上海市徐匯區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高二上冊1月期末英語模擬試題（附答案）

上海市徐匯區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期1月期末英語模擬試題I.ListeningComprehension(25’)SectionA(10’)Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Atasupermarket. B.Atasnackbar. C.Atagrocerystore. D.Atafitnessclub.2.A.Confused. B.Surprised. C.Excited. D.Disappointed.3.A.Hecansavetelephoneexpensesbyusingthee-mail.B.Hepreferstomakephonecallstohisfriendsabroad.C.Hisphoneisdisconnectedoutsidethecountry.D.Hisfriendsspendtoomuchmoneyonphonebills.4.A.Goonabusinesstrip. B.MovetoLiverpool.C.Makeaticketreservation. D.Takeavacation.5.A.Sheisexhausted. B.Sheisshort-sighted.C.Shecannotgostraighthome. D.Sheneedstoseeadoctor.6.A.Heusedtobeanexcellentsalesmanager.B.Heistalkingwiththeformersalesmanager.C.Heexpectstogetthepositionofsalesmanager.D.Hewantstoknowifthesalesmanagerisavailable.7.A.Switchoffthetelevisionforawhile.B.Buyanewtelevisionofbetterquality.C.Turndownthevolumeofthetelevision.D.Havesomeonerepairthetelevision.8.A.Thewomanwillprobablymissherflight.B.Thewomanshouldnotsetoffsolate.C.Thewomanshouldwatchthefootballgame.D.Hewilltaketheusualroutetotheairport.9.A.Thewomanisnotgoodatdoingaresearchpaper.B.Thewomanisgoingtonarrowhertopicdown.C.Itwilltakeawhiletogetthewomanontherighttrack.D.Themanisgoingtohelpthewomanimprovethetopic.10.A.Thesurveyresultiscontrarytoeveryone’sexpectation.B.Thelocalshadmorefreetimethankstothebadweather.C.WatchingTVserieswastheonlyalternativeforthelocals.D.Theweatherhasanimpactonthelocals’leisureactivities.SectionB(15’)Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Neglectsomesmalldetailsonpurposetosavetime.B.Readseveralchaptersthreeorfourtimesclosely.C.Developahabitofreadingasaneverydayroutine.D.Getinformationefficientlybyreadingonceortwice.12.A.Developone’sownsystemformarking.B.Underlinemainideasandimportantdetails.C.Markasmuchkeyinformationaspossible.D.Highlightdifferentdetailsinthesamecolor.13.A.Bystudyingthetextbookscarefullyagain.B.Byreviewingonlythemarkedcontent.C.Byfocusingonthenotesinthemargins.D.Bywritingthequestionsinthemargins.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Theyneeddecorationstoshowtheirtaste.B.Theypurchaseprettybutcheaphandicrafts.C.Theypreferuniqueobjectsofhighquality.D.Theyareinterestedinhandicraftbusiness.15.A.Theydon’tcreateatnightanylonger.B.Theycangainrespectfromsociety.C.Theycanformasmallcraftorganization.D.Theycanmeetothercraftsmenforfun.16.A.Toarousepublicinterestincrafts. B.Toattractcrowdsofforeigntourists.C.Tocontributetothelocaleconomy. D.Topreservethetraditionalculture.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Hefindstheeveningcoursecheaper. B.Hehasattendedadaycoursebefore.C.Hehastogotoworkduringtheday. D.Hegetsusedtotheeveningclasses.18.A.Takeacourseindataprocessing. B.Masteranewcomputerlanguage.C.Buyadataprocessingsoftware. D.FinishthecoursebeforeChristmas.19.A.Threehoursaweek,45hoursintotal. B.FromSeptember1toDecember31.C.EveryThursdayfrom7:00to9:45. D.EveryMonday,lastingfor12weeks.20.A.Threehundreddollars. B.Acheckbook.C.Acreditcard. D.Acourseschedule.II.GrammarandVocabulary(30’)SectionA(20’)Directions:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.21._________youmayhave,youshouldgatheryourcouragetofacethechallenge.A.Whatseriousaproblem B.WhataseriousproblemC.Howeveraseriousproblem D.Howeverseriousaproblem22._________isnopossibility_________aforeignercanbeelectedtotheCongress.A.There,that B.It,that C.There,whether D.It,whether23.Researchconfirmsthatrestlesschildrenaremoreeasy-goingwhenthereareanimalsaround,_________companytheytendtocalmdownmoreeasily.A.withtheir