的→historicadj.有歷史意義的；歷史上著名的5．detectv．偵察；發(fā)現(xiàn)；察明→detectiven．私家偵探6．ultimateadj.最后的，最終的→ultimatelyadv.最后，最終7．a(chǎn)dmitv．允許，承認(rèn)→admissionn．允許進(jìn)入(加入)8．participatev．參加，參與→participationn．參加，參與→participantn．參加者，參與者9．thoughtn．思考，想法→thoughtfuladj.認(rèn)真思考的，深思的；體貼的→thoughtfullyadv.深思地；體貼地→thoughtfulnessn．無(wú)微不至；體諒10．symboln.象征，代表→symbolizev．象征，代表11．mixv．混合；調(diào)配→mixturen．混合；混合體12．a(chǎn)ffectv．影響；感染；感動(dòng)；假裝→affectionn．喜愛，鐘愛→affectionateadj.表示關(guān)愛的13．qualifyv．合格，使具備資格→qualifiedadj.合格的，勝任的→qualificationn．資格，資歷14．fluentadj.流利的→fluentlyadv.流利地→fluencyn．熟練，流利15．sincereadj.真誠(chéng)的，誠(chéng)摯的，真實(shí)的→sincerelyadv.由衷地，真誠(chéng)地，真心實(shí)意地[語(yǔ)境活用]1．Overthepastcenturies,theGreatWallhasbecomeasymbolofunityandstrengthforChinesepeople.Itsymbolizesthatthegreatachievementcanbemadewithacommonwillandjoinedeffort.(symbol)2．I'msureheisqualifiedtodriveacar.Hegothisdrivingqualificationbeforehewasqualifiedasadriver.(qualify)3．Thetranscriptoftheconversationwrittenbythatcorrespondentdidnotcorrespondwiththeoriginalwords.(correspond)4．TomappliedforadmissiontothegraduateprogramatNorthwesternUniversitybutwasn'tadmittedintoitatlast.(admit)5．Nearly60participantsfromBeijingandneighboringareasparticipatedinthecompetitionlastsummer.(participate)6．Heisgoodathistory,_andiswritingahistoricalnovelaboutnineteenth-centuryFrance.(history)7．YoutookcareofmyparentsthoughtfullyandIcan'ttellyouhowmuchIappreciateyourthoughtfulness.(thought)(四)背高頻單詞——先“記牢”再“用活”，不背絕對(duì)不行1．a(chǎn)mbitionn．追求，理想背詞條用法(1)theambitiontodo/ofdoingsth.做某事的雄心achieveone'sambition實(shí)現(xiàn)抱負(fù)(2)beambitiousforsth./sb.渴望得到某物/希望某人成功背寫作佳句①Ambitionplaysanimportantroleinourdailylife,becauseitisaguideforustomakedecisionsandchoices.抱負(fù)在我們的日常生活中扮演著重要的角色，因?yàn)樗俏覀冏龀鰶Q定和選擇的向?qū)?。②Shefinallyachievedherambitionofbecomingawriter.她最終實(shí)現(xiàn)了當(dāng)一名作家的夙愿。③Theyareveryambitiousfortheirchildren.他們望子成龍心切。2．correspondentn．通訊員，記者背詞條用法(1)correspondwithsb.與某人通信correspondto/withsth.與……相一致/符合correspondtosth.類似于……；相當(dāng)于……(2)incorrespondencewith與……有通信聯(lián)系；和……一致hold/keepupcorrespondencewith(sb.)與(某人)保持通信聯(lián)系背寫作佳句①Heoftencorrespondswithhisoldcomrades-in-arms.他和他的老戰(zhàn)友們保持通信聯(lián)系。②Wehavetoomanyhigh-soundingwords,andtoofewactionsthatcorrespondto/withthem.我們的言辭太多，與之對(duì)應(yīng)的行動(dòng)卻太少。③Whatwesayshouldbeincorrespondenceto/withwhatwedo.我們應(yīng)該言行一致。3．a(chǎn)dmissionn．允許進(jìn)入(加入)；入場(chǎng)費(fèi)；承認(rèn)背詞條用法(1)gainadmissionto/into允許進(jìn)入(2)admitsb./sth.tobe＋n./adj.承認(rèn)某人/某物是……admitdoing/havingdone/that...承認(rèn)做過(guò)……admit(tosb.)that...(向某人)承認(rèn)……(3)admitsb.to/into...準(zhǔn)許某人進(jìn)入(加入)/入學(xué)(入院)beadmittedto/into被接收(入學(xué)/入院/入黨等)背寫作佳句①Infact,wehavetoadmitthefactthatthequalityoflifeisasimportantaslifeitself.事實(shí)上，我們必須承認(rèn)，生命的質(zhì)量和生命本身一樣重要。②Ifyoustudyhard,youarelikelytobeadmittedtoyourdreaminguniversity.如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)，你很有可能考入理想的大學(xué)。4．participationn．參加，參與背詞條用法participatein(doing)sth.參加(做)某事participateinsth.withsb.和某人一起參與某事背寫作佳句①AndwewillinviteallthestudentsfromtheTheBeltandRoadInitiativeexchangeprogramtoparticipatetoknowmoreaboutChineseculture.我們將邀請(qǐng)所有“一帶一路”交流項(xiàng)目的學(xué)生參加，更多地了解中國(guó)文化。②(2020·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ寫作)LastSunday,ourschoolhelda5kmcross-countryrunningrace,andabout300studentsfromallgradesparticipatedintherace.上星期日，我們學(xué)校舉辦了一場(chǎng)5公里越野賽跑活動(dòng)，來(lái)自各個(gè)年級(jí)的大約300名學(xué)生參加了比賽。