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高考數(shù)學(xué)試題分類匯編—簡易邏輯一、選取題:(高考山東卷理科3)設(shè)a>0a≠1,則“函數(shù)f(x)=ax在R上是減函數(shù)”,是“函數(shù)g(x)=(2-a)SKIPIF1<0在R上是增函數(shù)”A充分不必要條件B必要不充分條件C充分必要條件D既不充分也不必要條件(高考福建卷理科3)下列命題中,真命題是()A.B.C.充要條件是D.是充分條件(高考北京卷理科3)設(shè)a,b∈R,“a=0”是“復(fù)數(shù)a+bi是純虛數(shù)”(A.充分而不必要條件B.必要而不充分條件C.充分必要條件D.既不充分也不必要條件(高考浙江卷理科3)設(shè)aR,則“a=1”是“直線l1:ax+2y-1=0與直線l2:x+(a+1)y+4=0平行”A.充分不必要條件B.必要不充分條件C.充分必要條件D.既不充分也不必要條件【答案】A【解析】當a=1時,直線l1:x+2y-1=0與直線l2:x+2y+4=0顯然平行;若直線l1與直線l2平行,則有:,解之得:a=1ora=﹣2.所覺得充分不必要條件.(高考遼寧卷理科4)已知命題p:SKIPIF1<0x1,x2SKIPIF1<0R,(f(x2)SKIPIF1<0f(x1))(x2SKIPIF1<0x1)≥0,則SKIPIF1<0p是(A)SKIPIF1<0x1,x2SKIPIF1<0R,(f(x2)SKIPIF1<0f(x1))(x2SKIPIF1<0x1)≤0(B)SKIPIF1<0x1,x2SKIPIF1<0R,(f(x2)SKIPIF1<0f(x1))(x2SKIPIF1<0x1)≤0(C)SKIPIF1<0x1,x2SKIPIF1<0R,(f(x2)SKIPIF1<0f(x1))(x2SKIPIF1<0x1)<0(D)SKIPIF1<0x1,x2SKIPIF1<0R,(f(x2)SKIPIF1<0f(x1))(x2SKIPIF1<0x1)<0【答案】C【解析】命題p為全稱命題,因此其否定SKIPIF1<0p應(yīng)是特稱命題,又(f(x2)SKIPIF1<0f(x1))(x2SKIPIF1<0x1)≥0否定為(f(x2)SKIPIF1<0f(x1))(x2SKIPIF1<0x1)<0,故選C.【考點定位】本題重要考查具有量詞命題否定,屬于容易題。(高考新課標全國卷理科3)下面是關(guān)于復(fù)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0四個命題:其中真命題為()SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0共軛復(fù)數(shù)為SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0虛部為SKIPIF1<0 SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0 SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0(高考湖北卷理科2)命題“SKIPIF1<0x0∈CRQ,SKIPIF1<0∈Q”否定是()ASKIPIF1<0x0?CRQ,SKIPIF1<0∈QBSKIPIF1<0x0∈CRQ,SKIPIF1<0?QCSKIPIF1<0x0?CRQ,SKIPIF1<0∈QDSKIPIF1<0x0∈CRQ,SKIPIF1<0?Q【答案】D【解析】存在性命題否定是全稱命題:SKIPIF1<0x0∈CRQ,SKIPIF1<0?Q,故選D.【考點定位】本小題考查存在性命題否定是全稱命題.這兩種特殊命題否定是高考熱點問題之一,幾乎年年必考,同窗們必要純熟掌握.(高考湖南卷理科2)命題“若α=SKIPIF1<0,則tanα=1”逆否命題是A.若α≠SKIPIF1<0,則tanα≠1B.若α=SKIPIF1<0,則tanα≠1C.若tanα≠1,則α≠SKIPIF1<0D.若tanα≠1,則α=SKIPIF1<0(高考陜西卷理科3)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0是虛數(shù)單位,則“SKIPIF1<0”是“復(fù)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0為純虛數(shù)”()(A)充分不必要條件(B)必要不充分條件(C)充分必要條件(D)既不充分也不必要條件(高考天津卷理科2)設(shè),則“”是“為偶函數(shù)”(A)充分而不必要條件(B)必要而不充分條件(C)充分必要條件(D)既不充分也不必要條件(高考江西卷理科5)下列命題中,假命題為()A.存在四邊相等四邊形不是正方形B.為實數(shù)充分必要條件是為共軛復(fù)數(shù)C.若R,且則至少有一種不不大于1D.對于任意都是偶數(shù)(高考四川卷理科7)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0都是非零向量,下列四個條件中,使SKIPIF1<0成立充分條件是()A、SKIPIF1<0B、SKIPIF1<0C、SKIPIF1<0D、SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0(高考重慶卷理科7)已知是定義在R上偶函數(shù),且以2為周期,則“為[0,1]上增函數(shù)”是“為[3,4]上減函數(shù)”(A)既不充分也不必要條件(B)充分而不必要條件(C)必要而不充分條件(D)充要條件二、填空題:1.(高考四川卷理科16)記SKIPIF1<0為不超過實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0最大整數(shù),例如,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0。設(shè)SKIPIF1<0為正整數(shù),數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,既有下列命題:①當SKIPIF1<0時,數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0前3項依次為5,3,2;②對數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0都存在正整數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,當SKIPIF1<0時總有SKIPIF1<0;③當SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0;④對某個正整數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0。