B.withouttheir C.withwhose D.withoutwhose24.ItwasnotuntiltheWarofResistanceAgainstJapaneseAggressionendedthat_________tohishometown.A.didhereturn B.didn’thereturned C.hereturned D.hedidn’treturn25.Asourbestfriend,Tanya_________haveknownthetruth,orshewouldhavetoldus.A.mustn’t B.can’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t26._________winstheelectionisgoingtohaveatoughjobgettingtheeconomybackonitsfeet.A.Whoever B.Nomatterwho C.Anyone D.Who27.Commonly_________the“pleasurehormone”,achemicalinyourbraincalleddopamineplaysakeyroleinbringingyoufeelingsofpleasure.A.referringto B.referringtoas C.referredto D.referredtoas28.Alatestsurveyrevealsthattwo-thirdsofthepublicschoolsinLACountyhavemade_________studentsshallwearuniformsatschool.A.arulethat B.itarulethat C.arule D.itarule29.KillingsofAfricanAmericansandotherethnicminorities_________byracialdiscrimination________everynowandthen.A.beingdriven;occur B.beingdriven;occurringC.driven;occur D.driven;occurring30.Whatmadetheschoolproudwas_________morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.A.because B.why C.whether D.that31.Thesecharacteristicscontrastwiththe_________characteristicsthataretypicallyassignedtowomen,suchasbeingmorecaringandkind-hearted.A.impressive B.oppressive C.expressive D.permissive32.ThehighhousingpricesinShanghaimakeit_________forlocalbuyerstolookaroundinotherpartsofChina.A.worth B.worthy C.worthless D.worthwhile33.Theideaofsuspendedcoffee,originatinginItaly,hasbecomeaninternationalinternet_________withcoffeeshopsallovertheworldparticipatinginthemovement.A.sensibility B.sensitivity C.sensation D.sense34.Wequestionthe_________ofthepolicyandwhetheritviolatestheregulationgoverningthetreatmentofpassengerswithdisabilities.A.illegality B.legality C.disqualification D.qualification35.Hissisterwastoo_________tolookatthesceneoftheaccident,sotheybothstayedathome,waitingforthepolicementocome.A.desperate B.scared C.intense D.neutral36.Despitethosedifferences,itturnedoutthattwogirlshadmanythingsincommon,sothey_________thefirsttimetheymeteachother.A.hititoff B.digitup C.pickitout D.breakitdown37.Despitewhatyoumaythink,mostcompanieswithconscienceare_________topeoplewhocannotaffordrepayments.A.enthusiastic B.mean C.mechanical D.sympathetic38.Iamnot_________withmyroommatebutIhavetosharetheroomwithherbecauseIhavenowhereelsetolive.A.consistent B.competent C.compatible D.comprehensible39.Onethingiscertainaboutglobalization—itis_________.Advancesintechnologycombinedwithmoreopening-uppolicieshavealreadycreatedaninterconnectedworld.A.irrecoverable B.irreversible C.irresponsible D.irreplaceable40.Drinkingtoomuchteamaydoharmtoourhealthbecauseitcaninterferewiththe_________ofiron.A.absorption B.consumption C.composition D.nutritionSectionB(10’)Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.ceaselesslyB.consistsC.flavoredD.marketsE.modestF.perfectG.presenceH.spreadI.registeredJ.sightsK.specificallyOppositeauniversitycampusontheoutskirtsofJakarta,motorbikeslinethefrontofRickySalim’sice-creamandteastore,oneofthousandsofMixuefranchiseownersacrossAsia.ThisChinesefirm,whichbuiltitsbrandsellingteasandsoft-serveice-creaminsmallerChinesecitieswithrelatively___41___averageincomes,isexportingitsmodelacrossSouth-EastAsia.Itsnearly22,000franchisedstoresworldwidehavemadeitthefifth-largestfast-foodchainintheworld.PartofthereasonforMixue’ssuccess___42___insellingAsia’sfavouritedrink:bubbletea,amilkyteacontainingchewytapiocaballs.InChina,themarketforthese___43___teaswastwicethatforcoffeein2021,witha$20bnturnover,accordingtoMomentumWorks,aresearchfirminSingapore.AsgrowthhasslowedinChina,bubble-teabrandshavesettheir___44___onSouth-EastAsia,wherethemarketwasworth$4bn.SeveralotherlargeChineseteabrands,includingHeyTea,NayukiTea,ChaGeeandHappyLemon,havealsomovedintotheregion.Yetnoready-madebubble-teachainhas___45___fasterthanMixue,whichopeneditsfirststoreinVietnamin2018.ByMarchithadaround1,500storesinIndonesia;thefirmwantstodoubleits___46___therebytheendofthisyear.Unlikefancierbubble-teabrands,Mixue___47___itselfascheapandcheerful,ratherthantrendy.Itsviralsonghasbeentranslatedinto20languagesandisoftenplayed___48___initsfranchises.“WhatittookourChinateamtenor20yearstofigureout,we’vebeenableto___49___injustoneyearbylearningfromtheirexperiences,”saysMr.Hartanto.Mixue’sbiggestambitionsforgrowthareincountrieswithemergingeconomiesandmanyyoungpeople.YetoverthepastyearMixuestoreshavealsoopenedinAustralia,Japan,SingaporeandSouthKorea,andthefirmhas___50___itstrademarkinmarketsfromEuropeandAmericatoUzbekistan.IthasannouncedplansforaninitialpublicofferingontheShenzhenStockExchange.Thesingingsnowmaniscomingyourway.III.ReadingComprehension(45’)SectionA(15’)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Today’syouthwilldrivetomorrow’sgrowth.Youngpeoplehavealwaysconfusedtheirelders.Today’syoungstersarenodifferent.Theyhavethinwalletsbut___51___tastes.Theylongforauthenticitywhilebeingconstantlyimmersedinanartificialdigitalworld.They___52___convenienceandabundance.Astheystartspendinginearnest,brandsaretryingtounderstandwhatthesewalkingparadoxes(悖論)___53___andhowtheyshop.Theanswerswilldefinethenexteraofconsumerism.Agoodplacetostartanalyzingthepsycheofyoungconsumeristoconsiderthe___54___thathasshapedthem.Atoneendofthescale,today’s30-somethingscameofageinthemidstoftheglobalfinancialcrisisof2007-2009.Theiryoungerpeerswereslightly___55___,beginningtheircareersinyearswhentighteninglabourmarketshadpushedupwagesuntilthecovid-19pandemicturnedmanyoftheirlivesupsidedown.Thesetwobig___56___havecontributedtopessimismamongtheyoungpeoplewhoexperiencedthem.Astudyfoundawidespread___57___amongGenZsthattheywouldbeabletoaffordtoretire.Lessthanhalfbelievedtheywouldeverownahome.Inmanywaysyoungsters’shoppinghabits,liketheirlives,aredefinedbythe“___58___economy”.Thepopularityofsocialmediameanstherearemanynewwaysofattractingconsumers’eyeballs.Mostyoungshoppersneverknewaworldwithoutsmartphones.Morethantwo-thirdsof18-to34-year-oldAmericansspendfourhoursormoreontheirdeviceseachday.These“always-onpurchasers”oftenavoidaweeklyshopsothattheycanhavequicker___59___ofeverythingfromfashiontofurniture.Theylikesubscriptions,oftenfavoringsharedaccesstoproductsoveroutrightownership,whichhas___60___online-rentalsitesandstreamingservices.Theinternethasalsochangedhowtheyoungdiscoverbrands.Print,billboardorTVadvertisinghas___61___socialmedia.InstagramandTikTokarewheretheyounglookforinspiration,particularlyforgoodswhere___62___matter,suchasbeauty,fashion,andsportswear.___63___physicalshopsarenotentirelyoutoffavor.Theycanbesuccessfulaslongastheexperiencefeelspersonaland,ideally,integratesvirtualandphysicalworlds.Howtheyoungshopisclearlyshifting.Whattheybuy,too,ischanging.Whatoldergenerationsconsideroptional,suchaswellnessandluxury,hasbecome___64___fortheyoung.Morebroadly,youngconsumersclaimtobemore___65___thanpreviousgenerations.Someofthesevaluesarecenteredaroundidentity(race,genderandsoon).Othersstemfromthingstheyoungcareabout,suchasclimatechange.51.A.pleasant B.expensive C.mild D.refreshing52.A.prize B.boast C.mix D.challenge53.A.recycle B.desire C.deliver D.package54.A.education