③(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))IsincerelyhopethatthefestivalwillbeagreatsuccessandI'mlookingforwardtoyourparticipation.我真誠(chéng)地希望這個(gè)節(jié)日能取得圓滿成功，我期待著你的參與。5．a(chǎn)lternativen．可供選擇的事物adj.可供替代的背詞條用法analternativeto...……的替代物(to是介詞)havethealternativeofAorB要么做A，要么做B；在A或B二者中選一個(gè)havenoalternative/choice/optionbuttodosth.＝can'tdosth.butdosth.＝candonothingbutdosth.別無(wú)選擇只好做某事背寫作佳句①Thankyouforallowingmetodescribethesituation,whereIhadnoalternativebuttogiveuptheplan.謝謝你讓我描述當(dāng)時(shí)的情況，當(dāng)時(shí)我別無(wú)選擇，只能放棄計(jì)劃。②TheInternetprovidesuswithacheapalternativetocommunicatingwithothers.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為我們提供了一個(gè)與他人交流的廉價(jià)選擇。6.arisev．(由……)引起；出現(xiàn)；產(chǎn)生；起身；起床背詞條用法arisefrom＝ariseoutof由……引起/產(chǎn)生if/whentheneedarises如果/當(dāng)有需要時(shí)背寫作佳句①Itisbelievedthataccidentsoftenarisefromcarelessness.人們相信事故往往是由粗心大意引起的。②Sciencearosefrom/outofthepracticalnecessityofdealingwitheverydayproblems.科學(xué)來(lái)自處理日常問(wèn)題的實(shí)際需要。③Childrenshouldbedisciplinedwhen/iftheneedarises.必要時(shí)孩子們應(yīng)該受到管教。7．qualifiedadj.合格的，勝任的背詞條用法(1)bequalifiedfor適合，勝任……bequalifiedtodosth.具備……的知識(shí)(或技能)；符合資格(2)qualifysb.forsth.使合格；使具備資格qualifyassth.取得資格(或?qū)W歷)；合格背寫作佳句①(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))Itisthoseadvantagesabovethatmakemequalifiedfortheposition.正是上述優(yōu)勢(shì)能讓我勝任這份工作。②Apersonhavingappreciationofartandliteratureisqualifiedforthejob.一個(gè)具有文學(xué)藝術(shù)欣賞能力的人能勝任這項(xiàng)工作。③Iqualifiedasateacherlastyear.我去年獲得了教師的資格。(五)背短語(yǔ)詞塊——表達(dá)出彩，需多積詞塊才行eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單元短語(yǔ)再認(rèn)再現(xiàn)1．take_action 采取行動(dòng)2．make_up_one's_mind 做出決定，拿定主意3．pass_up 放過(guò)，放棄，錯(cuò)過(guò)(機(jī)會(huì))4．have_second_thoughts (對(duì)原先的決定)猶豫，產(chǎn)生懷疑5．put_off 推遲……，使……延期6．reject_..._out_of_hand 堅(jiān)決拒絕……；徹底否決……7．weigh_up 仔細(xì)考慮，權(quán)衡8．in_this_respect 在這方面9．in_the_face_of 即將面對(duì)(問(wèn)題、困難等)10．be_forced_to_do_sth. 被迫做某事11．take_a_leaf_out_of/from_one's_book 效仿、模仿(成功之人的舉止或行為)12．insight_into 洞悉；了解13．on_a_daily_basis 每天eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)拓展用活1．takeaction采取行動(dòng)背相關(guān)短語(yǔ)takemeasures/stepstodosth.采取措施做某事takerisks(arisk)冒險(xiǎn)takephotos/pictures照相，拍照背寫作佳句①Wemusttakeactiontofightpollution.我們必須采取行動(dòng)防治污染。②WearereadytohelpallcountriestakemeasurestoreducetherisksofCOVID-19.我們樂(lè)意幫助所有的國(guó)家采取措施降低新冠肺炎病毒的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。③Wecantakestepstoprotectourselvesandthosewelove.我們能采取措施保護(hù)自己和我們愛的人。2．makeupone'smind做出決定，拿定主意背相關(guān)短語(yǔ)haveinmind考慮到，想到bear/keep...inmind記住changeone'smind改變主意bringsth.tomind使想起某事cometomind突然出現(xiàn)在腦海里背寫作佳句①Timeisrunningshort;wemustmakeupourmindaboutit.時(shí)間很急促，我們必須對(duì)那件事下決心。②Justtellusthecoloranddesignyouhaveinmind.we'llchangethemaccordingly.把你心里想的顏色和式樣告訴我們，我們將作相應(yīng)的修改。③(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))I'llkeephiskindnessandhelpinmindforever.我會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)記住他的好意和幫助。二、背佳句與佳作(一)背寫作佳句——多“輸入”才能巧“輸出”eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)教材內(nèi)句式舉一反三1．Canwetakeactiontoshapeit，orshouldwejustacceptwhatevercomesourway？(whatever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句)我們能否采取行動(dòng)去影響未來(lái)，還是該全然接受現(xiàn)實(shí)給予我們的一切呢？佳句①Hehasdeterminedtoholdonthisjobwhateverdifficultieshemightruninto.無(wú)論遇到什么困難，他都決心堅(jiān)持這項(xiàng)工作。佳句②(2019·浙江高考寫作)Istillrememberyoudidwhateveryoucould(do)toimprovemyoralEnglishandEnglishwritingduringyourstayhere.