其中真命題有____________。(寫出所有真命題編號)三、解答題:(高考湖南卷理科19)(本小題滿分12分)已知數(shù)列{an}各項均為正數(shù),記A(n)=a1+a2+……+an,B(n)=a2+a3+……+an+1,C(n)=a3+a4+……+an+2,n=1,2,……若a1=1,a2=5,且對任意n∈N﹡,三個數(shù)A(n),B(n),C(n)構(gòu)成等差數(shù)列,求數(shù)列{an}通項公式.證明:數(shù)列{an}是公比為q等比數(shù)列充分必要條件是:對任意SKIPIF1<0,三個數(shù)(高考重慶卷理科21)(本小題滿分12分,(I)小問5分,(II)小問7分。)設(shè)數(shù)列前項和滿足,其中。(I)求證:是首項為1等比數(shù)列;(II)若,求證:,并給出等號成立充要條件。(高考安徽卷理科21)(本小題滿分13分)數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0滿足:SKIPIF1<0(=1\*ROMANI)證明:數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0是單調(diào)遞減數(shù)列充分必要條件是SKIPIF1<0(=2\*ROMANII)求SKIPIF1<0取值范疇,使數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0是單調(diào)遞增數(shù)列。高考數(shù)學(xué)試題分類匯編—簡易邏輯一、選取題:1.(高考浙江卷理科7)若SKIPIF1<0為實數(shù),則“SKIPIF1<0”是SKIPIF1<0(A)充分而不必要條件(B)必要而不充分條件(C)充分必要條件(D)既不充分也不必要條件2.(高考天津卷理科2)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0則“SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0”是“SKIPIF1<0”A.充分而不必要條件B.必要而不充分條件C.充分必要條件D.即不充分也不必要條件【答案】A【解析】由SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0,但反之不成立,故選A.3.(高考安徽卷理科7)命題“所有能被2整除數(shù)都是偶數(shù)”否定是(A)所有不能被2整除數(shù)都是偶數(shù)(B)所有能被2整除數(shù)都不是偶數(shù)(C)存在一種不能被2整除數(shù)是偶數(shù)(D)存在一種能被2整除數(shù)不是偶數(shù)【答案】D【命題意圖】本題考查全稱命題否定.屬容易題.【解析】把全稱量詞改為存在量詞,并把成果否定.【解題指引】:要注意命題否定與否命題之間區(qū)別與聯(lián)系。4.(高考全國新課標卷理科10)已知a與b均為單位向量,其夾角為SKIPIF1<0,有下列四個命題SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0其中真命題是(A)SKIPIF1<0(B)SKIPIF1<0(C)SKIPIF1<0(D)SKIPIF1<0答案:A解析:由SKIPIF1<0可得,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0故選D點評:該題考查平面向量概念、數(shù)量積運算以及三角函數(shù)值與角取值范疇,要純熟把握概念及運算。5.(高考湖南卷理科2)設(shè)集合M={1,2},N={a2},則“a=1”是“NSKIPIF1<0M”A.充分不必要條件B.必要不充分條件C.充分必要條件D.既不充分又不必要條件答案:A解析:當a=1時,N={1}SKIPIF1<0M,滿足充分性;而當N={a2}SKIPIF1<0M時,可得a=1或a=-1,不滿足必要性。故選A評析:本小題重要考查集合間基本關(guān)系以及充分、必要條件鑒定.6.(高考湖北卷理科9)若實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則稱SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0互補,記SKIPIF1<0那么SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0與b互補A.必要而不充分條件 B.充分而不必要條件 C.充要條件 D.既不充分也不必要條件答案:C解析:由SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,化簡得SKIPIF1<0,即ab=0,故SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,故選C.7.(高考陜西卷理科1)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0是向量,命題“若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0”逆命題是(A)若SKIPIF1<0則SKIPIF1<0(B)若SKIPIF1<0則SKIPIF1<0(C)若SKIPIF1<0則SKIPIF1<0(D)若SKIPIF1<0則SKIPIF1<010.(高考全國卷理科3)下面四個條件中,使SKIPIF1<0成立充分而不必要條件是(A)SKIPIF1<0(B)SKIPIF1<0(C)SKIPIF1<0(D)SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【解析】SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0故選A。11.(高考福建卷理科2)若aSKIPIF1<0R,則a=2是(a-1)(a-2)=0 A.充分而不必要條件 B.必要而不充分條件 C.充要條件 C.既不充分又不必要條件【答案】A【解析】由a=2一定得到(a-1)(a-2)=0,但反之不成立,故選A.12.(高考上海卷理科18)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0是各項為正數(shù)無窮數(shù)列,SKIPIF1<0是邊長為SKIPIF1<0矩形面積(SKIPIF1<0),則SKIPIF1<0為等比數(shù)列充要條件為 () A.SKIPIF1<0是等比數(shù)列。 