高中英語各種文體的閱讀方法(教師版)

閱讀理解——應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛中學(xué)英語不同文體的閱讀方法做閱讀理解題時，方法很重要。針對不同的題型和不同的題材和體裁應(yīng)實(shí)行不同的方法，這樣才會收到事半功倍的效果。1．快速略讀定主題：略讀法是快速閱讀中的一種方法。略讀的關(guān)鍵是在能抓住文章要點(diǎn)的前提下以個人最快的速度閱讀，主要目的是捕獲大致的信息以便了解文章主旨和大意。利用略讀閱讀時，要特殊留意文章首尾兩段，因?yàn)槲恼碌牡谝欢瓮c(diǎn)明文章的中心思想，而文章的最終一段則常常總結(jié)歸納或重述文章首段的主題句，這是閱讀高效省時的一條捷徑，通常把每段主題句的意思綜合起來就是全文的中心思想。另外，文章的主題句有時可能會出現(xiàn)在段落中間或結(jié)尾，考生必需運(yùn)用略讀法快速精確地將其找出。2．抓準(zhǔn)線索理結(jié)構(gòu)：理清文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，這是理解的基礎(chǔ)。文章絕不是互不相干的句子雜亂無章的堆砌。通常有一根主線貫穿其中。如敘述文多以人物為中心，以時間或空間為線索，按事務(wù)的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、結(jié)局綻開故事；論述體則包含論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、論證三大要素，通過說明、舉例來闡述觀點(diǎn)。你可依據(jù)文章的特點(diǎn)，以時間、地點(diǎn)、事務(wù)、因果等為線索，找出關(guān)鍵詞語，理清文章的思路結(jié)構(gòu)。駕馭文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，能幫助考生在閱讀和回答問題時做到高效省時。3．“斷章取義”尋細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)：考生要從文段中獲得所需的具體信息，可不必閱讀整篇文章，而只需找出可能包含所需信息的段落，快速劃定關(guān)鍵詞語，然后加以重點(diǎn)閱讀即可。此法主要是針對獲得具體信息，回答具體的問題，即試題中的細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)問題。它常常與Who,What,When,Where,Why和How有關(guān)，有時跟具體的數(shù)字，如長度、速度、距離、大小、尺寸等有聯(lián)系?？忌谶\(yùn)用此法時，應(yīng)當(dāng)留意文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和依次排列。有的是按空間依次排列，有的是按時間依次排列。考生應(yīng)依據(jù)短文的結(jié)構(gòu)，有針對性地掃讀，快速鎖定相關(guān)內(nèi)容。4．同義互釋解難題：所謂同義互釋，就是在閱讀的時候從備選項(xiàng)中找出與原文意思相同或相近的詞或短語，它們在意思上相同或相近，可以相互說明、相互替換，這種方法叫同義互釋法。它是英語閱讀理解題常見方法之一。閱讀理解中的難題如深層理解題或推斷推理題可重點(diǎn)采納同義互釋法。5．“舍本逐末”讀廣告：廣告，字典，公告，演出信息，航班時辰表，借書卡片等一般為功能閱讀，需快速找尋信息。做這類題時沒有必要閱讀全文，宜采納“倒序法”來處理。即先看問題，后看文章內(nèi)容。這樣在閱讀中可以有重點(diǎn)地、有針對性地去讀，冗余無效信息可以略讀甚至不讀。 6．首尾定位排依次：有時題目要求對事務(wù)發(fā)生的先后依次進(jìn)行排序?？捎檬孜捕ㄎ环?，即找到第一個發(fā)生的事務(wù)，再找到最終一個發(fā)生的事務(wù)，可大大縮小選擇范圍，快速有效地確定答案。7．“去偽存真”選最佳：在答題的時候，考生有時會發(fā)覺所給的四個選項(xiàng)中，有不止一個選項(xiàng)可以作為答案。這時就應(yīng)當(dāng)意識到該題可能是一個推斷最佳選擇的題目。所以，在答題時，一旦發(fā)覺有一個看似正確的選項(xiàng)，就馬上把它作為正確答案，這是不明智的。正確的方法是再看一看其他選項(xiàng)中還有沒有符合文意的，假如有的話，就要依據(jù)文章的主旨和作者的意圖，通過選擇比較，去偽存真，做出深層理解和全面分析，進(jìn)行合理的推理和推斷，選出切合文章主旨和作者意圖的最佳答案。8．立足已知斷未知：新大綱對閱讀要求的二級目標(biāo)是：“能依據(jù)上下文理解作者的看法和觀點(diǎn)；能依據(jù)已知的事實(shí)推斷語篇未干脆寫出的意思?！睂忌评韺?shí)力的考查，是對閱讀理解的較高層次的要求?？忌隙ㄒ獜奈恼碌囊阎畔⑹聦?shí)入手，充分利用文中供應(yīng)的信息，依據(jù)正常的邏輯進(jìn)行推理，從而推知語篇中未干脆寫出，但卻合乎邏輯的結(jié)果；或者依據(jù)文章的字面意思，文章結(jié)構(gòu)和句、段之間的過渡關(guān)系，分析其內(nèi)涵，進(jìn)而推斷出作者的看法、意圖。這類問題考生肯定要以閱讀材料供應(yīng)的事實(shí)、邏輯關(guān)系為思維的立足點(diǎn)、動身點(diǎn)，順應(yīng)作者的思維模式，領(lǐng)悟作者的言外之意。千萬不能將自己的觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)加給閱讀材料?？傊?，推理推斷題的技巧要領(lǐng)為：陳述或事實(shí)不是推理，推論要有事實(shí)依據(jù)。9．微小之處辨“正誤”其中學(xué)生最簡單出錯的是部分細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)有錯誤的選項(xiàng)。考生肯定要靜下心來，耐性細(xì)致地對每個選項(xiàng)逐個分析解除，細(xì)心斟酌，最終找出正確選項(xiàng)。常用的方法是找出每個選項(xiàng)的“支撐句”來幫助分析，切忌憑感覺答題。10．化繁為簡析長句：閱讀中，遇到較長的、結(jié)構(gòu)困難的句子時，可以考慮將其簡化，以便更好地理解句意。最常用的方法是“主干成分分析法”。即理清主句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)(主謂賓成分)，理解就不會偏離正確的軌道，就能快速駕馭句子大意。11．題材不同方法異：說明文、科普文和小品文等首句通常為主題句，其余的句子都是圍繞主題句進(jìn)行說明或闡述；新聞報道的首句為導(dǎo)語，通常概括整個事務(wù)，這常常是做主旨大意題的解題依據(jù)；幽默小品和故事的末句往往含蓄，一語雙關(guān)，耐人尋味。推斷題常常發(fā)源于此。專題一人物傳記型閱讀理解這類文章一般可分為人物傳記和短篇故事兩類。