我還記得你在這里期間，為了提高我的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)寫作水平，你做了一切你能做的事情。2．Onleavinghighschool,hejoinedalocalKansasnewspaperasatraineereporter.(upon/on＋n./doing...)高中畢業(yè)后，他進(jìn)入堪薩斯當(dāng)?shù)氐囊患覉?bào)社做實(shí)習(xí)記者。佳句①(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))Uponourarrival,wewerealldeeplyattractedbywhatwesaw.當(dāng)我們到達(dá)時(shí)，我們都被我們所看到的深深吸引了。佳句②On/Uponfinishinghisstudies,hestartedtravellinginChina.一完成學(xué)業(yè)，他就開始了中國(guó)之旅。3．Itiscrucialforteenagerstodevelopintomatureandresponsiblemembersofsociety.(It＋is/was＋adj.＋forsb.todosth.)青少年成長(zhǎng)為成熟和負(fù)責(zé)任的社會(huì)成員是至關(guān)重要的。佳句①(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))Further,itisnecessaryforyoutotakeagoodrest,whichwillprovideenoughenergyforyou.此外，對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)有必要好好休息，這將為你提供足夠的能量。佳句②Itisnothardforonetodoabitofgood.對(duì)于一個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)做點(diǎn)好事并不難。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)同主題佳句熟讀成誦1．EnglishismyfavouritesubjectandI'vewonseveralprizesinEnglishcontests.SoIthinkthatI'mqualifiedfortheposition.英語(yǔ)是我最喜愛的學(xué)科，我曾數(shù)次在英語(yǔ)競(jìng)賽中獲獎(jiǎng)，因此我認(rèn)為我能勝任這個(gè)職位。2．Iamconfidentthatmycombinationofpracticalworkexperienceandsolideducationalexperiencehaspreparedmeformakinganimmediatecontributiontoyourcompany.我相信我的實(shí)際工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)和堅(jiān)實(shí)的教育經(jīng)歷相結(jié)合已使我準(zhǔn)備好立即為貴公司做出貢獻(xiàn)。3．Personally，Iprefertoworkinateam,whichoffersmeachancetolearnhowtogetalongwithothersandhowtosharemyexperiencewiththem.就我個(gè)人而言，我更喜歡團(tuán)隊(duì)工作的方式，這給我提供了一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，學(xué)習(xí)如何與人相處，如何與他們分享我的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。(二)背主題寫作——好習(xí)作就靠“仿效”和“背誦”讀后續(xù)寫序列——行文銜接1．HismotheragreedwithouthesitationbecausesheknewFreddieenjoyedhimselfoutside.他的母親毫不猶豫地同意了，因?yàn)樗繤reddie在外面玩得很開心。(表因果關(guān)系)2．Althoughshereallylikedtheseclothes,asenseofresponsibilityofcaringaboutherkidsdrovehertothinkoftherightideawherethemoneyshouldgo.雖然她真的很喜歡這些衣服，但是一種照顧孩子的責(zé)任感驅(qū)使她去想錢應(yīng)該花在哪里。(表讓步關(guān)系)3．Lookingattheboy,theoldmanwastoosurprisedtosayanythingandsimplysmiledintears,asnoonehadevershownhimsomuchkindness.老人望著小男孩，驚訝得說(shuō)不出話來(lái)，只是含淚微笑著，因?yàn)閺膩?lái)沒有人對(duì)他這么好。(表因果關(guān)系)4．Theboynotonlyvisitedtheoldmanfrequently,buthealsoinvitedtheoldmantojoinhisfamilyforChristmasdinner.這個(gè)男孩不但經(jīng)常去看望老人，而且他還邀請(qǐng)老人和他家人一起吃圣誕晚餐。(表遞進(jìn)關(guān)系)5．ThisSantadoesnotreturntotheNorthPoleafteracrazydeliverybutliveseachdaypurposefully.Hereallylistenstofriends,andthenplansdeliberateactsofkindness.這個(gè)圣誕老人在瘋狂地遞送后并沒有回到北極，而是有目的地過(guò)著每一天，真正傾聽朋友的心聲，然后計(jì)劃著有意識(shí)的善舉。(表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系)6．Wheneverhewasnearthetinyholearoundthecorner,myheartmissedabeat.Whatifhedisappearedintothenearesthole?每當(dāng)他靠近角落里的那個(gè)小洞時(shí)，我的心就會(huì)漏跳一拍。如果他消失在最近的洞里怎么辦？(表?xiàng)l件關(guān)系)7．Then,Isawafaintlight,andheardavoicecallingoutmyname.然后，我看到了微弱的燈光，聽到一個(gè)聲音叫著我的名字。(表并列關(guān)系)8．MyparentsscoldedmeforrunningoutofthehousesecretlybutwerealsogladthatIwasnotseriouslyinjured.父母因?yàn)槲彝低蹬艹黾议T而罵了我一頓，但也很高興我沒有受重傷。(表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系)9．FirstwelearnedtoreadthealphabetandthoughImademistakesattimes,noonelaughedatme.首先，我們學(xué)會(huì)了讀字母表，雖然我有時(shí)會(huì)出錯(cuò)，但沒有人嘲笑我。(表讓步關(guān)系)10．Notfeelingsatisfiedheevensetuprulesastowhocouldenterthegarden,howtheymustenter,andwhattheymustfollowwhiletheywerethere.Asaresult,childrenwereforbiddentoenterandappreciatetheflowersasbefore.