JTG-T D70-2-01-2014(EN) 公路隧道照明設(shè)計(jì)細(xì)則 英文版

RecommendedIndustryStandardsofthePeople'sRepublicofChina中華人民共和國(guó)行業(yè)推薦性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GuidelinesforDesignofLightingofHighwayTunnels公路隧道照明設(shè)計(jì)細(xì)則(英文版)RecommendedIndustryStandardsofthePeople'sRepublic中華人民共和國(guó)行業(yè)推薦性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GuidelinesforDesignofLightingofHighwayTunnels公路隧道照明設(shè)計(jì)細(xì)則(英文版)Editingorganizationincharge:ChinaMerchantsResearch&DesignIssuingauthority:MinistryofTransportofthePeoplesRepublicofChina第50號(hào)交通運(yùn)輸部關(guān)于發(fā)布《公路隧道設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范第一冊(cè)生建工程》英、法文版等7項(xiàng)公路工程行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)外文版的公告版[JTGH12-2015(EN)]。上述標(biāo)準(zhǔn)外文版的管理權(quán)和解釋權(quán)歸中華人民共和國(guó)交通運(yùn)輸部，日常標(biāo)準(zhǔn)外文版與中文版如在技術(shù)內(nèi)容上出現(xiàn)異議時(shí)，以中文版為準(zhǔn)。2023年9月20日2023年9月21日印發(fā)英文版編譯出版說明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是人類文明進(jìn)步的成果，是世界通用的技術(shù)語言，促進(jìn)世界的互聯(lián)互通。近年來，中國(guó)政府大力開展標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作，通過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)驅(qū)動(dòng)創(chuàng)新、協(xié)調(diào)、綠色、開放、共享的共同發(fā)展。在絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶與21世紀(jì)海上絲綢之路，即“一帶一路”倡議的指引下，為適應(yīng)日益增長(zhǎng)的全球交通運(yùn)輸發(fā)展的需求，增進(jìn)世界連接，促進(jìn)知識(shí)傳播與經(jīng)驗(yàn)分享，中華人民共和國(guó)交通運(yùn)輸部組織編譯并發(fā)布了一系列中國(guó)公路行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)外文版。中華人民共和國(guó)交通運(yùn)輸部發(fā)布的公路工程行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)代號(hào)為JTG,體系范圍涵蓋公路工程從規(guī)劃建設(shè)到養(yǎng)護(hù)和運(yùn)營(yíng)管理全過程所需要的設(shè)施、技術(shù)、管理與服務(wù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，也包括相關(guān)的安全、環(huán)保和經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的評(píng)價(jià)等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?？傮w總體通用公路建設(shè)公路管理站所裝備公路養(yǎng)護(hù)綜合公路運(yùn)營(yíng)造價(jià)公路工程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系運(yùn)行息統(tǒng)信系檢測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)養(yǎng)護(hù)施工應(yīng)急處置養(yǎng)護(hù)決策收費(fèi)服務(wù)護(hù)計(jì)養(yǎng)設(shè)路域環(huán)境服務(wù)路同車協(xié)施工造價(jià)造價(jià)造價(jià)檢測(cè)智慧設(shè)計(jì)試驗(yàn)監(jiān)理執(zhí)法i《公路隧道照明設(shè)計(jì)細(xì)則》(簡(jiǎn)稱《細(xì)則》)是公路隧道照明設(shè)計(jì)有關(guān)的重要技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，主要用于各等級(jí)的新建和改擴(kuò)建山嶺公路隧道照明設(shè)計(jì)和運(yùn)營(yíng)，可供隧道運(yùn)營(yíng)管理企業(yè)、設(shè)計(jì)院、施工企業(yè)、工程監(jiān)理等使用。2000年由交通部首次發(fā)布實(shí)施《公路隧道通風(fēng)照明設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》(JTJ026.1—1999),作為公路隧道照明設(shè)計(jì)首部專業(yè)規(guī)范，對(duì)規(guī)范設(shè)計(jì)行為、保障我國(guó)公路隧道運(yùn)營(yíng)安全和推進(jìn)公路隧道照明科技進(jìn)步均起到了重要作用。細(xì)則》在充分總結(jié)中國(guó)相關(guān)科研成果和大量工程經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，吸收借鑒國(guó)際先進(jìn)的公路隧道照明技術(shù)，進(jìn)行改進(jìn)與修訂，2014年發(fā)布修訂版《細(xì)則》?！都?xì)則》以科學(xué)合理、經(jīng)濟(jì)安全、利用高效為基本制訂原則，重點(diǎn)對(duì)公路隧道照明設(shè)計(jì)和運(yùn)營(yíng)的技術(shù)要求進(jìn)行統(tǒng)一和規(guī)范，主要內(nèi)容包括照明設(shè)置條件與方法、短隧道照明設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)、分期實(shí)施、運(yùn)營(yíng)調(diào)光模式、節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等。本英文版的編譯發(fā)布便是希望將中國(guó)的工程經(jīng)驗(yàn)和技術(shù)成果與各國(guó)同行進(jìn)行交流分享，為其他國(guó)家山嶺公路隧道照明設(shè)計(jì)與運(yùn)營(yíng)提供參考借鑒?！