醫(yī)學(xué)英語詞根詞頭

cardiacadj.心臟的cardiomyopathyn.心肌病cardiovascularadj.心血管的cardiologyn.心臟病學(xué)myocarditisn.心肌炎electrocardiogramn.心電圖人體部位

EnglishLatin

(拉丁語)Greek

（希臘語）靜脈vein

veno-

phlebo-

胸chest

pecto-

thoraco-

腹belly

abdomino-

ventro-脊柱

backbonespino-spondylo-腦braincerebro-encephalo-頭head

capito-

cephalo-心

heart

cordi-

cardio-

手hand

mano-/manu-cheiro-

血管

vesselvaso-

angio-

1.adren/o:adrenalgland(腎上腺)adrenal-al,pertainingto,腎上腺的adrenaline-lin/line,substance,腎上腺素adrenalitis-itis,inflammation,腎上腺素的2.–ar:pertainingto與……有關(guān)的vascularvascul/o,bloodvessel.血管的cellular細(xì)胞的Molecular分子的，由分子組成的3.bi/o:life生命，生物Biomedical生物化學(xué)的biology-logy,thestudyof,生物，生物學(xué)biophysical生物物理學(xué)4.chrom/o,chromomat:color顏色chromosomes-somes,bodies,染色體chromatin-in,substance,核染色質(zhì)5.crin/o:secrete分泌endocrinology內(nèi)分泌學(xué)crinogenicgen/o+ic,pertainingtotheproduction,促分泌的crinology分泌學(xué)6.–cyte:cell細(xì)胞erythrocyteerythr/o,red,紅細(xì)胞leukocyteleuk/o,white,白細(xì)胞lymphocytelymph/o,lymph(淋巴)淋巴細(xì)胞7.cyt/:cell細(xì)胞cytology細(xì)胞學(xué)cytochemistry細(xì)胞化學(xué)cytobiology細(xì)胞生物學(xué)8.embry/o:embryo(胚胎)embryology胚胎學(xué)embryoma-oma,tumor胚瘤embryopathology胚胎病理學(xué)pathology,thestudyofdisease,病理學(xué)9.endo-:inner內(nèi)部的endocrinology內(nèi)分泌學(xué)endocardinal心內(nèi)膜的endocellular細(xì)胞內(nèi)的10.hist/o:tissue組織histology組織學(xué)Histopathology組織病理學(xué)histotherapy組織療法hepat/o,liver肝臟hepatitis,theinflammationofliver肝炎vs.endo/crino/logygastr/o,stomach胃enter/o,intestine腸gastr/o/enter/o/logy腸胃病學(xué)（1）…..炎:theinflammationof…//-itishepatitis肝炎;hepat/o:liver肝arteritis動脈炎;arter/o:artery動脈vasculitis血管炎;vascul/o:vas/o:vessel血管nephritis腎炎;nephr/o:kidney腎pancreatitis胰腺炎;pancreat/o:pancreas胰腺ovaritis;oophoritis卵巢炎;pleuritis胸膜炎;pleur/o:pleura胸膜（2）..…術(shù)…operationof….縫合術(shù):-orraphyaneurysmorraphy(suture);動脈瘤縫術(shù)aneurysm:動脈瘤切除術(shù):ectomy:removalpharyngectomy咽切除appendectomy:闌尾切除術(shù)append/o:appendic/o:appendix闌尾固定術(shù):-pexy:fixingrectopexy直腸固定術(shù)rect/o:rectum直肌3）方位/時間方面的詞綴上：upper//superior;epi-;supra-epithelium上皮組織；下：lower//inferior;infra-;sub-subcutaneous皮下的；cutane/o:skin前：front//anterior//prior//fore-;ante-;pre-;antero-forehead前額；anteroposterior前后的wreakvt.施行（暴力）；發(fā)（脾氣）；報仇wrinkledadj.有皺紋的前綴 意思 例子定義的例子olig/o few,scanty oligomenorrhea ascantymenstrualflow(men/o)經(jīng)量異常pan- all panacea remedythatcuresallills;acure-all治百病的藥super-* above,excess supernumerary inexcessnumber超過數(shù)量equi- equal,same equilateral havingequalsides等邊的，等面的hetero- other,different,heterosexual pertainingtotheoppositesex異性戀的；homo-,same,maintainingaconstantbodytemperaturehomeo-unchanging homothermic 保持一個恒定的體溫;warmblooded恒溫的iso- equal,same isograft graftbetweentwogeneticallyidenticalindividuals同基因移植物macro- large,macrocyteextremelylargeredbloodcell大紅細(xì)胞abnormallylarge mega-,*large;megalo abnormallylarge megabladder enlargementofthebladder膀胱擴(kuò)張micro-small microscopic extremelysmall;visibleonlythroughamicroscope顯微鏡的neo- new neonateanewborninfant新生兒[哺乳物]normo normal normovolemianormalbloodvolume血量正常ortho straight,correct,orthotic Correctingorprevcntingdeformities矯正的upright poikilo- varied（雜色的）;poikiloderma皮膚異色病irregular pseudo- false pseudoplegia falseparalysis(suffix-plegia)假麻痹，假癱re- again;back regurgitation backwardorreturnflow,asofbloodorstomachcontents回流；反芻dextr/o right dextrocardia locationoftheheart(cardi/o)inth右位心erightsideofthechestsinistr/o left sinistrad towardtheleft向左ecto- out;outside ectodermoutermostlayerofthedevelopingec-,embryo外胚層ex/o awayfrom;outside excise tocutout切除，刪去end/o- in;within endoscope deviceforviewingtheinsideofacavityororgan內(nèi)窺鏡mes/o middle mesencephalon midbrain中腦syn-,togethersynapseajunctionbetweentwonervecells(神sym-經(jīng)元的)突觸tel/e-, endtelangion aterminalvessel(rootangi/o)tel/o-終動脈與疾病和疾患有關(guān)的前（后）綴病patho-Pathogen（病原體）/pathology（病理學(xué)）/pathogenesis

