自編大一Unit1市公開(kāi)課一等獎(jiǎng)省賽課微課金獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

ZoomingIn:AnIntegratedEnglishCourse新世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)1外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院英語(yǔ)第一教研室厚德博學(xué)筑基建業(yè)

1/115Unit1LearningaLanguage

TextALearningaLanguage

2/115CONTENTSBeforeReadingQuotesLead-inAfterReadingUsefulExpressionsDetailedReadingTextTranslationCarefulReadingKeyWordsFastReadingTranslationExercisesWarm-upVideo3/115Watch

thevideoclip

andgiveyouraccountofit.

LearnForeignLanguage.flv4/1153.Whatsounddidthegoldenfishmakeout?1.Whatdidyouseefromthevideo?

4.Whydidthefishmakesuchasound?

Questionsonthevideo5.Whatdoesthisvideoimply?2.Whatdoesthebackgroundmusicsoundlike?5/115Inthisvideowecanseeabeautifulgoldenfishwasswimmingleisurelyandcarefree.Suddenly,afatcatcameup.Whenthecatwasabouttohavethefishasitsdinner,thesmartfishscareditaway.1.Whatdidyouseefromthevideo?

Questionsonthevideo6/115Thebackgroundmusicsoundsdangerous.2.

Whatdoesthebackgroundmusicsoundlike?

Questionsonthevideo7/115Itjustimitatedadog’svoice.

2.Whatsounddidthegoldenfishmakeout?

Questionsonthevideo8/115Becausedogsarecats’naturalenemies.AccordingtosomeChinesetalescatsarereallyafraidofdogs.3.Whydidthefishimitateadog’svoice?

Questionsonthevideo9/115Thisvideoimpliesthatknowingaforeignlanguageisveryimportant.Itevencansaveyourlifewhenyouareindanger.AnothergoodexampleisthatYangZirongsoonwontheconfidenceofZuoShandiaobybeingabletotalkintheirjargon.4.Whatdoesthisvideoimply?

Questionsonthevideo10/115IfYouDon’tWanttoLoseit,UseIt!

Languageexertshiddenpower,likethemoononthetides.——RitaMaeBrown(AnAmericanwomennovelist)假如不想忘記，就使用它。

Quotes語(yǔ)言有種隱含力量，如同月亮作用于潮汐。11/115Whoeverisnotacquaintedwith

foreignlanguagesknowsnothingofhisown.

——Goethe

不論是誰(shuí)，不熟悉外語(yǔ)，就對(duì)自己語(yǔ)言一無(wú)所知。

Quotes12/115QuotesLanguageisnotanabstractconstruction

ofthelearned,orofdictionary-makers,butissomethingarisingoutof

thework,needs,ties,joys,affections,tastesoflonggenerationsofhumanity,andhasitsbasesbroadandlow,closetotheground.—WaltWhitman

語(yǔ)言并非是學(xué)者和詞典編寫(xiě)者構(gòu)建抽象概念，而是源于人類長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)工作、需求、人際交流、幸福和情感以及品味，有著貼近民眾廣泛并穩(wěn)固基礎(chǔ)。

——沃爾特惠特曼

13/115

Ihaven’tconqueredSpanishyet.I’mlearningandunderstandwhat’ssaidduringtraining.I’mprogressinglittlebylittle.Spanishisverydifficultforme,althoughIamgettingusedtoit.I’mmakinganeffort.It’scomplicated.ButifIcanconquerSpanish,itwillhavebeenagreatachievement.——DavidBeckham

我還沒(méi)征服西班牙語(yǔ)。我在學(xué)，訓(xùn)練中也能聽(tīng)懂。我在一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)地進(jìn)步。西班牙語(yǔ)對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)極難，但我在漸漸適應(yīng)。我在努力。西班牙語(yǔ)極難學(xué)。不過(guò)，一旦我征服了西班牙語(yǔ)，那將是一個(gè)了不起成就。Quotes14/115Beforereading15/115BeforereadingEnglishlearningisveryimportant,butit’snoteasy!That’swhywehavetoputsomuchtimeonEnglishlearningfromourprimaryschooltouniversity.However,someadsaroundusareclaiminglikethis:16/115Youlearnedyourfirstlanguageinbetween10,000and30,000hoursbutyouwereunconsciousmuchofthetime.WiththeSmith

approach,youcannowlearneachofyournextlanguagesinonly15hours.Maybeyou’vealreadytriedtolearnalanguagebutrealizeditwasallinvain.Don’tgiveup.It’stimetochangeyourapproach!Inonlythirtydays,you’lllearntospeakEnglishorwe’llrefundyourmoney.Youdon’thaveanythingtolose...YoucanstarttospeakEnglishnow!Advertisement17/115ForYourEarsOnly