他不滿意，甚至還定下規(guī)矩：誰(shuí)可以進(jìn)花園，必須怎么進(jìn)花園，進(jìn)花園后他們必須遵從什么。結(jié)果，孩子們像以前一樣被禁止進(jìn)去賞花。(表因果關(guān)系)學(xué)案(一)重點(diǎn)單詞的查漏補(bǔ)缺——打牢必備知識(shí)[全面練——練清易錯(cuò)微點(diǎn)]Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．Inthiscircumstance(情況),morememoryisrequired.2．Sheworkedthenightshifts(輪班)andtookverygoodcareofme.3.Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle,thenewly-electedmanagerisinadilemma(進(jìn)退兩難的境地)．4．Therewerenumerous(許多的)divingspotsintheareaandLarrywasdeterminedtovisitallofthem.5．WhenIwasakid,Ilovedreadinghistory,sciencefiction,detective(偵探)stories,butespeciallycomics.6．IfyougotoHannibal,you'llseethewhitefence,whichstillstandsatTwain'sboyhood(童年時(shí)期)home.7．Myambition(理想)istoworkforafirmthatdevelopscomputersoftwarewhenIgrowup.8．Thetaskrequiresagoodcomprehensionofcomplex(復(fù)雜的)instructions.Ⅱ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Hehasdeepaffection(affect)forChinaanddoesn'twanttoleave.2．Thisplantrequiresamuddysoil,thereforeamixture(mix)ofclayandsandisideal.3．Ultimately(ultimate),you'llhavetomakethedecisionyourself.4．Neverdoubtasmallgroupofthoughtful(thought)andcommittedcitizenscanchangetheworld.5．Toworkasatranslator,youneedfluency(fluent)inatleastoneforeignlanguage.6．Shehiredaprivatedetective(detect)inanattempttofindherdaughter.7.CometoDollywoodtohavefunlearningallaboutAmerica'shistorical(history)southeasternculture!8．OnMother'sDaypeoplewearcarnations(康乃馨).Aredonesymbolizes(symbol)theloveformother.9．Wesincerely(sincere)thankthecustomersforsupportingandtrustingourwork.10.Itismylifelongambitionto_coach(coach)aleadingteam.名師點(diǎn)撥“一站清”(1)inadilemma“處于進(jìn)退兩難的境地”。注意不要遺漏冠詞a。(2)affection指對(duì)某人或某事物的喜愛或深厚、溫柔的感情，后常接“for＋sb./sth.”。(3)historic通常用以表示歷史上著名或具有重要?dú)v史意義，側(cè)重強(qiáng)調(diào)其影響性。如：ahistoriccharacter“歷史名人”；historical通常涉及歷史、史學(xué)、過(guò)去的事實(shí)，側(cè)重強(qiáng)調(diào)其真實(shí)性。如：ahistoricalnovel歷史小說(shuō)。(4)ambition后常用接動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。[重點(diǎn)練——深化高頻考點(diǎn)]1．correspondent[明其義]n．通訊員，記者[通其用](1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①Therealitydoesnotalwayscorrespondwithone'sexpectations.②Iwanttofigureoutwhyhisanswertothequestionisnotincorrespondence(correspond)withmine.(2)一句多譯③據(jù)我所知，從那時(shí)起，他和歐洲最重要的學(xué)者都有書信往來(lái)。AsfarasIknow,hehas_corresponded_withleadingEuropeanscholarssincethen.→AsfarasIknow,hehas_been_in_correspondence_withleadingEuropeanscholarssincethen.→AsfarasIknow,hehas_held/kept_up_correspondence_withleadingEuropeanscholarssincethen.④她剛才所說(shuō)的同大多數(shù)人所持的觀點(diǎn)不一致。Whatshehasjustsaidisn't_in_correspondence_withtheviewsofthemajority.→Whatshehasjustsaiddoesn't_correspond_with/totheviewsofthemajority.[解其困]correspondto,correspondwithcorrespond若表示“與……一致或相稱”，其后可接介詞to或with；若表示“與……相當(dāng)或相等”，其后只接介詞to；若表示“與……通信”，其后只接with。2．a(chǎn)dmission[明其義]n．允許進(jìn)入(加入)；入場(chǎng)費(fèi)；承認(rèn)[通其用](1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①Admission(admit)toBritishuniversitiesdependsonexaminationresults.(2)完成句子②Theboyadmitted_cheating/having_cheated_in_the_exam;_hewouldneverdothatagain.那男孩承認(rèn)考試作弊了；他再也不會(huì)那樣做了。③Being_admitted_to_the_universityisjustthebeginningandyouwillhavealongwaytogoaheadofyou.被大學(xué)錄取只是個(gè)開始，你還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走。[解其困]admit的過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞形式為：admitted,admitted,admitting，注意雙寫t。3．a(chǎn)rise[明其義]v．