人物傳記主要涉及某人的生平事跡、趣聞軼事、生活背景、特性特征、成長和奮斗歷程等，其特點(diǎn)是以時間的先后或事務(wù)的發(fā)展為主線，脈絡(luò)清晰，可讀性較強(qiáng)。因此，閱讀這類文章應(yīng)當(dāng)抓住時間線索來獲得有關(guān)信息，即主子公在某個時間做過什么，然后通過分析推理、綜合歸納的方法進(jìn)行解題。 短篇故事與人物傳記不同的是，這類文章一般描述的是某一件具體事情的發(fā)生、發(fā)展或結(jié)局，有人物、時間、地點(diǎn)和事務(wù)。命題往往從故事的情節(jié)、人物或事務(wù)之間的關(guān)系、作者的看法及意圖、故事前因和后果的推想等方面著手，考查學(xué)生對細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)的分辨實(shí)力以及推理推斷實(shí)力。閱讀這類材料時，同學(xué)們肯定要依據(jù)主要情節(jié)駕馭文章主旨大意，同時抓住每一個細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)，設(shè)身處地依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容揣摩作者的看法和意圖，依據(jù)情節(jié)綻開想象，即使是遇到深層理解題也可迎刃而解。這兩類閱讀材料一般較長，即詞數(shù)多，而且命題也較多，特殊是推理推斷題和事實(shí)理解題多。同學(xué)們在做此類閱讀理解題時往往是材料看得懂，題目不好做的感覺。因此，同學(xué)們在閱讀材料時要重點(diǎn)放在事情發(fā)展的過程和結(jié)果上，留意把握事務(wù)的發(fā)展進(jìn)程及人物之間的關(guān)系，細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)與主題的關(guān)系，用以說明人物性格特點(diǎn)的事實(shí)、作者的看法等，這些內(nèi)容往往是推理推斷題的命題點(diǎn)。駕馭了這些內(nèi)容，同學(xué)們在做推理推斷題時就不會以個人思維想象代替依據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理推斷，也只有這樣才不會以偏概全。至于事實(shí)細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題的解答，同學(xué)們切忌想當(dāng)然或者憑印象，肯定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進(jìn)行比較，再做出正確選擇。[2011·山東卷]ArthurMiller(1915－2005)isuniversallyrecognizedasoneofthegreatestdramatistsofthe20thcentury.Miller’sfatherhadmovedtotheUSAfromAustriaHungary，drawnlikesomanyothersbythe“GreatAmericanDream”．However,heexperiencedseverefinancialhardshipwhenhisfamilybusinesswasruinedintheGreatDepressionoftheearlyl930s.Miller’smostfamousplay,DeathofaSalesman,isapowerfulattackontheAmericansystem,withitsaggressivewayofdoingbusinessanditsinsistenceonmoneyandsocialstatusasindicatorsofworth.InWillyLoman,theherooftheplay,weseeamanwhohasgotintotroublewiththissystem.Willyis“burntout”andinthecruelworldofbusinessthereisnoroomforsentiment:ifhecan’tdothework,thenheisnogoodtohisemployer,theWagnerCompany,andhemustgo.Willyispainfullyawareofthis,andatalossastowhattodowithhislackofsuccess.Herefusestofacethefactthathehasfailedandkillshimselfintheend.Whenitwasfirststagedin1949,theplaywasgreetedwithenthusiasticreviews,anditwontheTonyAwardforBestPlay,theNewYorkDramaCritics’CircleAward,andthePulitzerPrizeforDrama.Itwasthefirstplaytowinallthreeofthesemajorawards.MillerdiedofheartfailureathishomeinRoxbury,Connecticut,ontheeveningofFebruary10,2005,the56thanniversaryofthefirstperformanceofDeathofa() 1. WhydidArthurMiller’sfathermovetotheUSA? A．Hesufferedfromseverehungerinhishomecountry.B．Hewasattractedbythe“GreatAmericanDream”． C．Hehopedtomakehissonadramatist.D．Hisfamilybusinessfailed.() 2. TheplayDeathofaSalesman________. A．exposesthecrueltyoftheAmericanbusinessworld B．discussesthewaystogetpromotedinacompanyC．talksaboutthebusinesscareerofArthurMillerD．focusesontheskillsindoingbusiness() 3. WhatcanwelearnaboutWillyLoman? A．Hetreatshisemployerbadly.B．HerunstheWagnerCompany. C．HeisavictimoftheAmericansystem.D．Heisregardedasaherobyhiscolleagues.() 4.Afteritwasfirststaged,DeathofaSalesman________. A．a(chǎn)chievedhugesuccess B．wonthefirstTonyAward C．waswarmlywelcomedbysalesmen D．wasseverelyattackedbydramatists() 5.Whatisthetextmainlyabout? A．ArthurMillerandhisfamily. B．TheawardsArthurMillerwon. C．