豆匪淼勒彰髟O(shè)計(jì)細(xì)則》英文版的編譯工作由中華人民共和國(guó)交通運(yùn)輸部委托招商局重慶交通科研設(shè)計(jì)院有限公司主持完成，并由中華人民共和國(guó)交通運(yùn)輸部公路局組織審定。本規(guī)范在編譯過程中得到歐美多名專家的支持，特別感謝巴基斯坦專家AsimAmin、澳大利亞專家ArnoldDix、中國(guó)專家黃夢(mèng)琪，以及巴基斯坦專家AbuBakar、SaifAliTahir等在編譯與審定期間給予的協(xié)助與支持。本英文版標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的內(nèi)容與現(xiàn)行中文版一致，如出現(xiàn)異議時(shí)，以中文版為準(zhǔn)。感謝中文版主要編寫者蔣樹屏、陳建忠先生在本英文版編譯與審定期間給予的指導(dǎo)與支持。如在執(zhí)行過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)問題或有任何修改建議，請(qǐng)函告英文版主編單位(地址：重慶市南岸區(qū)學(xué)府大道33號(hào)隧道與地下工程研究院，郵政編碼：400067,電子郵箱：chengliang@),以便修訂時(shí)研用。英文版主編單位：招商局重慶交通科研設(shè)計(jì)院有限公司英文版主編：胡學(xué)兵英文版主審：AsimAmin(巴基斯坦)、BediAnmol(澳大利亞)英文版參審：張慧或(中國(guó)),黃夢(mèng)琪(中國(guó)),AbuBakar(巴基斯坦),SaifAliTahir(巴基斯坦)ThePeople'sRepublicofChinaNo.50PublicNoticeonIssuingtheEnglishandFrenchVersionsofSevenHighwayEngineeringIndustrialStandardsforDesignofHighwayTunnelsSection1CivilEngineeringTheEnglishandFrenchversionsofSpecificationsforDesignofCivilEngineering[JTG3370.1—2018(EN),SubstitutingJTGD70—2004(E);andJTG3370.1—2018(FR)],theFrenchversionofSpecificationsforTunnelsSection2TrafficEngineeringandAffliatedFacilities[JTGD70/2—2014(FR)],theEnglishversionofGuidelinesforDesignofLightingofHighwayTunnels[JTG/TD70/2-01—2014(EN)],theEnglishversionofGuidelinesforDesignofVentilationofHighwayTunnels[JTG/TD70/2-02—2014(EN)],theEnglishversionofSpDesignofHighwayTunnels[JTG2232—2019(EN)],andtheEnglishversionofTechnicalSpecificationsofMaintenanceforHighwayTunnel]JTGH12—2015(EN)]areissuedherebyforpromotinginternationallcooperationThegeneraladministrationandfinalinterpretationoftheforeignlanguageversionsoftheabomentionedstandardsbelongtoMinistryofTransport,whileparticularinterpretaapplicationandroutineadministrationshallbeprovidedbCommunicationsTechnologyResearchIneventofanyambiguityordiscrepanciesbetweentheforeignlanguageverComments,suggestionsandinquiriesMerchantsChongqingComLtd.(Address:InstituteofTunnelandUndergroundEngineering,No.33XuefuAvenue,Nan').District,Chongqing,P.R.ChinGeneralOfficeofMinistryofTransportStandardsreflecttheachievementofcivilizationandprogress,providecommonlanguagesfortechnicalcommunicationsandimproveglobalconnyears,ChinesegovernmenthasbeenproactivelyimplementingthestandardizationtoinChinaandworldwide.InlightofmutualEconomicBeltandthe21st-OneRoad"initiative),theMinistryofTransportofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaorganizedtranslationandpublishedintemationalversionindustrystandardsandspecificationstointernationalcooperationinworldtransportation,achievedevelopmentandprornoteknowledgedispersionrandexperiencesharing.JTGisthedesignationreferringtothetransportationindustry,issuedbytheMinistryofTransportofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.Itcoversthestandardsandspecificationsintermsoffaciltechnologs,administrationandserviceforthewholeprocessfromhTheGuidelinesforDesignofLightingofHighwayTunnels(hereinafterreferredtoastheGuidelines)areimportanttechnicalstandardsforthelightingdesignofhtunnels.Itismainlyusedbytunneloperationinstitutes,constructionenterprisesandenginandoperationofnew,modifiedandelevels.In2000,theGuidelinesforDesignofLightingofHighwayTunnels(JTJ026.1—1999)werefirstissuedforimplementationbytheMinistryofTransport.AsthefirstprofessionalspecificationsforthelightingdesignofhighwaytunnelshaveplayedanimportantroleioperationsafetyofhighwaytunnelsinChina,andpromotingtechnologicalprogressofhighwaytunnellighting.OnthebasisoffullysummartherelevantscientificresearchachievementsandrichChina,theGuidelineswereimprovedadvancedhighwaytunnellightingtechniques.In2014,therevisedversionoftheGuidelineswasreleased.Basedonthebasicprinciplesofscientificrationality,standardizingthetechnicalrequirementsforlightingdesignandoperatiotunnels,andinvolvelightingsettingconditidesignparameters,implementationbystages,operatingenergy-savingstandards.ThepurposeofcompilinganachievementswithcounterpartsinlightingdesignandoperationofmoBasicHighwaymaintenanceMainte-Maintenan-Construc-Vehicle-roadinter-TheMinistryofTransportofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaentrustedChinaMerchantsChongqingCommunicationsTechnologyResearch&DesignInsCo.,Ltd.topresideoverthecompilationoftheEnglishversionofGuidelinesfDesignofLightingofHighwayTunnels,andtheHighwayBureauoftheMinistryofkTransportofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaorganizedtheSpecificationsweresupportedbycompilation.SpecialthanksarealsogiventoAustralianexpertArnoldDix,ChineseexpertHuangMengqi,PakistaniexpertsAbuBakarandSaifAliTahirapprovaloftheseSpecificaTheEnglishversionofthisstandardisconsistentwiththecurrentCIntheeventofanyambiguGratitudeisgivenheretoMr.JiangShupinginchargeoftheChineseversion,forandapprovaloftheEnglishversion.Comments,suggestionsandinquiriesarewelcomeandsheditingorganizationUndergroundEngineeringResearchInstitanDistrict,Chongqing,InstituteC6.,Ltd.,No.3code;400067,e-mail:chengliang@).EditingorganizationinchargeforEnglishveChinaMerchantsChongqingCommunicationsChiefeditorforEnglishversion:HuXuebingRevieweditorforEngAsimAmin(Pakistan)andBediAnmol(Australia)AssociaterevieweditorsforEnglishversioZhangHuiyu(China)HuangAbuBakar(Pakistan)SaifAliTahir(PAccordingtotheNoticeon2007CompilationandReuisionPlanofHighwayEngineeringStandard(JGLF[2007]No.378)issuedbytheMinistryofTransport,ChinaMerchantsChongqingCommunicationsTechDesignInstituteCo.,Ltd.isresponsibleforthecompofLightingandVentilationofHighwayTunnels,AsthefirstprofessionalstandardforSpecificationsfortheDesignofVentilanonandLightingofHighwayTunnels(JTJ026.1—1999)hasplayedanimportantroleinthesafetysafeguardandlightingtechnologypromotionofissuanceonJune1,2000.Formorethantenyenlargedandthetypesofhighwaytunintheconstruction,operationandmanagementconservationlightingtechnologies.Onthebasisofengineeringpracticescientificachievementsinftheories,newtechnologies,newmaterialsandnewfromforeignexperienceandadvancedtechnologiesintunnel.Withconsiderationtotheenergy-conservationteofhighwaytunnelandthestatusoftunnellightingconstructioninChina,tunnellightingrequirementsintheSpecificationforDesignofTrafficEngineeringofHighwayTunnels(JTG/TD71—2004)andSpecificationsforDesignofVentilationandLightingofHighwayTunnels(JTJ026.1—1999)areamendedandexpandedandtheGuidelinesforDesignofLightingofHighwayTunnels(JTG/TD70/2-01—2014)isherebyissuedafterapprovalforimplTheGuidelinesconsistsofelevenProvisions,2GlossaryandSymbols,3General,4LightingLightingofTransitionZone,6LightingofInteriorZone,7LightingofExitZone,8EmergencyLightingandApproachfMeasures,10LightingCalculation,11DesignPrinciplesofDimming,AppendixAPre-digestionLuminanceFactorofRoadSurfaceandAppendixComparedwiththeSpecificationsforDesignofVentilationandLightingofHighwayTunnels(JTJ026.1—1999),thelightingindicators,dimmingconservationstandarrequirementsoftunnel,lightingsettingatthresholdzoneandluminancezoneadjustedandtheadaptationluminaindicatorsrevisedherein.Meanwhile,requirementsofshorttunnellightingandindicatorsofenergy-conservationlightsourcesarenewlyAllunitsrelatedshallinformtheroutinemanagementteamoftheproblemsandsuggestionsfoundinimplementationforrcontactpersonTuYunat33XuefuAvenue,Nan'anDistrict,4MunicipalityviaTel.NoFaxNondE-mailNo.ChinaMerchantsChongqingCommunicationsTechAssociateeditingorganizatioZhejiangProvincialInstituteofCommunicationsPlanning,Design&Chiefeditor:JiangShupingi'8 