B.SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0是等比數(shù)列。 C.SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0均是等比數(shù)列。 D.SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0均是等比數(shù)列,且公比相似?!敬鸢浮緿二、填空題:1.(高考陜西卷理科12)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,一元二次方程SKIPIF1<0有整數(shù)根沖要條件是SKIPIF1<0【答案】3或4【解析】:由韋達定理得SKIPIF1<0又SKIPIF1<0因此SKIPIF1<0則SKIPIF1<0三、解答題:1.(高考北京卷理科20)(本小題共13分) 若數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0數(shù)列,記SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0. (Ⅰ)寫出一種滿足SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0〉0SKIPIF1<0數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0; (Ⅱ)若SKIPIF1<0,n=,證明:E數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0是遞增數(shù)列充要條件是SKIPIF1<0=; (Ⅲ)對任意給定整數(shù)n(n≥2),與否存在首項為0E數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0=0?如果存在,寫出一種滿足條件E數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0;如果不存在,闡明理由。 因此a—a≤19999,即a≤a1+1999. 又由于a1=12,a=, 因此a=a1+1999. 故SKIPIF1<0是遞增數(shù)列. 綜上,結(jié)論得證。 (Ⅲ)令SKIPIF1<0 由于SKIPIF1<0 …… SKIPIF1<0因此SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0由于SKIPIF1<0因此SKIPIF1<0為偶數(shù),因此要使SKIPIF1<0為偶數(shù),即4整除SKIPIF1<0.當SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0時,有SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0當SKIPIF1<0項滿足,SKIPIF1<0當SKIPIF1<0不能被4整除,此時不存在E數(shù)列An,使得SKIPIF1<0高考數(shù)學(xué)試題分類匯編—邏輯(湖南理數(shù))2.下列命題中假命題是A.SKIPIF1<0B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0D.SKIPIF1<0(遼寧理數(shù))(11)已知a>0,則x0滿足關(guān)于x方程ax=6充要條件是(A)SKIPIF1<0(B)SKIPIF1<0(C)SKIPIF1<0(D)SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【命題立意】本題考查了二次函數(shù)性質(zhì)、全稱量詞與充要條件知識,考查了學(xué)生構(gòu)造二次函數(shù)解決問題能力。(北京理數(shù))(6)a、b為非零向量?!癝KIPIF1<0”是“函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0為一次函數(shù)”(A)充分而不必要條件(B)必要不充分條件(C)充分必要條件(D)既不充分也不必要條件答案:B(廣東理數(shù))5.“SKIPIF1<0”是“一元二次方程SKIPIF1<0”有實數(shù)解A.充分非必要條件B.充分必要條件C.必要非充分條件D.非充分必要條件【答案】5.A.由SKIPIF1<0知,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0.(湖北理數(shù))10.記實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,……SKIPIF1<0中最大數(shù)為maxSKIPIF1<0,最小數(shù)為minSKIPIF1<0。已知ABC三邊長位a,b,c(SKIPIF1<0),定義它親傾斜度為SKIPIF1<0則“SKIPIF1<0=1”是“SKIPIF1<0ABC為等邊三角形”A.必要而不充分條件B.充分而不必要條件C.充要條件D.既不充分也不必要條件則SKIPIF1<0,此時l=1仍成立但△ABC不為等邊三角形,因此A對的.(湖南理數(shù))2.下列命題中假命題是A.SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<02x-1>0B.SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0D.SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0高考數(shù)學(xué)試題分類匯編—邏輯4.(浙江理)已知SKIPIF1<0是實數(shù),則“SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0”是“SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0”()A.充分而不必要條件B.必要而不充分條件C.充分必要條件D.既不充分也不必要條件答案:C【解析】對于“SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0”可以推出“SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0”,反之也是成立5.