(由……)引起；出現(xiàn)，產(chǎn)生；起身；起床[通其用](1)寫出下列句中arise的含義①Seeinghismotherreturnhome,theboyarosefromhischairimmediately.起身②Newproblemswillariseoneafteranotherinthefuture.出現(xiàn)③Theyaroseatsunrisetogetanearlystarttothepark.起床④Theproblemarosefromlackofexperience.由……引起(2)選詞填空(arise/rise/raise)⑤Theyaretalkingabouttheproblemsarisingoutofthelackofcommunication.⑥Wewerewatchingthechildrenraisingthenationalflag,andwesawitrisingslowlyinthewind.[解其困]arise,rise,raise(1)arise為不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生；起因于”。主語(yǔ)一般為argument,difficulty,misunderstanding,problem,quarrel,trouble等抽象名詞。(2)rise為不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“升起；上升；起身；增長(zhǎng)”。(3)raise為及物動(dòng)詞，意為“提升；舉起；飼養(yǎng)；撫養(yǎng)；提出”。4．qualified[明其義]adj.合格的，勝任的[通其用](1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①Wehavesomedoubtwhetherheisqualifiedforthejob.②Thistrainingcoursewillqualifyyouforabetterjob.(2)一句多譯盡管約翰很年輕，但是他卻能勝任這項(xiàng)重要的工作。③Youngashewas,Johnwas_equal_totheimportanttask.(equal)④Althoughhewasyoung,Johnwas_fit_fortheimportanttask.(fit)⑤Youngashewas,Johnwas_qualified_fortheimportanttask.(qualified)學(xué)案(二)詞塊、句式的活學(xué)活用——強(qiáng)化關(guān)鍵能力[詞塊的驗(yàn)收盤點(diǎn)]Ⅰ.詞塊點(diǎn)點(diǎn)練——選詞填空takeaction，makeupone'smind，passup，havesecondthoughts，putoff，reject...outofhand，weighup1.Theyhadintendedtogointothecountryfortheday,butwereput_offbythetrafficjams.2．Wecouldsaythattheofferwasjusttoogoodtopass_up.3.Well,doyouhave_second_thoughtsaboutcomingbacknextyear?4．Ifyoudonotwanttodothat,rejectthemout_of_hand.5.It'stimeforustotake_actiontoprotectourenvironment.6.Theweatherbeingfine,wehavemade_up_our_mindstogoforapicnic.7．Employeeshavetocarefullyweigh_uptheemployer'swordsandcloselywatchtheirexpression.名師點(diǎn)撥“一站清”(1)putoff后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，如果接代詞，需要放在off前。(2)havesecondthoughts表示“(經(jīng)考慮后)改變想法；改變主意”的意思，為了修改已經(jīng)決定的事情而提出建議。(3)takeactiontodosth.表示“采取措施做某事”，注意action用單數(shù)形式。(4)makeupone'smind短語(yǔ)中，如果one's是復(fù)數(shù)(如our,their)，則mind常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

Ⅱ.易錯(cuò)對(duì)對(duì)碰——辨析比較takeactionVStakemeasuresVStakesteps比較①Thegovernmentshouldtake_measurestosolvesuchproblems.②Lookforanopportunitytomakeadifferencetothoseinneed,andthentake_actiontomakeithappen.③Thegovernmentshouldtake_stepstopreservethenaturalresource.辨清(1)takemeasures“采取手段，采取措施，設(shè)法，著手”；(2)takesteps“采取步驟，采取行動(dòng)(或措施)”；(3)takeaction“采取行動(dòng)(或措施)；提出訴訟，對(duì)……起訴，控告；開始起作用”。[句式的驗(yàn)收盤點(diǎn)]upon/on＋n./doing...[通其用]1．完成句子①Upon_his_arrivalattheoffice,herealizedthathehadlefthiscellphoneathome.他一到辦公室，就意識(shí)到把手機(jī)落到家里了。②Wegotupimmediately_the_sun_appeared.太陽(yáng)剛露頭，我們就起床了。③The_moment_he_retired,_hecouldn'twaittoliveapeacefullifeinthecountry.一退休，他就迫不及待地想到鄉(xiāng)村過(guò)平靜的生活。④No_sooner_had_the_performance_begunthanthelightswentout.演出剛一開始燈就滅了。2．一句多譯他一到車站，就發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開走了。⑤On/Upon_arriving_at_the_station,_hefoundthatthetrainhadleft.⑥On/Upon_his_arrival_at_the_station,_hefoundthatthetrainhadleft.⑦Hefoundthatthetrainhadleftthe_moment/minute/instant_he_arrived_at_the_station.⑧Hardly_had_he_arrived_at_the_stationwhenhefoundthatthetrainhadleft.[解其困](1)upon/on＋n./doing...“一……就……”，相當(dāng)于assoonas引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。(2)“一……就……”的其他表達(dá)形式：①immediately/directly/instantly＋從句②themoment/minute/instant＋從句③nosooner...than.../hardly...when...(3)在nosooner...than.../hardly...when...句型中，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，如果nosooner或hardly位于句首，主句需用部分倒裝。