ThehardshipArthurMillerexperienced. D．ArthurMillerandhisbestknownplay.答案：BACAD(一)BenjaminBannekerwasbornafewmonthsbeforeanothergreatAmerican—GeorgeWashington.Benjaminwasblack,buthewasnotaslave.Heandhismotherandhisgrandmotherwerefree.Benjamin’sgrandmothercamefromEngland.InAmericashegotajobandworkedformanyyearstopayforherboattripacrosstheocean.Afterworkingmanymoreyears,shesavedenoughmoneytobuyafarm.Benjaminlivedwithherforawhile.Shetaughthimtoreadandwriteanddoarithmetic.Benjamin’sneighborsknewthathewasclever.Theywerenotsurprisedwhenhebuiltalargewoodenclock.Hemadeeachpieceafterstudyingasmallpocketwatch.Theclockmadehimfamous,foritwasoneofthefirstclocksbuiltinAmerica.PeoplefromotherplacesbegantosendhardproblemsofallkindsforBenjamintosettle.ThomasJeffersonlearnedofBenjaminBanneker’sabilitytosettlehardproblems.HeaskedBannekertohelpbuildthecitythatwastobethecapitaloftheUnitedStates—Washington,D．C. Bannekerworkedhardontheplansforthecity.Hemarkedwherethestreetsandbuildings—theCapital(國會大廈),theWhiteHouse,andmanyothers─shouldbebuilt. Later,L’Enfant,theFrenchmanwhohaddesignedthenewcity,hadaquarrel,andwentbacktoFranceinanger.Hetookalloftheplanswithhim.Theworkmencouldn’tbuildwithoutanyplanstofollow. Forawhileitseemedthattheplansforthecapitalmighthavetobechanged.ButBenjaminBannekerrememberedtheplanshehadhelpeddraw.Hedreweachagainjustasheoncehadbuilteachpieceofhisclock.Ifitweren’tforBenjaminBanneker,Washington,D．C.mightlookverydifferentfromthewayitdoestoday.() 1.BenjaminBannekerisrememberedtothisdaymainlybecause________.A．hemadeoneofthefirstclocksinAmericaB．heusedtobeanassistanttoL’Enfant,whohaddesignedthecityWashingtonC．hedesignedthecityWashingtonwhenL’EnfantleftD．hewasabletobuildthecityWashingtonasL’Enfantleftwithhisplans() 2.WhenBannekerbuiltalargewoodenclock，________.A．peopleinAmericashowednosurpriseB．hisnamespreadalloverAmericaC．hebecamethefirstmaninAmericatobuildaclockD．peoplecamefromotherplacestocongratulatehim() 3.ThomasJeffersonaskedBannekertohelpbuildthecityWashingtonbecausehewastoldthatBannekerwas________.A．famousB．cleverC．hardworkingD．Serious() 4.InbuildingthecityWashington,Bannekershowed________.A．hehadagoodmemoryB．hewasnevertiredofworkingC．hefearednodifficultiesD．hewasgoodatdrawing答案：DBBA(二)Thinkofsomeofyourfavoritesingers.Whenyoulisten,theycanmakeyouhappyorsad,peacefulorangry.Theycanmakeyourelaxorwanttogetupanddance.Giftedsingershavethepowertoaffectusinmanyways—emotionally,physicallyandmentally.Butbecomingagreatsingerisn’taseasyaslisteningtoone.Ittakespractice,devotionandstronglungs!JustaskthewellknownAmericanopera(歌劇)starCarolVaness.AttheMetropolitanOperainNewYorkCitywheresheoftensings,Carol’svoicemustbeloudenoughtobeheardbyfourthousandpeople.Itmustreacheverypersoninthetheater,withoutamicrophone,evenwhenshe’ssingingsoftly.ThereasonCarolcanprojecthervoicethatfaristhewayshebreathes.“Whenyoubreathe,it’slikeaswimmertakingadeepbreathbeforegoingunderwater，”Carolexplains.“Youhavetotakealotofairintoyourlungs.”AccordingtoCarol,themaindifferencebetweenpopsingingandoperais“howyoubreathe,howmuchairyoutakein,andhowyoucontrolitcomingout.Regularsingingismorelikespeaking,andit’salotsofter.WhenIsingforchildren,they’reoftensurprisedbyhowthevibrationsstriketheirears—likewavesonabeach,”Carolsays.“Inopera,theairdoesn’tjustgooutofyourmouth—itvibratesinyourchest,thewayaguitarvibrateswhenit’splayed.”Eversinceshestartedpianolessonsattheageoften,Carolhaslovedmusic.Asshegotolder,shedecidedtobecomeamusicteacher.Whenshewenttocollege,shetooksinginglessonsaspartofherstudies.HervoiceteacherdiscoveredthatnineteenyearoldCarolhadanexceptionallybeautifulsopranovoice—thehighestsingingvoiceforwomen.Caroldecidedtomakeoperahergoal,notonlybecauseshelovedtosingbutalsobecauseshelovedthedrama.Operaisaplayinwhichthecharacterssingthewordsinsteadofspeakingthem.Thestoriesofoperacanbetragicorcomical.Theycanbepersonalstoriesabouttwopeoplefallinginloveorgrandstoriesaboutkingsandqueenswholivedlongago.Asthecharactersinanoperasing,theemotions(情感)expressedbywordsandmusiccometolife.Today,CarolperformsthroughouttheUnitedStatesandEuropeandshehassungforalmosttwentyyears.Butshehasneverforgottenwhereshestartedsinginginthefirstpalace.“Put_your_heart_into_your_singingandenjoyit，”saysCarol,“becausesingingisagreatjoy.That’swhyIsing.Infact,that’swhyeverybodysings.”() 1.Accordingtothepassage,theMetropolitanOperainNewYorkCity________.A．isafivestorybuilding B．canseat4,000people C．hasnomicrophoneinit D．canprojectthesinger’svoice() 2.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A．OperaSingingandPopSinging B．TheWayanOperaStarSings C．AnOperaStar D．SingingwithoutaMicrophone() 3.WhichstatementisTRUE?A．Apopsinger’slungsareusuallystrongerthanthoseofanoperasinger’s.B．Theauthorhastheideathatoperasingingismorelikespeaking. C．Apopsingertakesinmuchmoreairthananoperasingerwhensinging.D．Anoperasingerbreathesdifferentlyfromapopsingerwhensinging.() 4.FromthepassageyoucanconcludeallthefollowingEXCEPTthat________.A．Caroloncelearnedtoplaythepiano B．Carolworkedasamusicteacher C．Carolhasbeensingingoperafor20yearsorsoD．CarolispopularwithAmericansandEuropeans答案:BCDB專題二故事記敘型閱讀理解閱讀理解在英語試卷中的地位毋庸置疑，縱觀歷年來的高考試題，出題人在試題設(shè)計方面力求題材廣泛，體裁多樣，四大文體(爭論文、記敘文、說明文、應(yīng)用文)兼顧。而記敘文中主要以敘事為主，如情感故事、逸聞趣事等。各種體裁文章的設(shè)題和作答都有各自的特點(diǎn)，在這里我們一起探討故事類文章的閱讀技巧。1．抓住文章的六大要素閱讀時要學(xué)會從事情本身的發(fā)展去理解故事情節(jié)而不要只看事務(wù)在文中出現(xiàn)的先后依次。因此，無論是順敘還是倒敘，閱讀此類文章時，必須要找到它結(jié)構(gòu)中的5個W(when,where,who,why,what)和1個H(how)，不過不是每篇都會完整地交待六大要素。毫無疑問，尋出這些元素是能夠正確快速解題的一個先決條件。2．留意作者的爭論和抒情高考英語閱讀理解故事類文章常伴隨著作者思想情感的流露和表達(dá)，因此爭論和抒情往往夾雜其中。行文時或按事情發(fā)生發(fā)展的先后時間進(jìn)行或按事情發(fā)生發(fā)展的地點(diǎn)來轉(zhuǎn)換，也可能按事情發(fā)展的階段來布局。在引出話題，講完一件事情后，作者往往會表達(dá)個人感悟或提出建議等。這些體現(xiàn)作者觀點(diǎn)或思想的語句在閱讀時可以畫線，它們往往體現(xiàn)文章中心或者寫作意圖，屬于必考點(diǎn)，所以要細(xì)致體會3．結(jié)合前兩點(diǎn)歸納文章中心，把握作者看法故事類文章是通過記敘一件事來表達(dá)中心思想的，它是文章的靈魂。歸納文章中心思想時，尤其要分析文章的結(jié)尾，因?yàn)樵S多文章卒章顯志，用簡短的爭論、抒情揭示文章中心；文章中爭論抒情的句子往往與中心親密相關(guān)；也有的文章須要在結(jié)合概括各段大意的基礎(chǔ)上歸納中心。另外，敘述一件事必有其目的，或闡明某一觀點(diǎn)，或贊美某種品德，或抨擊某種陋俗，這就要求我們在閱讀時，通過對細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)(第1點(diǎn)中的六要素)的理解，把握作者的看法。4．有章有據(jù)進(jìn)行解題推斷分析文章、歸納主題屬于對分析、概括、綜合的表述實(shí)力的考查。切忌脫離文章，架空分析，肯定讓分析在文章中有依據(jù)。