（初升高）高一英語(yǔ)銜接班第6講-閱讀理解（一）

（初升高）高一英語(yǔ)銜接班第6講——閱讀理解（一）1一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：了解高中閱讀理解題的特點(diǎn)，掌握應(yīng)對(duì)不同類型閱讀理解題的做題技巧，提高閱讀能力二、學(xué)習(xí)要點(diǎn)：了解閱讀理解題型中事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題的特點(diǎn)，掌握做題技巧了解閱讀理解題型中主旨大意題的特點(diǎn)，掌握做題技巧三、課程精講：（一）重點(diǎn)知識(shí)講解閱讀理解作為高中考查學(xué)生語(yǔ)言能力的重點(diǎn)，《考試大綱》提出了明確的要求：1）能把握閱讀材料的主要線索、時(shí)間和空間順序2）掌握閱讀材料的主旨和大意，以及用以說(shuō)明主旨和大意的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)。3）理解文中具體信息：既能理解具體事實(shí)，也能理解抽象概念。4）根據(jù)材料所提供的信息，通過(guò)上下文推斷生詞的詞義。5）能夠根據(jù)材料所提供的信息，根據(jù)學(xué)生應(yīng)具備的知識(shí)，正確作出簡(jiǎn)單推理和判斷。6）理解文章基本結(jié)構(gòu)，能夠理解某句、某段的含義，并能把握全篇的文脈，并以此進(jìn)行推理和判斷。7）既要理解字面的意義，也要理解深層次含義，也就是理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度。高考英語(yǔ)的閱讀理解也圍繞這一要求來(lái)命題，基本上可分為五類：主旨大意題、細(xì)節(jié)判斷題、綜合信息題、猜測(cè)詞義題、推理判斷題。本節(jié)課我們來(lái)介紹前三類型：1.主旨大意題1）這類題型常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有：What’sthemainideaofthepassage?Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?Fromthepassagewecanlearn/concludethat…Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthethemeofthepassage?Agood/suitabletitleforthispassagewouldbe….2）主題句主題句位于段首：先立論，再擺事實(shí)。例：Peopleusedtositawholelot.Youwouldwalkdownthestreetordrivedowntheroad,andtheretheywouldbeoutonthedoorsteps,sitting.Youcouldgodowntothestoreandsitonthebeachoutfrontinthesummeroraroundthefireinthewinter.Therewerestraight-backedchairs.Thereamongtheoilcansandtiresandspareparts,youcouldkickbackandsit.Whichsentenceisthetopicsentence?主題句位于段末：先擺事實(shí)，后作結(jié)論。例：Sittingisanartthatisn’tgettingpassedalong…Peopleusedtositawholelot…Housesusedtohavesittingrooms,wherethegrown-upswouldgoafterSundaydinner…Thatsortofthinglookslikedoingnoting.Arechargingbattery(正充電的電池)doesn’tlookasifit’sdoinganythingeither.Sittingrestoresyoursoul.Ifyouwanttoenjoyatrulyfulllife,don’tjustdosomething—sitthere.Whatmessagedoestheauthortrytotellus?A.Peopleshouldmakebetteruseoftheirsittingroom.B.PeopleshouldspendlesstimewatchingTV.C.Peopleshouldpassdowntheirgoodhabits.D.Peopleshouldtakethingseasyfortheirowngood.主題句隱含在段意之中：沒(méi)有明顯的主題句，其中心思想包含在各個(gè)句子中。例：Aclosefriendsaid:“IfIcouldonlyfigurethisout,IthinkIcouldfindhappiness.”IhaveheardthisbeforeandwillhearitagainIamsure.Manypeoplebelievethatfindinghappinessisallaboutfindingsomethingelsetheywant.Notmanyhaveeverfoundlongtermhappinessbyachievinganothergoal.Theanswertofindinghappinessistolookwithinyourself.Inotherwords,happinessisacompletelyinsidejob.Themostimportantpiecetofindhappinessistocomprehendhappinessisachoiceandnottheresultofanexperience.Ifallhappinesscouldbefoundastheresultofanacquisition(成就),meetingagoal,orhavinganything,thenaperson’shappinesswouldalwaysbesubjecttosomethingelse.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Lookwithintofindhappiness.B.Happiness,achoiceortheresultofanexperience?C.ThedefinitionofhappinessD.Howcanwecreatehappiness?3）選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)正確選項(xiàng)：不含細(xì)節(jié)信息和表示絕對(duì)意義的詞，能概括文章全部?jī)?nèi)容。錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)：是對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)部分的概括，常含絕對(duì)意義的詞。2.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題1）這類題型常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有：WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue/True?WhichofthefollowingisNOTconsideredas…?Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasoneofthereasonsfor…?What/Who/When/Where/How/Why…?2）做細(xì)節(jié)題要用原文定位法根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，找準(zhǔn)相關(guān)句子、段落的內(nèi)容，再仔細(xì)對(duì)照。Ⅰ.從原文直接找到答案所需的信息。在解答這類題時(shí)，我們可采用“對(duì)號(hào)入座”的方法。例：“ThepopularityofforeignwordsispartoftheJapaneseinterestinanythingnew.”saysuniversitylecturerandwriterTakashiSatio,“Byusingaforeignwordyoucanmakeasubjectseemnew,whichmakesiteasierforthemediatopickup.”WhatadvantagesdoforeignwordshaveovertraditionalJapanesewords?A.Theideasexpressedinforeignwordssoundnew.B.Foreignwordsarebestsuitedforannouncement.C.Foreignwordsmakeanewsubjecteasiertounderstand.D.Theuseofforeignwordsmakesthemediamorepopular.Ⅱ.對(duì)信息進(jìn)行加工。這類題目我們能夠在文章中找到信息，但原文信息又不是做題所直接需要的，因此需要我們對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行合理的加工處理，據(jù)此作簡(jiǎn)單推理。例：Itisdifficultfordoctorstohelpapersonwithadamagedbrain.Withoutenoughblood,thebrainlivesforonlythreetofiveminutes.Moreoftenthedoctorscan’tfixthedamage.Sometimestheyareafraidtotrysomethingtohelpbecauseitisdangeroustoworkonthebrain.Thedoctorsmightmakethepersonworseifheoperatesonthebrain.Thebiggestdifficultyinoperatingonthedamagedbrainisthat________.A.thetimeistooshortfordoctorsB.thepatientsareoftentoonervousC.thedamageisextremelyhardtofixD.theblood-coolingmachinemightbreakdown3.綜合信息題。這類題目的信息不僅僅涉及文章的某一句話，還可能涉及文章的幾句話，而且有時(shí)可能散落在文章的不同段落，因此要求我們把原文提供的信息綜合起來(lái)分析，不能斷章取義，張冠李戴。例：Dr.Whitetriedhisideaon13monkeys.Firsthetaughtthemtododifferentjobs,thenheoperatedonthem.Hemadethemonkeys’bloodgothroughamachine.Themachinecooledtheblood.Thenthemachinesentthebloodbacktothemonkeys’brains.Whenthebrain’stemperaturewas10°C,Dr.Whitestoppedthebloodtothebrain.After30minutesheturnedthebloodbackon.Hewarmedthebloodagain.Aftertheiroperationsthemonkeyswereliketheyhadbeenbefore.Theywerehealthyandbusy.Eachonecouldstilldothejobsthedoctorhadtaughtthem.Whatistherightorderofthestepsintheoperation?a.sendthecooledbloodbacktothebrainb.stopthebloodtothebrainc.havethebloodcooleddownd.operateonthebrainA.a,b,c,d B.c,a,b,d C.c,b,d,a D.b,c,d,a（二）即學(xué)即練AABritishbaby,whosevenweeksagobecametheworld’syoungestheartandlungtransplant(移植)，diedoflungfailuretoday.JemwasonlytenweeksoldwhenhereceivedtheoperationatahospitaloutsideLondon.1.Whichofthefollowingistrue？