學(xué)案(三)高考語(yǔ)篇的價(jià)值發(fā)掘——提升學(xué)科素養(yǎng)(2017浙江6月高考·閱讀理解A篇)對(duì)接主題：未來(lái)職業(yè)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，個(gè)人職業(yè)傾向、未來(lái)規(guī)劃等(一)精讀真題——拓展語(yǔ)言能力(語(yǔ)篇中藍(lán)體詞匯為主題詞匯，請(qǐng)注意積累并揣摩其用法)[1]eq\o(BenjaminWest，thefatherofAmericanpainting，showedhistalentforart,\s\do4(1))whenhewasonlysixyearsofage.Buthedidnotknowaboutbrushesbeforeavisitortoldhimheneededone.Inthosedays,abrushwasmadefromcamel'shair.Therewerenocamelsnearby.Benjamindecidedthatcathairwouldworkinstead.Hecutsomefurfromthefamilycattomakeabrush.[2]Thebrushdidnotlastlong.SoonBenjaminneededmorefur.Beforelong①，thecatbegantolookragged(蓬亂).Hisfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick.Benjaminwasforcedtoadmitwhathehadbeendoing.[3]Thecat'slot②wasabouttoimprove.③Thatyear,oneofBenjamin'scousins,Mr.Pennington,cametovisit.HewasimpressedwithBenjamin'sdrawings.Whenhewenthome,hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes.Healsosentsixengravings(版畫)byanartist.ThesewerethefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen.[4]In1747,whenBenjaminwasnineyearsold,Mr.Penningtonreturnedforanothervisit.HewasamazedatwhatBenjaminhaddonewithhisgift.HeaskedBenjamin'sparentsifhemighttaketheboybacktoPhiladelphiaforavisit.[5]Inthecity,Mr.PenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.Theboybeganalandscape(風(fēng)景)painting.WilliamWilliams,awell-known④painter,cametoseehimwork.WilliamswasimpressedwithBenjaminandgavehimtwoclassicbooksonpaintingtotakehome.Thebookswerelonganddull.Benjamincouldreadonlyalittle,havingbeenapoorstudent.Buthelatersaid,“Thosetwobooksweremycompanions⑤byday,andundermypillowatnight.”Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks,theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.Thenine-year-oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.［析微點(diǎn)·厚積語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)］通句式——句子(1)中thefatherofAmericanpainting作BenjaminWest的同位語(yǔ)；when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。①微點(diǎn)撥——意義大不同：beforelong 不久以后longbefore 很久以前②微積累——熟詞生義：lotpron.大量；許多(熟義)n．命運(yùn)(生義)③微技法——根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境猜測(cè)句意：在做句意理解題時(shí)，一定要聯(lián)系上下文語(yǔ)境。第22題就可以根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境得出答案。④構(gòu)詞法——well＋v.-ed→adj.well-knownadj. 著名的well-preparedadj. 做好充分準(zhǔn)備的well-receivedadj. 受歡迎的；被認(rèn)可的well-roundedadj. 全面的⑤微積累——company派生詞companionn. 伙伴；同伴companyn. 公司；陪伴keepsb.company 陪伴某人accompanyv. 陪伴；伴隨[理脈絡(luò)——內(nèi)化讀文規(guī)律](二)解析真題——感悟素養(yǎng)立意[考什么·怎么考——真題再做]21．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Benjamin'svisittoPhiladelphia.B．Williams'influenceonBenjamin.C．ThebeginningofBenjamin'slifeasanartist.D．ThefriendshipbetweenBenjaminandPennington.解析：選C主旨大意題。文章從本杰明在六歲時(shí)自制畫筆作畫寫起，到后來(lái)利用專業(yè)工具作畫，再到知名畫家送給本杰明書籍，都是在講述本杰明是如何一步步走上藝術(shù)之路的。故選C項(xiàng)。22．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3suggest?A．Thecatwouldbecloselywatched.B．Thecatwouldgetsomemedicalcare.C．Benjaminwouldleavehishomeshortly.D．Benjaminwouldhaverealbrushessoon.解析：選D句意理解題。由前文可知，本杰明在沒有專業(yè)畫筆之前是用貓的毛制作畫筆的。畫線句的字面意思是“貓的命運(yùn)將會(huì)得到改善”。由該段后文可知，本杰明的堂兄送給了他專業(yè)的顏料和畫筆。由此可推知D項(xiàng)與畫線句的意思相符。23．WhatdidPenningtondotohelpBenjamindevelophistalent?A．Hetookhimtoseepaintingexhibitions.B．Heprovidedhimwithpaintingmaterials.C．HesenthimtoaschoolinPhiladelphia.D．Hetaughthimhowtomakeengravings.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章末段首句“Inthecity,Mr.PenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.”