AWhenIwas17,Ireadaquotethatwentsomethinglike:“Ifyouliveeachdayasifitwereyourlast,somedayyou’llmostcertainlyberight.”Itmadeanimpressiononme,andsincethen,forthepast33years,Ihavelookedinthemirroreverymorningandaskedmyself,“Iftodaywerethelastdayofmylife,wouldIwanttodowhatIamabouttodotoday?”RememberingthatI’llbedeadsoonisthemostimportanttoolI’veeverencounteredtohelpmemakethebigchoiceinlife.AboutayearagoIwasdiagnosedwithcancer.Thedoctorstoldmethiswasalmostcertainlyatypeofcancerthatwasincurable,andthatIwouldlivenolongerthanthreetosixmonths.Mydoctoradvisedmetogohomeandgetmyaffairsinorder,whichismydoctors’codeforpreparingyourselftodie.Ilivedwiththatdiagnosisallday.Iwascompletelyindespair.Laterthatevening,Ihadanotherexaminationandmywifetoldmethattumorturnedtobecurablewithsurgery.IhadthesurgeryandI’mfinenow.ThiswastheclosestI’vebeentofacingdeath.Totellthetruth,noonewantstodie.Andyetdeathisthedestinationweallshare.Noonehaseverescapedit.Itclearsouttheoldtomakeroomforthenew.Rightnowthenewisyou,butsomedaynottoolongfromnow,youwillgraduallybecometheoldandbeclearedaway.Yourtimeissolimitedthatyoushouldn’twasteitrepeatingsomeoneelse’slife.Don’tbetrappedbydogma（教條）—whichislivingwiththeresultsofotherpeople’sthinking.Don’tletthenoiseofothers’opinionsdrownoutyourowninnervoice.Andmostimportantly,havetheEverythingelseissecondary.41.Thedoctoradvisedtheauthortogohomeandgethisaffairsinorderbecause______.A.hehadtorestathome B.hisdiseasecouldn’tbecuredC.hisdiseasewasnotseriousatall D.hehadtowaitfortheresultofthetest42.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofdeath?A.Hethinksitisimpossibletoavoid. B.Hethinksitisnottheendoflife.C.Hethinksitisnothingtobescaredof. D.Hethinksitisthebeginningofanewlife.43.Intheauthor’sopinion,weshould______.A.followothers’advice B.takenonoticeofdiseasesC.takeexerciseandkeephealthy D.havethecouragetofollowourheart44.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinPara.3mean?A.cameacross B.dealtwith C.survived D.supported答案：41-44BADA(一)Therehasbeenanoutpouringoflovefora23-year-olddisabledwomanwhosedogwaskilledinfrontofherwhileagroomer(美容師)triedtotrim(修剪)itsclaws.CallsandemailscamefromasfarawayastheUpperPeninsulaandArizonaaswellasOaklandandMacombcounties,offeringLaurieCrouch,whousesawheelchairbecauseofmultiplesclerosis(硬化癥),everythingfromdogstomoney,suchasthatfromJasonDalyofRosevillewhosaid,“Iwouldliketobuyheranewdog.AstoryaboutthedeathofCrouch’spet,Gooch,wasprintedonthefrontpageofMacombDaily.CrouchsaidagroomertiedGoochupwithacollar,andthensheandamansatonthedogtotrimitsnails.Goochdiedafteroneclawwastrimmed.CrouchyelledatthegroomertostopwhenshesawGoochwasstrugglingtobreathe,butshesaidshewasignored.“IfIcouldhavewalked,Iwouldhaveputmyhandsonherandpulledheroffmydogandphysicallystoppedher,butIcan’tdothat.”Goochwasnotatrainedserviceanimal,butnaturallyhelpedCrouchbypickingupthingsforher“Thiscaseisabsoluteanimalabuse(虐待)，”LarryObrecht,divisionmanageroftheOaklandCountyAnimalShelterinAuburnHills,said.PeoplewhoreadthestorycontactedOaklandPresstoofferhelp.Amessage,fromRebeccaAmettofGigglesNWigglesPuppyRescue,inRoseville,said,“Wehavepuppiestodonate…andwanttohelptheyoungwomanwholostherservicedog.”“WhenGoochwaswithme,Iwashappy，”Crouchsaid，“IthinkIcanbehappyagainbutnoanimalcanreplaceGooch.There’snevergoingtobeanotherGoochouttherebutIthinkIwillfindadogthatcanbringmejoyagain.”