高中英語直接引語和間接引語用法講解

高中英語直接引語和間接引語用法講解一、概述引用或轉(zhuǎn)述別人說的話時(shí)有兩種方法：直接引述別人的原話，這叫做直接引語(directspeech)。用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫間接引語(indirectspeech)。一般地講，直接引語前后要加引號(hào)，間接引語不用引號(hào)，而用賓語從句來表達(dá)。Mr.Blacksaid,

“I'mbusy.”布菜克先生說：“我很忙”。（直接引語）Mr.Blacksaid

thathewasbusy.布菜克先生說他很忙。（賓語從句是間接引語）從上例看來，直接引語改為間接引語時(shí),除將直接引語改為賓語從句之外，還須對(duì)直接引語中的人稱和時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的變化，如上例直接引語中的I改成了he,am則改成了was?，F(xiàn)將由直接引語改為間接引語時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問題,分述如下：二、直接引語是陳述句時(shí)直接引語如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，用連詞that引導(dǎo)（that在口語中常省去），that從句之前用say、tell等動(dòng)詞，從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等要作相應(yīng)的變化。1、

人稱的變化直接引語改為間接引語人稱要相應(yīng)的變化，把直接引語中的第一人稱(如：I，me，my，mine，we，us，our，ours)變?yōu)榕c主句的主語相一致的人稱。把直接引語中的第二人稱(you，your，yours)變?yōu)楹椭骶涞拈g接賓語(即聽話人，如無聽話人，可根據(jù)上下文的體會(huì)人為確定一個(gè)人稱)相一致的人稱。直接引語中的第三人稱(he，him，his，she，her，hers,it，its,they,their，theirs，them)變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，人稱不變。Hesaid,“I

like

it

verymuch.”他說：“我非常喜歡它”?！鶫esaid

that

he

liked

it

verymuch.他說他非常喜歡它。(I改為he,it不變)Hesaid,“You

told

me

thisstory.”他說：“你給我講過這個(gè)故事。”

→Hesaidthat

I

hadtold

him

thatstory.他說我給他講過那個(gè)故事。(You改為I,me改為him,told改為hadtold)Hesaidtome,“She’s

left

her

bookin

your

room”.他對(duì)我說：“她把書放在你的房間里去了?！盚etoldmethat

shehad

left

her

bookin

my

room.他對(duì)我說她把書放在我的房間里去了。（She’s→shehad，her不變，your→my）2、

時(shí)態(tài)的變化（1）主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)

如主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)方面要作相應(yīng)的變化。直接引語改為間接引語時(shí),動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)變化表：Hesaid,“Iusually

watch

TVonSunday.”他說：“我常在星期天看電視”?！鶫esaidthatheusually

watched

TVonSunday.他說他常在星期天看電視。Hesaid,“I'musing

theknife.”他說：“我正在用小刀?！薄鶫esaidthathe

wasusing

theknife.他說他正在用小刀。Shesaid,“I

havenotheard

fromhimsinceMay.”她說：“自從五月份來我就沒有收到他的來信?！薄鶶hesaidthatshe

hadnot

heardfromhimsinceMay.她說自從五月份以來她就沒收到他的來信。Hesaid，“I

came

tohelpyou.”他說：“我來幫助你?！薄鶫esaidthat

hehadcome

tohelpme.他說他來幫助我。Hesaid,“I

hadfinished

myhomeworkbeforesupper.”他說：“晚飯前我己做完了作業(yè)?！薄鶫esaidthathe

hadfinished

hishomeworkbeforesupper.他說晚飯前他己做完了作業(yè)。ZhouLansaid,“I'lldo

itafterclass.”周蘭說：“下課后我就去做。”→ZhouLansaidthatshe

woulddo

itafterclass.周蘭說下課后她就去做。Hesaid,“I

shallbedoing

myhomeworkthen.”他說：“那時(shí)我將正在做作業(yè)。”→Hesaidthathe

shouldbedoing

hishomeworkthen.他說那時(shí)他將正在做作業(yè)。Hesaid,“We

shallhavefinished

theworkbythattime.”他說：“我們將在那時(shí)以前完成工作?！薄鶫esaidthatthey

shouldhavefinished

theworkbythattime.他說他們將在那時(shí)以前完成工作。注意：直接引語如果是客觀真理、名人名言、與一個(gè)具體的過去時(shí)間連用說明客觀事實(shí)時(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。Theteachersaid,“Theearth