B.institution C.family D.economy55.A.busier B.luckier C.stronger D.calmer56.A.reforms B.ends C.trends D.shocks57.A.doubt B.opposition C.criticism D.ignorance58.A.bubble B.attention C.knowledge D.green59.A.refunds B.possessions C.fixes D.trials60.A.approved B.facilitated C.reversed D.updated61.A.madepeacewith B.madeupfor C.runparallelto D.givenwayto62.A.looks B.scents C.textures D.atmospheres63.A.However B.Hence C.Apparently D.Otherwise64.A.souvenirs B.essentials C.memories D.treasures65.A.dream-connectedB.hobbies-motivated C.values-driven D.money-focusedSectionB(22’)Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Worthnearly$1trn,istheworld’ssixth-most-valuablecompany.Itsrevenueshavegrownby56%inthepastyear,anditssharepricebymorethanaquarter.Nearly3bnpeopleuseitsproductseverymonth.Whywouldsuchaglitteringsuccesschangeitsname,astheVerge,anewssite,reportsitplanstowithindays?ThelikelyofficialreasonfortherebrandingisthatthefirmhasoutgrownthesocialnetworkthatMarkZuckerbergstarted17yearsagoinaHarvarddorm.Todayitincludesothersocialapps(Instagram,WhatsApp,Messenger)andvideohardware(Oculus,Portal).Ithaslaunchedadigitalwallet(Novi)andmayyetofferacurrency(Diem).Mr.Zuckerbergexpectspeopleeventuallytoassociatehisfirmmorewiththe“metaverse”,avirtualceforwork,playandmore,thanwithsocialmedia.Ifthenetworkistotakeabackseat,theremaybeacaseforregroupingunderanewname.wouldn’tbethefirsttechgianttodoso.In2015GooglesetupAlphabet,aholdingcompanyforthesearchengineanditsmanysideprojects.Underthismodel,wouldbecomejustanotherappwithinawiderfamily,thoughbyfaritsbiggestearner.Thereisanotherpossiblemotiveforamakeover.Forallitsfinancialsuccess,thebrandhasbecometarnished.Thesocialnetworkisblamedforfuelingeverythingfromteenageanorexia(厭食癥)touprisingattheUSCapitol.ThismonthFrancesHaugen,aformeremployee,toldCongressthatwasfailingtomoderatecontentonitsplatformandcoveringupadropinyoungAmericanusers(itdeniesthis).Publictrustinitislowerthaninmosttechgiants,andfalling.Althoughtwoyearsagothefirmstartedbrandingitsappsasbeing“from”,itsnew“smartglasses”,whichcanrecordvideoandtakephonecalls,featureonlythelogoofitspartner,Ray-Ban.Mr.Zuckerberghimselfhasbeenareasonformuchofthecriticismof,andofbossytechfirmsmoregenerally.Astheall-powerfulfounder,hehasahigherprofilethanhisoppositenumbersatTikTok,andothersocialnetworks.Normally,abrandfacingareputationalcrisismightdumpitsunpopularCEO.ButMr.Zuckerberg’spositionisunassailable(難以撼動(dòng)的),whichmayexplainwhyhewouldwanttodumpthebrandinstead.66.planstochangeitsnamemainlybecause__________.A.itwantspeopletoassociateitsnamewithsocialmediaB.itistryingtofollowthefashionledbyGoogleC.itlookstoexpanditsbusinesstoawiderrangeD.itsformernamehasbroughtbadreputationtothecompany67.Whatcanwelearnaboutfromthepassage?A.ItwasfoundedbyZuckerberginhiscollegedormitory.B.Ithasafavorableinfluenceonteenagers’mindandbehavior.C.ItisaspopularamongyoungstersintheUSasitusedtobe.D.Itproducedsmartglasseswithitslogoonit.68.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tarnished”meaninthepassage?A.abandoned B.discriminated C.globalized D.compromised69.Thispassageismostlikelytoappearin__________.A.asciencereview B.abusinessmagazineC.atechnicalreport