可知，為了更好地發(fā)展本杰明的繪畫天賦，堂兄Pennington給了他很多幫助，提供了創(chuàng)作油畫的材料，故選B項(xiàng)。24．Williams'twobookshelpedBenjaminto________.A．mastertheuseofpaintsB．a(chǎn)ppreciatelandscapepaintingsC．gettoknowotherpaintersD．makeuphismindtobeapainter解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段本杰明說(shuō)的話以及“Whileitislikelythatheunderstood...Thenine-year-oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.”可推知，Williams給本杰明的兩本關(guān)于繪畫的著作幫助本杰明打開了藝術(shù)之門，使他立志成為藝術(shù)家，故選D項(xiàng)。[為什么考·有何價(jià)值——導(dǎo)向解讀]一、發(fā)展思維品質(zhì)文中第22題主要考查學(xué)生的邏輯性思維。由前文可知，本杰明在沒有專業(yè)畫筆之前是偷偷剪掉家里的貓的毛發(fā)制作畫筆的。畫線句后的內(nèi)容提到本杰明的堂兄送給了他專業(yè)的顏料和畫筆，由邏輯思維可知：本杰明擁有了真正的畫筆，不再需要貓毛制作畫筆了，故貓的命運(yùn)發(fā)生了改變。一些考生由于缺乏邏輯性思維，往往錯(cuò)選B項(xiàng)。二、聚焦核心價(jià)值本文通過(guò)介紹美國(guó)繪畫之父本杰明·韋斯特小時(shí)候?qū)W習(xí)畫畫的故事，激勵(lì)我們要不怕困難，勇往直前，做一個(gè)對(duì)社會(huì)有所貢獻(xiàn)的人。“一個(gè)有希望的民族不能沒有英雄，一個(gè)有前途的國(guó)家不能沒有先鋒”，特別是在中華人民共和國(guó)成立70周年，黨中央隆重表彰了一批為新中國(guó)建設(shè)和發(fā)展而做出杰出貢獻(xiàn)的功勛模范人物。他們就是我們這個(gè)時(shí)代的英雄和先鋒，豎起了中華民族偉大復(fù)興的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)豐碑。我們應(yīng)學(xué)習(xí)他們能吃苦，勇于奉獻(xiàn)，敢于擔(dān)當(dāng)，努力拼搏，不懈奮斗的精神，為中華民族的偉大復(fù)興增磚添瓦！(三)借力真題——發(fā)掘?qū)W習(xí)能力Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．It'sausefulintroduction(introduce)toanextremelycomplexsubject.2．Whoevermadethecakeisreallyanartist(art)．3．It'samazing(amaze)thatheshouldfinishthetasksoperfectly.4．Impressedwithhisstory,allthepeoplepresentweremovedtotears.5．Itiswell-knownthatphysicalexercisecanpromotehealth.Ⅱ.補(bǔ)全句子1．Theboyshowed_a_talent_for(顯示出……才能)mathsatanearlyage.2．Iwas_amazed_at(對(duì)……感到驚訝)thedifferenceitmakesinmyattitudetolife.3．Don'tworry,we'llalwayskeep_you_company(陪伴你)wheneveryouareintrouble.Ⅲ.分析長(zhǎng)難句Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks，theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.[句式解構(gòu)]本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。主句是theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings。其中while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，從句中it作形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)的從句作真正的主語(yǔ)。[句意翻譯]盡管他很可能理解不了這兩本書的內(nèi)容，但是它們開啟了他的古典繪畫之門。Ⅳ.主題語(yǔ)境寫作根據(jù)所給提示，用英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單地介紹一下我國(guó)著名的農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)家袁隆平。要點(diǎn)如下：1．他熱衷于農(nóng)業(yè)研究，經(jīng)常日曬雨淋；2．他成功培育出了一種新的水稻品種，產(chǎn)量比普通水稻高20%；3．他認(rèn)為只有成功地做成一件事，他的人生才有意義；4．作為“雜交(hybrid)水稻之父”，他將永遠(yuǎn)被人銘記。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。參考范文：YuanLongping,aworld-famousagriculturalscientist,isenthusiasticaboutagriculturalstudy.Apartfromthis,heoftenexposeshimselftotherainandsunlightallday.Hardworkpaidoff.Hesucceededindevelopinganewspeciesofricewhoseyieldsare20percenthigherthancommontypesofrice.Hethoughtitmadesenseonlyifhecoulddosomethingsuccessfullyinhislife.Owingtothis,hewillalwaysberememberedas“FatherofHybridRice”．課下主題訓(xùn)練未來(lái)職業(yè)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，個(gè)人職業(yè)傾向、未來(lái)規(guī)劃等Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2021·重慶模擬)Inthefallof2017,whenPaulaAldridgeneededtogetajob,shefoundherselfatacrossroads.The50-year-oldwasn'tsureshewouldeverworkagain,duetohealthissues.ButAldridge'slifeandcareerjourneystartedtoturnaroundaftersheconnectedwithGoodwillofCentralIowa'sskillstrainingprograms.Theseprogramsaretailoredtohelppeopledevelopthekindofspecific,real-worldskillstheyneedtogetandkeepajob,throughacombinationofdetailedinstructionandhands-onexperience.WhenAldridgefirstconnectedwithGoodwillinSeptember2017,shewasdealingwithseveralbarrierstoimmediateemployment.Transportationwaschallenging,asshedidn'thaveadriver'slicenseorownacar.Aldridgealsohadalimitedworkhistorywithlongemploymentgaps(間斷),meaningshemissedoutonlearningimportantskills,suchasworkingacreditcardmachine.Ontopofthat,herphysicalhealthissueswerealsoaproblem.AccordingtoKayleighDuff,acareerspecialistatGoodwillofCentralIowa,thebiggestbarrierAldridgehadtoovercomewasfromwithin.