is

round.”老師說：“地球是圓的?！薄鶷heteachersaidthattheearth

is

round.老師說地球是圓的。Hesaid,“I

was

borninShangdongin1965.”

他說:“我1965年生于山東?！薄鶫esaidthathe

was

borninShangdongin1965.他說他1965年生于山東。Hesaid,“Columbus

discovered

Americain1492.”他說：“哥倫布在1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲?！薄鶫esaidColumbus

discovered

Americain1492.他說哥倫布在1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。（2）主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)一律不變Hesays,“I

finished

thework.”他說：“我做完工作了?！盚esaysthathe

finished

thework.他說他做完工作了。Hewillsay,“I

havewatered

theflowers.”

他會(huì)說：“我己經(jīng)澆花了?！盚ewillsayhe

haswatered

theflowers.他會(huì)說他己經(jīng)澆花了。3、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語的相應(yīng)變化

見下表：

直接引語間接引語指示代詞this/thesethat/those→Thecaptain

orderedhismentofire.上尉命令他的士兵們開火！Thepolicemansaidtothechildren,“Don'tplay

footballinthemiddleofthestreet.”警察對(duì)孩子們說：“別在馬路中間踢足球?！薄鶷hepoliceman

warnedthechildrennottoplay

footballinthemiddleofthestreet.警察警告孩子們不要在馬路中間踢足球。五、點(diǎn)擊考點(diǎn)I.改錯(cuò)：1.HesaidthatheisgoingtoLondon.2.Tomsaidtheyhadfinishedthejobyesterday.3.Sheaskedmedon’tsmokeintheroom.4.Theyaskedthathewasthere.5.Iaskedyouwherewashegoing.6.Theteachertoldusnottalkanymore.7.Thedoctorsaidtohiswife,

Notwaitforme.8.HeaskedmewhoIam.9.Marysaidthatshewouldseeyoutomorrow.10.Motheraskedwhatthematterwas.II.將下列句子改為間接引語1.“Wherewillyougotomorrow?”,Motheraskedme.2.Theoldwomansaidtome,“Pleaselockthedoorforme.”3.Theboytoldhisteacher,“Wewenttoanexhibitionyesterday.”4.Hesaid,“I'llgotothestationtoseeoffafriendofminethisafternoon.”5.“Hello,howareyou?”,hesaidtome.6.Tomsaidtomeangrily,“Whydon’tyoutellmeyouhavebeenherefortwoweeks?”7.JohnsaidtoMary,“DoyourememberIborrowedadiamondnecklacefromyou?”8.TheteachersaidtoLiMing,“Don’tmakethesamemistakeagain.”9.“Areyouleavingtodayortomorrow?”,Iaskedher.10.Thenursesaidtothechildren,“Thesunrisesintheeast.”參考答案:I.1.is→was2.yesterday→thedaybefore

3.don’t→notto

4.that→if

5.washe→hewas

6.not后面加to7.Not→Don't

8.am→was

9.tomorrow→thenextday

10.wasthematterII.1.MotheraskedmewhereIwouldgothenextday.2.Theoldwomanaskedmetolockthedoorforher.3.Theboytoldhisteacherthattheyhadgonetoanexhibitionthedaybefore.4.Hesaidthathewouldgotothestationtoseeoffafriendofhisthatafternoon.5.HeaskedmehowIwas.6.TomaskedmeangrilywhyIdidn'ttellhimIhadbeentherefortwoweeks.7.JohnaskedMaryif