Learnlikeaspy!Smithcourseshelppeoplewhoneedtolearnanotherlanguagequickly.Ourcoursesspent40yearsdevelopingandarenowusedbythebusinessprofessionalseverywhere.StartspeakingEnglishin30daysorreceiveafullandcourteousrefund.Youhavenothingtoloose!YoureallycanlearneverythingyouneedtospeakEnglishfluentlyinonly15hours!Numerousstudieshaverevealedthatineverycountry,nativespeakersuseonlyabout2,500distinctwordsandphrasesonadailybasis.Dr.Smithspenthislifetimestudyingtheselanguagebuildingblocks.WiththeSmithapproach,it’snothowmanywordsyouknow,butrather,whichwordsyoucanuse.Byaimingeachlessonatteachingyoutousethose2,500words,theSmithapproachteachesyoutospeakthemostEnglishintheleastamountoftime.18/115TolearnEnglishwell,you’dbetter...BeforereadingTipsforBeginners1Listentotheradio2WatchEnglishTVprogrammes3TalktoyourselfinEnglish4Recordyourownvoice5Readsomethingeveryday6Recordvocabularyinapersonaldictionary7AlwayshaveanEnglish-Englishdictionarynearby8Readattheappropriatelevel9Keepadiary/journal10Listentoautomatedansweringmachinerecordings19/115BeforereadingDon’talwayshaveapeninhand.Sometimesithelpstojustlisten.Children’sprogrammingisveryusefulforESLlearners.RememberthatmuchofwhatyouhearonTVisslang.Talkaboutanythingandeverything.Doitintheprivacyofyourownhome.Ifyoucan’tdothisatfirst,tryreadingoutlouduntilyoufeelcomfortablehearingyourownvoiceinEnglish.20/115Thismightfeelveryuncomfortable,butitwillhelpyoufindyourweakpointsinpronunciation.Listentoyourselfafewdayslater.Whichsoundsdoyouhavedifficultyhearing?BeforereadingChildren’sbooks,simplifiedreaders,newspapers,magazines,Internetsites,novels,andmuchmuchmore...Keepthisseparatefromothernotebooks.Writesamplesentencesforyourselfandreviewyourpersonaldictionaryeverynightbeforebed.21/115BeforereadingYouwanttolearnnewvocabulary,butyoualsowanttounderstandwhatyouarereading.Ifyouarelookingupeveryword,thereadingistoodifficult.Don’talwayspayattentiontogrammar.Free-writingcanbeveryuseful.Itcanshowyouthatwritingisfun.Havefunwiththelanguage.22/115ALanguageTeacher’sPersonalOpinionTextA23/115AsEnglishisbecominganinternationallanguageandthusausefultoolforpeopleintheworldtocommunicatewithoneanother,moreandmorepeoplearelearningEnglish.Andtheynaturallyhopethattheycanbecomecompetentusersofthislanguagewithintheshortestpossibletime.Butarethereeasier,quickerwaystomasterEnglish?Readthefollowingessayandseewhatalanguageteacherhastosay.Lead-in24/115ScanPara.1andfocusonthefollowingquestions.WhatdoadvertisementsforEnglishlearningalwaysclaim?Fast-reading2.WhydothoseadsalsorefertofamouswriterslikeWilliamShakespeareorCharlesDickens?3.Whatisthewriter’sresponsetosuchads?Tips25/115ReferenceanswerstothequestionsonPara.11.TheyalwaysclaimthatitiseasytolearnEnglish;itneithertakesmuchtimenoreffort.Fast-reading2.BothWilliamShakespeareandCharlesDickensweregreatwritersandareconsideredasgreatmastersoftheEnglishlanguage.TheadsintendtousethetwoBritishwriterstoencouragestudentstojointheminlearningEnglishsothattheycouldmakemoremoney.3.It’simpossibletolearnEnglishwellinashorttime;Manypeoplemustbelievetheseads.26/115Fast-readingQuestionsonPara.22.DoestheauthorfeelsatisfiedwiththefactthateveryteacherhashisorherownwayofteachingEnglish?IsthereaperfectwayofteachingEnglishineverypossiblesituation?No.Thereareasmanygoodmethodsofteachingalanguageastherearegoodteachers.2.No.Theauthorrecognizesthefactbutdoesnotfeelhappyaboutitbecausehethinkssimplypointingoutthefactdoesnothelpstudentsmuch.27/115Whatarethetwoextremesconcerningthebeliefsoflanguagelearning?Fast-readingQuestionsonPara.32.Doesthewritersupporttheideathatalanguageisbestlearnedwhereitisspoken?Doyouagreewiththewriter?Somebelievethattheonlywaytolearnaforeignlanguageistospendmuchtimeinthetargetcountry;somelearnersclaimthattheycanmasteraforeignlanguagejustbyself-studywithonlythehelpofdictionaries.2.Yes,hedoes.Heregardsitasanadvantagetogoabroadandstudyinthetargetcountry.Inmyopinion,…28/115Whatistheauthor’sopinionaboutlearninganewlanguage?Fast-readingQuestionsonPara.52.Whatdistinguisheshumanbeingsfromparrotsandchimpanzeesaccordingtothewriter?1.Theauthorbelievesthatnoonecanlearnanewlanguagewellenoughunlessheorsheisinterestedinit.Healsothinksthatthewayoflearningtospeakandwriteinanotherlanguageisprobablysimilartothewayoflearningone’smothertongue.2.Parrotsandchimpanzeesmakenoisesthataremeaninglesswhilethespeechsoundshumanbeingsmakearemeaningfulandtheycanrelatethemtotheirownlives.Inotherwords,humanbeinguselanguagetocommunicate.29/1151.Whatdoesthewriteremphasizetowardstheendofthisessay?Fast-readingQuestionsonParas.61.Thewriterwantstoemphasizetheideathatlanguagelearningshouldbebasedon“realsituations”in“reallife’andthelanguagewelearnshouldbe“reallanguage.”30/115FindthemainideaofeachparagraphPara.1Para.2Para.3Para.4Para.5Para.6Fast-reading31/115Para.1(Page9)Accordingtotheauthor,Eng.Learningisnotaseasyasadsclaim.Fast-reading32/115Para.2Thereisnosuchthingasagoodmethodthatsuitsallstudentsineverysituation.Fast-reading33/115Para.3Peopleusedtobelievethattheonlywaytolearnalanguagewellwastospendalongtimeinitsnativecountry,butsomethinktheycanlearnaforeignlanguageathomewiththehelpofdictionaries.Fast-reading34/115Para.4Teachingmethodsbasedonthebehaviouristtheorymaynotwork,ashumanbeingsarenotparrotsorchimpanzees.Fast-reading35/115Para.5Internetisthekeytolearningalanguage,whichisameansofcommunication.Fast-reading36/115Para.6Tolearnalanguagewell,itisimportantthatwehaveotherpeopletotalktoandlistento.Fast-reading37/115CarefulReading38/115AfterReading_4.4ShakespeareorCharlesDickenstoencouragehimevenmore.WhenIseeadvertisementslikethis,Idon’tknowwhethertolaughorcry.IfitwereaseasytolearnEnglishastheysay,Iwouldhavetolookforanotherjob,becauseveryfewqualifiedteacherswouldbeneeded.Butalargenumberofpeoplemustbelievetheseridiculousclaims,orelsetheadvertisementswouldnotappear.