(浙江理)已知SKIPIF1<0是實數(shù),則“SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0”是“SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0”()A.充分而不必要條件B.必要而不充分條件C.充分必要條件D.既不充分也不必要條件34.(天津卷理)命題“存在SKIPIF1<0R,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<00”否定是(A)不存在SKIPIF1<0R,SKIPIF1<0>0(B)存在SKIPIF1<0R,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<00(C)對任意SKIPIF1<0R,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<00(D)對任意SKIPIF1<0R,SKIPIF1<0>0【考點定位】本小考查四種命題改寫,基本題。解析:由題否定即“不存在SKIPIF1<0,使SKIPIF1<0”,故選取D。37.(上海卷理)SKIPIF1<0是“實系數(shù)一元二次方程SKIPIF1<0有虛根”(A)必要不充分條件(B)充分不必要條件(C)充要條件(D)既不充分也不必要條件高考數(shù)學(xué)試題分類匯編—簡易邏輯選取題:SKIPIF1<0,那么集合SKIPIF1<0等于(D)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0(四川卷1)設(shè)集合SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(B)(A)SKIPIF1<0(B)SKIPIF1<0(C)SKIPIF1<0(D)SKIPIF1<0(天津卷1)設(shè)集合SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0A(A)SKIPIF1<0(B)SKIPIF1<0(C)SKIPIF1<0(D)SKIPIF1<0(安徽卷2).集合SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0則下列結(jié)論對的是(D)A.SKIPIF1<0 B. SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D. SKIPIF1<0A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4((浙江卷2)已知U=R,A=SKIPIF1<0,B=SKIPIF1<0,則(ASKIPIF1<0D(A)SKIPIF1<0(B)SKIPIF1<0(C)SKIPIF1<0(D)SKIPIF1<0(遼寧卷1)已知集合SKIPIF1<0,則集合SKIPIF1<0=(D)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0填空題:(江蘇卷4)A=SKIPIF1<0,則ASKIPIF1<0Z元素個數(shù).0(重慶卷11)設(shè)集合U={1,2,3,4,5},A={2,4},B={3,4,5},C={3,4},則SKIPIF1<0=.SKIPIF1<0高考數(shù)學(xué)試題分類匯編—簡易邏輯(江西)設(shè)p:f(x)=ex+Inx+2x2+mx+l在(0,+∞)內(nèi)單調(diào)遞增,q:m≥-5,則p是q()CA.充分不必要條件B.必要不充分條件C.充分必要條件D.既不充分也不必要條件(寧夏)已知命題SKIPIF1<0:SKIPIF1<0,則()CA.SKIPIF1<0B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0D.SKIPIF1<0(重慶)命題:“若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0”逆否命題是()DA.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0B.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0C.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0D.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(山東)下列各小題中,SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0充分必要條件是()D①SKIPIF1<0有兩個不同零點②SKIPIF1<0是偶函數(shù)③SKIPIF1<0④SKIPIF1<0A.①②B.②③C.③④D.①④高考數(shù)學(xué)試題分類匯編—簡易邏輯8.(天津卷)設(shè)集合SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,那么“SKIPIF1<0”是“SKIPIF1<0”(B)A.充分而不必要條件B.必要而不充分條件C.充分必要條件D.既不充分也不必要條件高考數(shù)學(xué)試題分類匯編—簡易邏輯3.(北京卷)“m=SKIPIF1<0”是“直線(m+2)x+3my+1=0與直線(m-2)x+(m+2)y-3=0互相垂直”(B)(A)充分必要條件(B)充分而不必要條件(C)必要而不充分條件(D)既不充分也不必要條件6.(天津卷)給出下列三個命題①若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0②若正整數(shù)m和n滿足SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0③設(shè)SKIPIF1<0為圓SKIPIF1<0上任一點,圓O2以SKIPIF1<0為圓心且半徑為1.當SKIPIF1<0時,圓O1與圓O2相切其中假命題個數(shù)為 (B) A.0 B.1 C.2 D.37.(天津卷)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0為平面,SKIPIF1<0為直線,則SKIPIF1<0一種充分條件是 (D) A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<09.(福建卷)已知直線m、n與平面SKIPIF1<0,給出下列三個命題:①若SKIPIF1

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