()1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A．Adisabledwoman’sservicedog.B．Acruelgroomerkilledadisabledwoman’sdog.C．People’sloveforadisabledwomanwholostherdog.D．Adisabledwomanlovestohavethedogascompany()2.Peoplecalledandemailedto________.A．givetheirangryvoicetothegroomerB．offerhelpandcaretoLaurieCrouchC．tellCrouchhowtopunishthegroomerD．offeracureforCrouch’sdisease()3.Goochdiedmainlybecause________.A．thegroomerwascarelessB．thegroomerdidn’tknowhowtotrimthedog’snailsC．thegroomersatonthedogwithanothermanD．thedogwaswearingacollar()4.WhatdoweknowaboutCrouch’sdog?A．Itwasaspeciallytrainedservicedog.B．Itwastrainedtodomanythingsforpeople.C．ItwasCrouch’sonlyfriend.D．ItcouldoffersomehelptoCrouch.()5.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.A．CrouchmustbesadafterlosingherdogB．CrouchrefusedtotakeanotherdogC．CrouchhasacceptedanotherdogfromastrangerD．Crouchcanlivewellwithoutadog’scompany答案：CBCDAB（高考真題）Ifwomenaremercilesslyexploited（剝削）yearafteryear,theyhaveonlythemselvestoblame.Becausetheytrembleatthethoughtofbeingseeninpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores.Clotheswhichhavebeenwornonlyafewtimeshavetobeputasidebecauseofthechangeoffashion.Changingfashionsarenothingmorethantheintentionalcreationofwaste.Manywomenspendlargesumsofmoneyeachyeartoreplaceclothesthathavehardlybeenworn.Womenwhocannotaffordtothrowawayclothinginthisway,wastehoursoftheirtimechangingtheirold-fashioneddresses.Skirtsarelengthenedorshortened;neck-linesareloweredorraised,andsoon.Noonecanclaimthatthefashionindustrycontributesanythingreallyimportanttosociety.Fashiondesignersarerarelyconcernedwithnecessarythingslikewarmth,comfortanddurability（耐用）.Theyareonlyinterestedinoutwardappearanceandtheytakeadvantageofthefactthatwomenwillputupwithanyamountofdiscomfort,aslongastheylookright.Therecanhardlybeamanwhohasn’tatsometimeinhislifesmiledatthesightofawomanshakinginathindressonawinterday,orpickingherwaythroughdeepsnowinhighheeledshoes.Whencomparingmenandwomeninthematteroffashion,theconclusionstobedrawnareobvious.Dotheconstantlychangingfashionsofwomen’sclothes,onewonders,reflectbasicqualitiesofinconstancyandinstability?Menaretooclevertoletthemselvesbecheatedbyfashiondesigners.Dotheirunchangingstylesofdressreflectbasicqualitiesofstabilityandreliability（穩(wěn)定耐用）?Thatisforyoutodecide.45.Designersandbigstoresalwaysmakemoney______. A.bymercilesslyexploitingwomenintheclothingindustry B.becausetheyaregoodatpredictingnewfashions C.byconstantlychangingthefashionsinwomen'sclothing D.astheyattachgreatimportancetoqualityinwomen’sclothing46.Tothewriter,thefactthatwomenchangetheirold-fashioneddressesisseenas______. A.awasteofmoney B.awasteoftime C.anexpressionoftaste D.anexpressionofbeauty47.Newfashionsinclothingarecreatedfor______. A.thecommercialexploitationofwomenB.thewomen’sstrengthofcharacter C.basicqualitiesofinconstancyandinstability D.animportantcontributiontosociety48.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______. A.women’sinconstancyinchoosingclothesisoftenlaughedat B.womenarebetterabletoputupwithdiscomfort C.menarealsoexploitedgreatlybyfashiondesigners D.menaremorereasonableinthematteroffashion答案：45-48CBAD專題三新聞報道型閱讀理解新聞報道類短文在高考閱讀理解中屢屢出現(xiàn)，已經(jīng)引起了大家的留意?？