A.Jemwastheyoungestbaby.B.JemwasaBritishbaby.C.JemwastheyoungestdoctoratahospitaloutsideLondon.D.Jemfailedtooperateonhispatient.2.Howoldwasthebabywhenhedied?A.seventydays B.abouttwenty-onedaysC.about120days D.forty-ninedays3.Thebesttitleforthepassageshouldbe__________A.AnoperationfailureB.ABritishbabyC.HowandwhyJemdiedD.Theworld’syoungestheartandlungtransplantpatientBMrs.Faysavedformonthstobuycoatinthesummersales.Thenafterqueuingforninedaysshesetfiretothecoat,valuedat$795andboughtbyherinthesalefor$79.Aseverywoman’sdreamdisappearedinsmoke,shesaid:“Iamverypleased.Ihatethefurtradebecauseitiscrueltoanimals.150minks(貂)havediedtomakethisjacket.”1.Mrs.Faywas________A.arichlady B.apoorwomanC.ahousewifewithoutmuchmoney D.ahousewifeofwealth2.Sheboughtthecoatformuchlessmoneythanitwasvaluedbecause__________A.therewerefewpeoplebuyingfurcoat.B.thepriceinthesummersaleswaslower.C.shehadnomoremoneyforit.D.thereweremanypeoplebuyingforcoats.3.Mrs.Fayboughtthecoatinorderto__________byburningit.A.pleaseherself B.makethepeoplelookingonsurprisedC.expressherkindnesstoanimals D.dosomethingforanimal-protecting（三）高考鏈接Itisdifficultfordoctorstohelpapersonwithadamagedbrain.Withoutenoughblood,thebrainlivesforonlythreetofiveminutes.Moreoftenthedoctorscan’tfixthedamage.Sometimestheyareafraidtotrysomethingtohelpbecauseitisdangeroustoworkonthebrain.Thedoctorsmightmakethepersonworseifheoperatesonthebrain.Dr.RobertWhite,afamousprofessoranddoctor,thinksheknowsawaytohelp.Hethinksdoctorsshouldmakethebrainverycold.Ifitisverycold,thebraincanlivewithoutbloodfor30minutes.Thisgivesthedoctoralongertimetodosomethingforthebrain.Dr.Whitetriedhisideaon13monkeys.Firsthetaughtthemtododifferentjobs,thenheoperatedonthem.Hemadethemonkeys’bloodgothroughamachine.Themachinecooledtheblood.Thenthemachinesentthebloodbacktothemonkeys’brains.Whenthebrain’stemperaturewas10°C,Dr.Whitestoppedthebloodtothebrain.After30minutesheturnedthebloodbackon.Hewarmedthebloodagain.Aftertheiroperationsthemonkeyswereliketheyhadbeenbefore.Theywerehealthyandbusy.Eachonecouldstilldothejobsthedoctorhadtaughtthem.1.Thebiggestdifficultyinoperatingonthedamagedbrainisthat_______.A.thetimeistooshortfordoctorsB.thepatientsareoftentoonervousC.thedamageisextremelyhardtofixD.theblood-coolingmachinemightbreakdown2.Thebrainoperationwasmadepossiblemainlyby_______.A.takingthebloodoutofthebrainB.tryingtheoperationonmonkeysfirstC.havingthebloodgothroughamachineD.loweringthebrain’stemperature3.WithDr.White’snewidea,theoperationonthedamagedbrain_______.A.canlastaslongas30minutesB.cankeepthebrain’sbloodwarmC.cankeepthepatient’sbrainhealthyD.canhelpmonkeysdodifferentjobs4.Whatistherightorderofthestepsintheoperation?a.sendthecooledbloodbacktothebrainb.stopthebloodtothebrainc.havethebloodcooleddownd.operateonthebrainA.a,b,c,d B.c,a,b,d C.c,b,d,a D.b,c,d,a四、下講預(yù)告下一講將講解閱讀理解題型中推理判斷題和猜測(cè)詞義題的做題技巧?！就骄毩?xí)】（答題時(shí)間：35分鐘）AClivewasclimbinganoldtreeonButterHill.HisfatherandMr.Drewweremakingconversationnotfaraway,whichClivecouldoverhear.“…NorthDakota,capitalBismarck,”saidClive’sfather.“Yes,andofSouthDakotait’sPierre.Delawarenext,capitalDover,withapopulationofonly5,000…”Clivelistened,checkingthenames.WhentheygotstuckonIndiana,hecamedownthetreeandwentacrosstothem.“Letmeseenow,”Mr.Drewwassaying,“Indiana,Indiana…thecapitalmustbeFortWayne.”