4 4 5 7 44 46AppendixAPre-digestionLuminanceFactorof AppendixBExamplesofLightingCalculation 55unifythelightingdesignstandardsofhighwayconformtotheprinciplesofscientific,reasonable,economic,safeandefficientutilizaBackground:Toensureavisibleenvironment,lightingshallbeequippedwithintunnels.Thelucompatiblewiththereal-timetrafficflowandadaptationofluminance.Thus,illuminationdimmingissignificantintunneloperation,TheGuidelinesprovidesatechnicalbasisforthelightingdesignandoperationofhighwaytunnelssoastorealizesafeoperationandenergy-coexpressway,Class-K,Class-2,Class-3andClass-4hiBackground:TheGuidelinesispreparedforthemountaintunnelsofhighwaysatdifferentgrades.Othertunnels,suchassubmergedtunnel,urbantunnelandmountaintunnelhavenofundamentaldifferenceinlightingsectioning,lightingcalculationandotheraspects,buttheirmaindifferen.3ThelightingdesignofhighwaytunnelshallbeincorporfBackground:feryandenergyconsumpflightingfacilitiesisrelatedtothetunnellength,horizontalcurvTheadaptationluminanceisrelatedtotheheightofsideandfrontslopesandvegetationatthe/tunnelportalaswelltunnelframetypeanddecoration.Luminairessettingoutsidethetunnelarerelatedtothestructuresofroadsegment.Therefore,lightingdesignshallbeincludedintheoveralldesignoftunnel.1.0.4Thedesignhourlyvolume(DHV)inthelightingdesignofhidesignpeakhourlyvolume(PHV)ofhybridvehicles.Background:Infeasibilitystudyreportofengineering,passengercarunit(pcu)isusedfortrafficvolumeforecast.Duringlightingdesign,PCUtrafficvolumeshallbeconvertedintoPHVofhybrid1.0.5Lightingdesignofhighwaytunnelshallbesubjecttotheplanningandintegrateddesign;andlightithetrafficvolumeforecastchBackground:safety,reduceinitialinvestmentanddecreasesystemoftunnelmaybeimplementedinstagesaccordingtothetraffievolumeforecastchanges.Accordingtosurveys,lightingfaclliiesarenormallyimplementedintvostages:lightingdesignofexpresswayandClass-1arterialhighwaysphasesinbytenyears;thatofClass-1,Class-2andClass-3collector-distributorhiglwaysphasesinbysevenyears;thatofClass-4highwaysisconfirmedaccordingfoindividualcases.Sincetrafficvolumedevelopsdifferently,toreasonablysetupthelightingsystem,itmaybebuiltinsiagesaccordingtothetrafficvolumeforecastchanges.Takingathree-stagedlightingsystemforanexample,forexpresswayandClass-1arterialhighway,DhVofthefirststageis350veh/(h·ln),thatofthesecondandthirdstagesisconfirmedaccordingtothetrafficvolumeforecastintenyearsandtwentyyearsrespectively;forClass-1,Class-2andClass-3collector-distributorhighways,DHVofthefirststageis180veh/(h·ln),thatofthesecondandthirdstagesisconfirmedaccordingtothetrafficvolumeforecastinsevenyearsandfifteenyearsrespectively.Duringthestagedprogramoflightingdesign,lightsources,lightinglayout,powerchangeandotherfactorsaregenerallyconsidered.Anoptimalprogrammeetingthelightingrequirementsofeachstageisselectedaccordingtothecomprehensiveeconomicanalysisandco1.0.6LightingdesignofhighwaytunnelssabnormaltrafficconditiBackgroundAbnormaltrafficconditionsincludetrafficaccidevacuationandrescueaswellasmaintenance,overhauling,constructionandothersituationsrequiringspeciallighting.BackgroundReliableandadvanceddimmingisimportantforsafeoperationandenergyconservationofatunnel.Bydimming,theluminancelevelcanbemorecompatiblewithreal-timerafricHowandadapluminancesoastoensuretheoperationsafetyandenergyconserva1.0.8Newtheories,newreliablyadoptedforthelightingdesignofhighwaytunnelBackground:Sincetheturnofthe21century,agreatnumberofstudiesonlightingofhighwaytunnelhavebeencarriedoutathomeandabroad.Withtheproposaloftheoriesormethodssuchas“permeationratio”,“mesopicvision”and“smartdimming”andthedevelopmemtandapplicationofnewlightsourcessuchasLEDandsingle-cappedelectrodelessfluorescenttube,thelightingtechnologiesofhighwaytunnelhavemadegreatprogress,Theapplicationofnewtheories,newtechnologies,newmaterialsandnewequipmentimproveslightingquality,savesenergy,andmakestumorescientificandreaso1.0.9InadditiontotheseGuidelinetherelevantprovisionsofcurrentnationalandindustrialS4IlluminanceofapointreferstotheratiooftheluminousfluxofsurfaceelementtothearLuminancereferstotheluminousintensityoftheprojectedunitaAccesszonereferstothesegmentofonestoThresholdzonereferstothefirTransitionzonereferstothelightingsectionbInteriorzonereferstdrivingdirection,wheretherequiredluminancefoExitzonereferstothelightingsect52.1.8AdaptationlAdaptationluminancereferstotheaverageluminancethroughstoppingdistancetoEmergencylightingreferstothelightingenabledintlightingduringpedestrianevacuationtoens2.1.10AverageAverageroadsurfaceilluminancereferstothemeasuredorcalculatediluminancepre-setontheroadsurfaceluminancereferstothemeasuredf2.1.12OveralluniformityoftheluminanceofroadsurfaceOveralluniformityoftheluminanceofroadsurfacereferstotheratiooftheminimumltheaveragelum2.1.13LongitudinaluniformityoftheluminanceofroadsurfaceLongitudinaluniformityoftheluminanceofroadsurfacereferstotheratiooftheminimumluminancetothemaximumluminanceonroadsurfacecenMaintenancefactorreferstotheratiooftheaverageservicetime,whichisaffectedbyLampLumenDepreciation(LLD),dirtandothers,totheUtilizationfactorreferstotheratiooftotall6Ie—luminousintensityofluminairesatcalk—LLDfactorofluminanceatthresholdzone;Ln—luminanceatinteriorzoLmin—theminimumroadsurfaceluminance;Lmin—theminimumluminanceofroadsurfacecenterline;Lmax—themaximumluminanceofroadsurfacecenterline;L?—luminanceattransitionzoN—designhourlyvolume(DHV);73.0.1Designoflightingofhighwaytunnelsshaluminance,overalluniformityoftheluminanceofroadsurface,longitudinaluniformityoftheluminanceofroadsurface,flickerandguidance.Background:Driversvisuallyperceivetheluminanceofroadsurfaceduringdriyinscientificandreasonabletotakeluminancenow,theInternationalCommissiononlllumination(CIE)andindicatorasthebasisforcompiFlickerfrequencyoflightingsystemisrelateandotherfactors.ReasonableflickerfrequencycanavoidvisualGuidancereferstotheguidanceoflightingfacilities,providingvisualgudirection,alignment,andgra3.0.2Lightingfacilitiesoequalto200mandthatofClass-1highwayshallbeequippedwitfacilities;Class-2highwaytunnelswithalengthmoreshallbeinstalledwithlightingfacilitiesaccordi4Thetunnelswithpedestr5ThetunnelswithoutlightingfacilitiessBackground:TunnelmanagementauthoritiesanddesignauthoritiesofrequirementsonthelengthofelectriclightingwithconsiderationInconsiderationoftherelativelysmalltrafficvolumeandlowervehicleClass-2,Class-3andClass-4highwaytunnels,requifementsonthelengthofmadeonthebasisofoperatThelightingfacilitiesofClass-3andClass4highwaythighwayfunction,importance,localeconoTable3-1TunnellengthrequirementsforlightingfacilNote:lengthsinthetableareforstraighttGuidingdevicesfavorthemarkingoftunnelalignmentandprofisafety.Self-luminousguidingdevice3.0.3LightingdesignofhighwaytunnelsshallbecomprehensivebasedontheadequatedataoncivilworksS1Thetunnelportalorie2Adaptationluminanceshallbeprluminance-reductionprogrammaybeformulatedifnecessary.3Luminanceindicatorsofthresholdzone,transitionzone,interioreachstageshallbeconfirmedaccEnergy-conservationlightsourinstallationmethodsandlocationsofluminairesshallbedecidedaccordingtothetypeof5Luminairespacing,theuniformityoftheluminanceofroadsurfaceandotcalculatedaccordingtotheroadsurface6Adaptationluminanceshouldbemeasuredandveriworksoftunnelportal.Background:designofhighwaytunnelsarerelatedtotunneiportalorientation,exteriorenvironment,roadsurfacematerials,traffieyofumeandothers.Therefore,comprehensiveconsiderations,Exteriorenvironmentincludestopographyoftunnellocation,vegetation,verticalAdaptationluminanceisoneofkeyconsiderationsfortunnellighting.Itisgrorientation,skypercentagethrougha20°conicalfieldofview,vegetationandshallbeprimarilyconsideredatthebeginningofthrougha20°conicalfieldofvieworhasbrightportalbeincreased,andthusaggravatingthe"blackholeeffect"andincreasingtheenBythistime,luminance-reductionmeasuresmaybeadoptedtodecreas3.0.4TheDHVofdailytraffic(AADT)proposedinthefeasibilitystudyreport1TheDHVfactorfeasibilitystudyreportdoesnotexplicitlyputforwamountainousandhillyterrandneartown9%.2ThedirectionaldistributionfactorofprovidedinthefeasibilitystudyreporexplicitlyputforwardBackground:Afterextensivesurveys,theDHVfactorproposedbyfeasibilitystudyreportsofexpresswayprvariesfrom9%to12%.Inordertoavoidsign,thetrafficvolumeofpassengercarunit(PCU)isconvertedintothePHVfhybridvehiclesinaccordancewith“RepresentativeVehicleTypesandVehicleConversionFactor”intheTechnicalStandardofHighwayEngineering(JTGB01-2003)andspecifictrafficcompositionofprojectsaspertheStep1:converttheAADT(pcStep2:respectivelycalculatethePHVofPCUcorrespondingtoeachtrafficcompositionpercentageproposedinStep3:convertthetraffievolumeofPCUofeachvehicletypeintothePHV(veh/h)ofvehiclesinaccordancewith“RepresentativeVehicleTytheTechnicalSiandardofHighwayEngineering(JTGB01-2003).3.0.5Unidirectionaltraffictunnellightingconsistsofthelightingatthresholdzone,interiorzoneandexitzoneandapproaczone.Lightingsectionsare3.0.6Bidirectionaltraffictunnellightingisdividedintothelightingzone,interiorzoneandapproachandtheluminance-reductionf/CzonezoneZonezonezone VFigure3.0.5LightingsectionsofunidP-tunnelportal;S-startofaccesszone;A-adaptionpoint;d-adaptiondistance;1,(S)-adaptationthresholdzone;L,LandL-luminanceattransitionzone;Lo-luminanceatinteriorD,Da-respectivelengthofaccesszoneI(TH?)andaccesszoneI(TH?);D,DandDg-respectivelengthoftr(TR?),transitionzoneIⅡ(TR?)andtransitionzoneIII(TR?);D-lengthofinteriorzone;DaandD.-respecti?drivingdirection$DmDDDaccessthresholdtransitionDntransitionthresholdaccessFigure3.0.6Lightingsectionsofbi-directioBackground:3.0.5～3.0.6Sectionallightingailuminancetolow/highluminance.Theadaptiontimenormallylongerthanthatfromlowluminanceto3.0.7Lightingatthresholdzone,transitionzoneandexitzoneconsistsofBackground