(發(fā)病機(jī)理/發(fā)病原)

療法-pathy,-pathicneuropathy神經(jīng)病變/nephropathy（腎?。?adrenopathy

（腎上腺病）

病態(tài)–osis,-oticneurosis(神經(jīng)癥；神經(jīng)衰弱癥)/tuberculosis（肺結(jié)核）/schistosomiasis

(血吸蟲病)

增多l(xiāng)eukocytosis/granulocytosis

(粒細(xì)胞增多)

減少–penia,-penicleukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia（紅細(xì)胞減少）/granulocytopenia

（粒細(xì)胞減少）小/微-letdroplet（小滴）/platelet（血小板）/leaflet（小葉）

復(fù)合/多poly-polyuria（多尿癥）/polymer聚合物/polyopia

視物顯多癥

全/泛pan-pancolectomy全結(jié)腸切除術(shù)

/panmyelosis全骨髓增生/pandemic全國流行的（疾?。?/p>

相反dis-disease（疾病，不健康）/disorder（失調(diào)）/disability（不健全，殘疾）

困難/障礙dys-dysfunction（功能紊亂）//dyspepsia消化不良；胃弱/dyspnea

（呼吸困難）

不良mal-malfunction（故障，失靈）/malnutrition（營養(yǎng)不良）/malpractice（玩忽職守，不良行為）

炎癥-itisappendicitis（闌尾炎）/bronchitis（支氣管炎）/arthritis

（關(guān)節(jié)炎）

瘤/塊-omalymphoma（淋巴瘤）/adenoma腺瘤/hematoma

血腫

血癥-emialeukemia白血病/septicemia敗血病/bacteremia菌血癥痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-analgesia止痛；無痛法/hypoalgesia痛覺減退/

algometer痛覺測驗(yàn)計(jì)