D.thewebsiteof(B)emails...etsbusy.Digitaloverloadisreal:photos,apps,emails...ourdevicescanbeablessing—andacurse.Sowhenitcomestothehumblefoodshopyoumightbereticentaboutaddinganotherrewardsapptoyourbulgingvirtualwallet.Aretheyworthit?Notonlythat,someseemsocomplicatedthattheyrequireEnigmacode-levelmasterytocrack.Well,holdthatthought,becausetheAsdaRewardsAppisalittledifferent.CustomersusingAsdaRewardsearnpoundsnotpoints,buildingupaCashpottospendatAsdainstoreoronline.It’seasyandengagingtouseandthereareotherbenefitstoo,suchashelpingyoutosaveforChristmas.WhenyoubuysomethingfromAsda,youcanscaneverytimetoearnpoundsnotpoints.You’llseeyourtotalinyourCashpotontheapp.YoucanredeemtheCashpotasvouchers(代金券)touseagainstmoreoftheitemsyoulove.ThereareanumberofwaysyoucanbuildupyourCashpot—andthisisontopofthealreadygreatpricesonhouseholdfavourites.CompleteyourfirstshopandyouwillgetaFirstScanBonusworth￡5,togetyoustarted.In-appSuperstarMissions—soundsveryJamesBond—couldbeanythingfrombuyingcertainproductstopickingupsomethingtastyforthefamilydinner.KeepaneyeoutforspeciallyselectedStarProducts.Buyingthesewillearnyou10percentoftheirprice.CompletevariousmilestonemissionsbyreachingsetspendingtargetstobuildyourCashpotfaster.There’snobettertimetodownloadtheappthanthisSeptembertotakeadvantageofAsda’sSpintheWheel.Everyonewhospins,wins.Whenyouspend￡5ormoreyougetthechancetospinthewheeltorevealaCashpotprize.Youcouldwinanythingfrom100...to￡100...justlikethat.70.HowdoesAsdadifferfromotherrewardsapps?A.Itiscomplicatedtonavigatebutengaging.B.Subscriberscanredeempointsforfreegifts.C.Everyonecaneasilycrackthecodetogetmoney.D.Cashrewardsareavailableforfurtherpurchases.71.It’srecommendedtodownloadtheappinthisSeptemberinthatyoucan__________.A.earnaFirstScanBonuswhencompletingtheinitialpurchase.B.enjoya10percentdiscountonspeciallyselectedStarProducts.C.winthechancetoseeJamesBondinapublicitycampaign.D.drawonthein-applotterymechanismtoobtainextrabonus.72.WhichstepcontributestosavingmoreforChristmasontheapp?A.Savingmorethan40AsdaPoundstoclaimtheaddedbonus.B.Startingasearlyaspossibletostayaheadofotherusers.C.PuttingoffallholidaypurchasesuntilChristmasEve.D.Spendingexcessivemoneyon‘SpintheWheel’towinbig.(C)Inthefogofuncertaintyabouthownewtechnologywillchangethewaywework,policymakersaroundtheworldsayconfidentlythatwewillneedtoupskilltheworkforceinordertocope.Theviewsoundsreassuringlysensible:ifcomputersaregrowingsmarter,humanswillneedtolearntousethemorbereplacedbythem.Butthetruthis,thepeoplewhoarebeing“upskilled”intoday’seconomyaretheoneswhoneedittheleast.Researchshowsthatworkerswithdegreesareoverthreetimesmorelikelytoparticipateintrainingasadultsthanworkerswithnoqualifications.Thatcreatesavirtuouscircleforthosewhodidwellatschool,andaviciouscircleforthosewhodidnot.Iftherobotsarecomingforboththeaccountantsandthetaxidrivers,youcanbetitisthoseworkingwithmoneythatwillbemoreabletoretrainthemselvesoutofdanger,becausethebettereducatedtendtohavemoreconfidenceandmoneytopayfortheirowntraining.Employersalsoinvestintheseworkersmore.IntheUK,asurprisingnumberofemployerssendtheirseniormanagerstobusinessschools.Itisnogoodblamingemployersfordirectinginvestmentsattheirhighly-skilledworkers.Theyaresimplyaimingforthehighestreturntheycanget.And,forsometypesoflower-paidwork,itisnotalwaystruethattechnologicalprogressrequiresmoreskills.Sometimes,technologycande-skillajob.JustlookatUberdriverswhofollowthedrivingroutessetbytheirapp,ratherthanexpandingtheirownknowledgeofthestreets.TheUK’slatestEmploymentandSkillsSurveysuggeststheuseofliteracyandnumeracyskillsatworkhasfallensince2012,evenastheuseofcomputershasincreased.However,thetroubleis,whenthecomputermakesyourjobeasieroneday,itmightmakeitredundantthenext.Manyofthoseaffectedbyautomationwillneedtoswitchoccupations,orevenindustries.Butaretailerorwarehousecompanyisnotgoingtoretrainitsstafftohelpthemmovetoadifferentsector.Itistimetorevisitolderideas.TheUKoncehadavibrantcultureofnightschools,foradultstoattendaftertheirdayjobs.Arevivalofitcouldbeexactlywhatthe21stcenturyneeds.Ratherthanjust“upskilling”inanarrowway,peoplecouldchoosetolearnanentirelynewskillortrade,orexploreintereststheyneverhadachancetonurturebefore.Itisstillnotclearwhethertheimpactofnewtechnologyonthelabourmarketwillcomeinatrickleoraflood.Butinanalreadyunequalworld,continuingtoreserveallthelifeboatsforthebetter-offwouldbeadangerousmistake.73.Accordingtothewriter,policymakers’beliefinupskillingtheworkforce__________.A.iscontrarytopopularbelief