“No,”saidtheother,“Ithinkit’sEvansville.”“Indianapolis,”saidClive.“That’stheeasiestofalltoremember.”Boththemenlaughed.“He’sright,youknow,”Mr.Drewsaid.Clive’sfatheragreed,“Yes,yes.Indiana,Indianapolis.NowKansas...”Clive,whowasthirteenthen,wasnotverycleveratschool.Butatthemomenthefeltratherproudofhimself.Lookingbacknow,aftermanyyears,Cliverememberssomeofthewayshelearnedgeography.Onethingheremembersclearlyisthe“test”thattookplaceeveryotherweek.Theteacherusedtopinupabigmapontheboard－Chinaperhaps,ortheUnitedStates,AustraliaorEurope－Themapwouldhaveeverythingonit,exceptthenames.Theteacher,pointingwithalong,woodenstick,began.“Ready?Fiftyquestions.Number1-writethenameofthisriver.Number2－thenameofthisstate.3－itscapital,here.4－thenameofthisbay.5...”Clivehasquiteforgottenwhetherheenjoyedlearninggeographyornot.Hedidn’tconsidertherightsorwrongs.Thoughhehasneverstudiedgeographysinceheleftschool,hehasneverforgottenit.Heisgladaboutthewayhelearned.Theworkmighthavebeendull,unexciting;butevenso,thedullnesshasgivenhimalifetimeofinterest,understandingandpleasure.1.Thispassageshowsthatthetwomen_______.A.gaveClivearegulartestingeographyB.wereinterestedingeographyC.likedsomemodernwaysofteachingD.discouragedClive’sfeelingofpride2.Indianapoliswastheeasiestofalltorememberbecause________A.itisthecapitalofthestate.B.itislargerthantheothercitiesinthestate.C.Clivehadlearneditsowell.D.itrepeatsthenameofthestate.3.Inthispassagethemapsweresuitablefortheirpurposebecause_______.A.theydidn’tgiveanynamesB.theyshowedeverythingthatthestudentshadlearntC.theymadethetestinterestingD.theymadeiteasytorememberthings4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Clive’sgeographywaspoor.B.Clive’sgeographyteacherdidn’tteachwell.C.Clive’steachertaughtgeographywell.D.Clivewasproudofhiscleverness.5.Nowthathehasgrownup,Clivethinksthat_______.A.learningplaceisnotallthatimportantB.hisgeographylessonsmusthavebeenenjoyableC.hewasluckytohavebeentaughtinthatwayD.youwon’trememberitunlesstheworkisinterestingBO·HenrywasapennameusedbyanAmericanwriterofshortstories.HisrealnamewasWilliamSydneyPorter.HewasborninNorthCarolinain1862.Asayoungboyhelivedanexcitinglife.Hedidnotgotoschoolforverylong,buthemanagedtoteachhimselfeverythingheneededtoknow.Whenhewasabout20yearsold,O·HenrywenttoTexas,wherehetrieddifferentjobs.Hefirstworkedonanewspaper,andthenhadajobinabank.Whensomemoneywentmissingfromthebank,O·Henrywasbelievedtohavestolenit.Becauseofthat,hewassenttoprison.Duringthethreeyearsinprison,helearnedtowriteshortstories.Afterhegotoutofprison,hewenttoNewYorkandcontinuedwriting.HewrotemostlyaboutNewYorkandthelifeofthepoorthere.Peoplelikedhisstories,becausesimpleasthetaleswere,theywouldfinishwithasuddenchangeattheend,tothereaders’surprise.1.InwhichorderdidO·Henrydothefollowingthings?a.LivedinNewYork. b.Workedinabankc.TravelledtoTexas d.WasputinprisonA.a,b,d,c B.c,b,d,a C.b,d,c,a D.b,d,a,c2.PeopleenjoyedreadingO·Henry’sstoriesbecause_____.A.theyhadsurpriseendings B.th