忌陂喿x此類文章時，應(yīng)當(dāng)留意以下幾個方面：1．假如有標(biāo)題的話，要重視新聞報道文章的標(biāo)題標(biāo)題通常點(diǎn)明短文的主題思想，例如：通過某文的標(biāo)題OldComputersMakeforUnhappyWorkersSurvey說明本篇報道的主題就是陳舊電腦設(shè)備導(dǎo)致工人不滿，并告知讀者這是一份調(diào)查報告。但是高考試卷中的大部分新聞報道都會有意識地刪掉標(biāo)題，以考查考生對主題思想的歸納概括實(shí)力。2．重視新聞報道文章的導(dǎo)語部分由于高考試卷中的大部分新聞報道短文都會有意識地刪掉標(biāo)題，因此全文的主題和論點(diǎn)這時必需通過理解和分析導(dǎo)語部分來獲得。考生可以從導(dǎo)語部分的開頭來了解該新聞報道的來源和時間，假如某篇報道開頭是Beijing，讀者可以了解到該篇報道是由中國國內(nèi)報道的。假如是NewYork，那么考生就會知道這篇報道是來自于美國方面的報道。因此考生要想駕馭新聞報道的主題或論點(diǎn)概況，必需細(xì)致閱讀導(dǎo)語。導(dǎo)語(lead)就是指新聞報道的第一段或第一、二段，它是新聞報道最基本內(nèi)容的概括和濃縮，它通常反映新聞報道的主題或論點(diǎn)。3．重視每個段落的鏈接新聞報道通常結(jié)構(gòu)看似比較松散，而事實(shí)上并非如此。新聞報道的正文主要是對導(dǎo)語部分所供應(yīng)的主題信息的相關(guān)細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行敘述或爭論。新聞報道在敘述或爭論過程中其正文部分往往由許多短小的段落組成，但是這些短小的段落卻是依據(jù)肯定的時間、邏輯或空間等依次進(jìn)行綻開，環(huán)環(huán)相扣，因此結(jié)構(gòu)仍舊很緊湊。4．重視新聞報道文章的閱讀方法英文報刊的新聞報道和中文報刊一樣，都在真實(shí)的原則下，力求簡潔生動，有吸引力，能快而準(zhǔn)地給讀者供應(yīng)信息，傳達(dá)時事。作者往往開宗明義，將一則消息的主要內(nèi)容濃縮在第一段里，使讀者一看就能略知此新聞報道的主題思想。所以說新聞報道的第一段是全文的精華和縮影，我們必需重視對該段的閱讀和分析。5．重視和熟識新聞英語的常用短詞由于報刊的篇幅有限，新聞報道在詞匯的運(yùn)用上也力求刪繁就簡，即以短詞取代長詞，其用詞強(qiáng)調(diào)簡明扼要，切中要害。新聞標(biāo)題中常見的縮寫詞主要有三種：(1)組織機(jī)構(gòu)的簡稱，如：CPC中國共產(chǎn)黨，CPPCC中國人民政治協(xié)商會議，UNESCO聯(lián)合國教科文組織，EEC歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體，NATO北大西洋公約組織，OPEC石油輸出國組織，IRA愛爾蘭共和軍。(2)表示職務(wù)或職業(yè)特征的各種人物名稱，如：MP國會議員，VIP重要人物，DJ無線電唱片音樂節(jié)目廣播員。(3)某些大家熟識的事物名稱，如：TB肺結(jié)核，DJI道瓊斯工業(yè)平均指數(shù)，UFO飛碟(不明飛行物)。此外，新聞標(biāo)題還廣泛運(yùn)用簡縮詞，即通過“截短法”或“縮短法”構(gòu)成的截頭、去尾或把兩個詞各取一部分合在一起而構(gòu)成的短詞。[2011·江蘇卷]AccordingtotheUSgovernment,windfarmsoffthePacificcoastcouldproduce900gigawattsofelectricityeveryyear.Unfortunately,thewaterthereisfartoodeepforeventhetallestwindmills(seepicture)totouchbottom.AnexperimentunderwayoffthecoastofNorway,however,couldhelpputthemanywhere.Theproject,calledHywind,istheworld’sfirstlargescaledeepwaterwindturbine(渦輪發(fā)電機(jī))．AlthoughitusesaTheproject,calledHywind,istheworld’sfirstlargescaledeepwaterwindturbine(渦輪發(fā)電機(jī))．AlthoughitusesaTheproject,calledHywind,istheworld’sfirstlargescaledeepwaterwindturbine(渦輪發(fā)電機(jī))．AlthoughitusesaTheproject,calledHywind,istheworld’sfirstlargescaledeepwaterwindturbine(渦輪發(fā)電機(jī))．Althoughitusesafairlystandard152ton,2.3megawattturbine,Hywindrepresentstotallynewtechnology.Theturbinewillbefixed213feetabovethewateronafloatingspar(seepicture)，atechnologyHywind’screator,theNorwegiancompanyStatoilHydro,hasdevelopedrecently.Thesteelspar,whichisfilledwithstonesandgoes328feetbelowtheseasurface,willbetiedtotheoceanfloorbythreecables(纜索)；thesewillkeepthesparstableandpreventtheturbinefrommovingupanddowninthewaves.Hywind’sstability(穩(wěn)定性)inthecoldandroughseawouldprovethateventhedeepestcornersoftheoceanaresuitableforwindpower.Ifallgoesaccordingtoplan,theturbinewillstartproducingelectricitysixmilesoffthecoastofsouthwesternNorwayasearlyasSeptember.Toproduceelectricityonalargescale,acommercialwindfarmwillhavetousebiggerturbinesthanHywinddoes,butit’sdifficultenoughtobalancesuchalargeturbinesohighonafloatingsparinthemiddleoftheocean.Tomakethatturbineheavier,thewholespar’scentreofgravitymustbemovedmuchclosertotheocean’ssurface.Todothat，thecompanyplanstodesignanewkindofwindturbine,onewhosegearbox(變速箱)sitsatsealevelratherthanbehindtheblades(seepicture)．