B.ishelpfulincopingwithnewtechnologyC.istoodifficulttoputitintopractice D.isnotbeneficialtothosewhoneeditmost74.Itcanbeinferredthatworkerswithoutqualificationsarelesslikelyto__________.A.haveconfidenceinoutperformingthosewithdegreesatschoolB.persuadetheiremployerstomakeaninvestmentinthemC.minimizetheriskofjoblosscausedbynewtechnologyD.assesshownewtechnologywillchangethewaytheywork75.Theword“redundant”(Para.3)probablymeans__________.A.unnecessary B.undesirable C.unskilled D.unrewarding76.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingconclusionisTrue?A.Workers’literacyandnumeracyskillsshouldbeenhancedwithoutdelay.B.Nightschoolscanhelptoeliminateskillgapsamongworkers.C.Companiesshouldattachmuchimportancetoretrainingofworkers.D.Thoselower-skilledworkersdeservegivingmorechancesofretraining.SectionC(8’)Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Thiswilldepriveyourbodyofvitalenergyneeds.B.Thisdisorientsyourcircadianrhythmandputsyourbodyinfullmode.C.Itisessentialthat,bythetimeyouarereadytosleep,yourbodyisridofalltraces.D.Scientistshavelimitedabilitiestocreatedurablemodificationsofchronobiologicaldemands.E.Nightpeople,forexample,findithardtooperateduringthemorning,butbecomealertbyevening.F.Afterall,whoneedscircadianrhythmswhenwehavecaffeinepillsandcitiesthatneversleep?MakingtimeforscienceChronobiologists(時(shí)間生物學(xué)家)areinterestedinwhatisknownasthecircadian(生理節(jié)奏的)rhythm.Thisisthecompletecycleourbodiesarenaturallymadetoundergowithinthepassageofatwenty-four-hourday.Asidefromsleepingatnightandwakingduringtheday,eachcycleinvolvesmanyfactors.Noteveryonehasanidenticalcircadianrhythm.___77______78___Recenttherapeuticdevelopmentsforhumanssuchasartificiallightmachinesandmelatoninadministrationcanresetourcircadianrhythms,forexample,butourbodiescantellthedifferenceandhealthsufferswhenwebreakthesenaturalrhythmsforextendedperiodsoftime.Knowledgeofchronobiologicalpatternscanhavemanyrealisticimplicationsforourday-to-daylives.Whilecontemporarylivingcansometimesappeartoovercomebiology—___79___—keepinginthesamepacewithourbodyclockisimportant.p.m.r-dinnercoffeesarebecomingmoreofatradition,buttoprepareforagoodnight’ssleepwearebetteroffputtingthebrakesoncaffeineconsumptionasearlyas3p.m.Withasevenhourhalf-life,acupofcoffeecontaining90mgofcaffeinetakenatthishourcouldstillleave45mgofcaffeineinyournervoussystematteno’clockthatevening.Eveningsareimportantforwindingdownbeforesleep;however,dietitianGeraldineGeorgeouwarnsthatanafter-five-fastismoreculturalmyththanchronobiologicaldemand.___80___However,overloadingyourgutcouldleadtoindigestion.Ourdigestivetractsdonotshutdownforthenightentirely,buttheirworkslowstoacrawlasourbodiesprepareforsleep.Consumingamodestsnackshouldbeentirelysufficient.IV.Grammar(10’)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Theinternetanditsculturalimpactaremostoftenviewedthroughthelensofthe“techbro”.Biographies,andmemoirsaboutthesebig-techbosseshaveshapedreaders’understandingof(81)__________theonlineworldchangestheofflineone.Butthesebooksrarelymentiontheprincipalfigureswhohaveshapedtheexperie