麻痹-plegiahemiplegia（偏癱）/pamplegia（全癱）/myoplegia

（肌癱瘓）

流出–rrheaDiarrhea（腹瀉）/hypermenorrhea（月經(jīng)過多）/rhinorrhea

（流鼻涕）

壞死–necrosis，necro-/necr-hepatonecrosis（肝壞死）/myonecrosis（肌壞死）/necrospermia

（死精癥）

結(jié)石litho-/-lithlithiasis結(jié)石病/lithogenesis（結(jié)石形成）/cholelithes

膽結(jié)石3.與方位有關(guān)的前綴上upper/superior:epi-/supra-epidemic（流行?。?epithelium（上皮細(xì)胞）/supracostal

(肋上的；肋外的)

下lower/inferior:infra-/sub-infracostal肋骨下的/subclavicular(鎖骨下的)/subcutaneous

（皮下的）

前front/anterior/prior:fore-/ante-/pre-Forehead前額/anteroposterior前后的/precirrhosis（前期肝硬變）

后back/posterior:post-/retro-Posthepatic肝后的/postprandial餐后的/retrocardiac

心臟后的

內(nèi)inner/internal:in-/endo-/ento-Inhalation吸入/endoscopy內(nèi)窺鏡檢查/entocranial【解剖學(xué)】顱內(nèi)的外outer/external:ex-/exo-extract取出/excretion（排泄，分泌物）

間between:inter-Intermuscular（肌間的）/intercostal

（肋間部分）

旁/副onthesideof:para-Parathyroid（甲狀旁腺的）/paraprotein（病變蛋白，副蛋白）/pararenal

腎旁的

周,圍around:peri-Perioperative（圍手術(shù)期的）/pericarditis心包炎/peritoneum腹膜

中心central:centri-/centra-/centro-centrifugation離心分離/centralize集中地/centronucleus

中心核

反/對opposite:counter-/contra-Counterpart（副本）/countershock對抗休克/contraindication

禁忌癥注：invivo/in’vaivou/活體內(nèi);invitro/invaitrou/活體外或試管內(nèi)；insitu/in’saitju:/原位

4.與外科手術(shù)有關(guān)切除:-ectomyAppendectomy闌尾切除術(shù)/gastrectomy胃切除術(shù)/splenectomy脾切除術(shù)

切開:-tomyTracheotomy氣管切開術(shù)/hysterotomy子宮切開術(shù)/craniotomy

穿顱術(shù)；顱骨切開術(shù)

切（割）:-tometracheotome氣管切開刀/thoracotome

開胸刀

吻合–stomygastroesophagostomy

胃食管吻合術(shù)

成形術(shù)-plastyTracheoplasty氣管成形術(shù)/osteoplasty[外科]骨成形術(shù)/myoplasty（肌成形術(shù)）

造影:-graphyAngiography血管造影/nephrography腎實(shí)質(zhì)造影/phlebography

（靜脈造影術(shù)）

經(jīng)…:trans-Transabdominal經(jīng)腹的/translateral經(jīng)兩側(cè)的/transurethral

（經(jīng)尿道的）注：

-graphy為方法，如：electrocardigraphy

心電圖檢查術(shù)；graph為儀器，如：electrocardigraph心電圖機(jī)；gram為圖象，文字，如：electrocardiogram心電圖記錄醫(yī)學(xué)英語中的常用詞綴-phasia某種語言的變態(tài)speech演講 heterophasia異語癥 uttering故意提供或傳遞偽造文件罪wordsthataredifferentfromthoseintended異語癥，錯語癥-lalia含糊不清的講話 speech,babble coprolalia 穢語癥compulsiveuseofobscenewords(copromeans“feces”)穢語癥-lexia苛性液葡萄干 reading dyslexia讀寫困難 difficultyinreading讀寫困難-plegia麻痹，癱瘓 paralysis tetraplegia四肢麻痹，四肢癱瘓 paralysisofallfourlimbs四肢麻痹，四肢癱瘓-paresis輕度癱瘓，麻痹性癡呆 partialparalysis部分麻痹 hemiparesis輕偏癱，偏身輕癱 partialparalysisofonesideofthe