Hywindisatestrun,butthebenefitsforperfectingfloatingwindfarmtechnologycouldbeextremelylarge.Outatsea,thewindisoftenstrongerandsteadierthanclosetoshore,whereallexistingoffshorewindmillsareplanted.Deepseafarmsareinvisiblefromland,whichhelpsovercomethewindmillaseyesoreobjection.Ifthetechnologycatcheson,itwillopenupvastareasoftheplanet’ssurfacetooneofthebestlowcarbonpowersourcesavailable.()1.TheHywindprojectusestotallynewtechnologytoensurethestabilityof________.A．thecableswhichtiethespartotheoceanfloorB．thesparwhichisfloatingindeepseawaterC．thebladesdrivenbystrongandsteadyseawindD．thestonesfilledinthesparbelowtheseasurface()2.Tobalanceabiggerturbinehighonafloatingspar,anewtypeofturbineistobedesignedwithitsgearboxsitting________.A．ontheseafloorB．onthespartopC．a(chǎn)tsealevelD．behindtheblades()3.Wideapplicationsofdeepwaterwindpowertechnologycan________.A．solvethetechnicalproblemsofdeepwaterwindmillsB．makefinancialprofitsbyproducingmoreturbinesC．settletheargumentsaboutenvironmentalproblemsD．explorelowcarbonpowerresourcesavailableatsea答案：BCD(一)OneofNigeria’smostfamoussingershasgoneonhungerstrikeoutsidethegatesoftheNationalTelevisionAuthorityinprotestatwhatshesaysisitsrefusaltopayroyaltiesonhersongs.OnyekaOnwenu’sprotesthasattractedwidespreadsupportfromotherNigerianmusicians,whooftencomplainthattheydonotreceiveroyalties(版稅)whentheirsongsarebroadcastontelevisionandradio.ThepopsingerOnyekaOnwenuhasbeensittingoutsidethegatesoftheNigerianTelevisionStationforthepastthreedays.Shesaysthatduringthattimeshe’snoteatenbutthatshehashadsomeorangejuice.Othermusiciansaretakingturnstositwithherinashowofsupport.‘Showmethemoney’MsOnwenuappearstobeinadeterminedstateofmind.“Imeantostayonthishungerstrikebecauseitisofgreatimportance.”“Wefindthattheentertainmentindustryishavinghardtimes.Manyartistsarepoor，they’redyingofhunger.”“Thesearepeoplewhoarefamous,peoplewhohavemadegreatcontributionstotheindustryinNigeriaandwefeelthatthishasgottocometoanend.”PeaceofferingThegovernmentthatownedNigerianTelevisionAuthority,orNTA,saiditwouldliketosettletheissueinafriendlywayandhasdeniedMsOnwenu’sclaimthatshehasbeenpreventedfromappearingonitsstations.Whatevertheresult,MsOnwenuhasalreadywonthebattletodrawattentiontothisissuewhichmusiciansandotherartistsfeelsostronglyabout.TheysaythatifroyaltiesarenotpaidinapoorcountrylikeNigeria,itwillbecomeimpossibletoattractnewtalentintothearts.()1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．ApeacefulhungerstrikeforfreedomB．NigerianmusiciansfightingforlifeC．ANigeriansingeronhungerstrikeD．Let’sunitetogetherandfighthunger()2.WhatisthedirectreasonforOnyekaOnwenugoingonthehungerstrike?A．Shewantstoshowoffherinfluence.B．Shehasn’tgotapaymentforhersongs.C．Sheintendstoattractmorenewartists.D．Manyartistsaredyingofhunger.()3.Whichofthefollowingissupportedbythetext?A．OnyekaOnwenu’sprotestwillendinfailure.B．OnyekaOnwenu’sprotesthasmadeabigdifference.C．Nigerianartistsaresatisfiedwiththeirlife.D．OnyekaOnwenufeelshopefulabouttheentertainmentindustry.答案：CBB(二)BARCELONA(Reute