“Shesaidoutwardlythatshehadallofthisconfidenceandthatsheknewhowstrongaworkershewas,butIdon'tthinkshetrulybelieveditherself.”Thankfully,Aldridgehadplentyofpeopleonhersidetoprovidemotivationandguidance.Sheoriginallystartedoffinthefoodservicetrainingprogrambutwaseagertoentertheretail(零售)skillsprogram,sinceshehadpreviouslyworkedattheSalvationArmyandSubway.WhenAldridgementionedherinterestinretail,Duffrecognizedthathergo-gettingattitudewouldbeaperfectmatchfortheprogram.Theseven-weekretailskillstrainingisasystematicprogramcombiningclassroominstructionwithon-the-jobexperienceataGoodwillstore.AsAldridgeprogressedandgraduatedfromtheprogram,shebecamemoreconfidentinherabilities.DuffsaiditwasgreattoseehowAldridgegrewintothedevoted,drivenworkersheistoday.“Shehasthisstrongdesire,thislongingtosucceed.Andsheknowsthatshe'sabletodothat,althoughshehasfallenshortinthepast.”語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Goodwill的技能培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目幫助了50歲的奧爾德里奇找工作，改變了她的生活。1．WhatcanbelearnedaboutGoodwill'strainingprograms?A．Theycombinetheorywithpractice.B．Theyguaranteeagoodjobforparticipants.C．Theyaredesignedmainlyfortheunemployed.D．Theywereestablishedintheautumnof2017.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，Goodwill的培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目是理論與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合。故選A。2．WhatwasthebiggestproblemAldridgefacedaccordingtoDuff?A．Poorhealth. B．Poorworkingskills.C．Alackofconfidence. D．Alackofadriver'slicense.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段可知，奧爾德里奇必須克服的最大障礙來(lái)自內(nèi)心。由此可推知，她面臨的最大問(wèn)題是缺乏自信。故選C。3．WhydidAldridgechangehertrainingprogram?A．Shewantedtoattendamoresystematicprogram.B．Shewantedtogainsomehands-onexperience.C．Shewasmoreinterestedinretail.D．ShefollowedDuff'sadvice.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容可知，她對(duì)零售更感興趣，所以她改變了培訓(xùn)的項(xiàng)目。故選C。4．What'sthemainideaofthetext?A．A50-year-olddevotesherselftoGoodwill.B．Goodwillhelpsa50-year-oldturnherlifearound.C．Goodwilltrainingprogramsspringuparoundtheworld.D．Successiscloselylinkedtoappropriatetrainingprograms.解析：選B主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第二句和第二段第一句并結(jié)合全文可知，本文主要講述了Goodwill的技能培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目幫助了50歲的奧爾德里奇找工作，從而改變了她的生活。故選B。B(2021·濟(jì)南模擬)“Whatisthebiggestchallengeofgraduateschool？”anundergraduateaskedthegroupofgraduatestudentsataneventIhelpedorganizelastsummer.“Notlettingthesupportfrommycommunityturnintopressure，”onememberresponded.Thatanswermighthavesurprisedsome,whoprobablyexpectedtohearaboutexperimentsthatdidn'tworkortrudgingthroughacademicmaterials.ButIunderstoodexactlywhatshemeant.Throughoutmyeducation,friendsandfamilyhaveexpectedmetotakeadvantageofeveryopportunityIcomeacrossbecauseImaynotgetthesamechanceagain.TheyexpectmetogiveoutstandingperformanceseverywhereIgobecauseIrepresentthemandourculture.Mentors(導(dǎo)師)expectthatIwillnevergiveup.Thishasbeenagreatsourceofmotivation,butalsoofpressure.Iremembe