1.EverydayIseeadvertisementsinthenewspapersandonthebusesclaimingthatitiseasytolearnEnglish.Accordingtotheseadvertisements,withverylittleeffortonthestudent’spart,hewillbeabletospeakthelanguagefluentlyinthreemonthsoreventendays.Thereisoftenareference

toWilliamTextAALanguageTeacher’sPersonalOpinionWillPidcroftChinese39/115BeforeReading_leadindiscussion

2.Itisnaturalforstudentstobeattractedtomethodsthatwillteachthemasquicklyandefficientlyandcheaplyaspossible.Butitisdifficultforanyonetoexplaininsimplelanguagewhyonemethodisbetterthananother,anditisnousepretendingthatanyonehasdiscoveredaperfectwayofteachingEnglishineverypossiblesituation.Someexpertsevenarguethatthereareasmanygoodmethodsofteachingalanguageastherearegoodteachers,becauseeveryteacherisanindividualwithhisownpersonality.Nodoubt

thisistruetoacertainextent,butitisnotveryhelpfultostudents.TextAChinese40/1153.Foralongtimepeoplebelievedthattheonlywaytolearnalanguagewastospendagreatdealoftimeinacountrywhereitwasspoken.OfcourseitisclearthatstudentswhogotoEngland,America,orAustraliatolearnEnglishhavea

great

advantage

overothers,butalargenumberofstudentscannotaffordtodoso.Somestudentsgotothe

opposite

extreme

andthinktheycanteachthemselvesathomewithdictionaries.

ButitiswrongtoassumethateachwordinEnglishhasapreciseequivalent

inanotherlanguageandvice

versa,anditisimpossibleforanytranslationmethodtoprovidestudentswiththenaturalformsofalanguageinspeech,letalone

producegoodpronunciationandintonation.BeforeReading_consumerismTextAChinese41/115

5-1.Inmypersonalopinion,noonecaneverlearntospeakEnglishoranyotherlanguageunlessheisinterestedinit.Humanbeings,unlikeparrotsandchimpanzees,donotlikemakingnoisesunlesstheyunderstandwhatthenoisesmeanandcanrelatethemtotheirownlives.

Itisworthrememberingthatlanguageisameansofcommunication.

4.Agreatdealofteachingisstillbasedonbehavioristpsychology.Behavioristsarefondofmakingstudentsrepeatphrasesandmakingthemdoexerciseswheretheycontinuallyhavetochangeonewordinasentence.Ifwewereparrotsorchimpanzees,thesemethodsmightbesuccessful.Alargenumberoftheoristsseemtothinkitisapitywearen’t,becauseitwouldmakeiteasiertousetheirmethods.TextAChinese42/115BeforeReading_voluntarysimplicity1VoluntarySimplicity5-2.Whatpeoplewanttosayandwriteinanotherlanguageisprobablyverysimilartowhattheywanttosayandwriteintheirown.Whattheylistentoandreadcannotbeaformula.Itmustbereal.

6.Thereisanotherrelevantpointworthmentioninghere.Weneedotherpeopletotalktoandlistentowhenwecommunicate.Ifwhatwearelearningisstrangetous,itwillbehelpfulifthereareotherstudentsarounduswhocanworkwithusandpractisetheunfamiliarformswithusinrealsituations,talkingtoeachotheraboutreallifeinreallanguage.TextAChinese43/115Translation一位語(yǔ)言教師個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)

1.

我天天都會(huì)在報(bào)紙上、公交車(chē)上看到各種廣告，聲稱輕輕松松學(xué)英語(yǔ)。廣告宣稱學(xué)生無(wú)須費(fèi)勁，只需三個(gè)月，乃至十天就能說(shuō)一口流利英語(yǔ)。廣告還經(jīng)常提到威廉·莎士比亞和查爾斯·狄更斯等英語(yǔ)文學(xué)大師名號(hào)來(lái)增強(qiáng)吸引力。每當(dāng)看到諸如這類廣告時(shí)，我真是哭笑不得：假如學(xué)英語(yǔ)真像這些廣告所說(shuō)那么輕松，我恐怕得另謀出路了，因?yàn)椴恍枰敲炊嗪细裼⒄Z(yǔ)教師了。不過(guò)必定有許多人相信這些可笑噱頭，不然話這些廣告也不可能出現(xiàn)。課文譯文44/115

2.學(xué)生們喜歡實(shí)惠速成學(xué)習(xí)方法也在情理之中，但要用淺顯易懂語(yǔ)言去解釋為何某一方法比另一方法更有效并不是一件簡(jiǎn)單事，而且也無(wú)需裝模作樣地聲稱有什么人已經(jīng)找到了一個(gè)萬(wàn)能適合全部學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境教學(xué)方法。一些教授甚至認(rèn)為，有多少個(gè)好老師就有多少種好教學(xué)方法，因?yàn)槊恳粋€(gè)老師都有其本身特點(diǎn)。這種說(shuō)法無(wú)疑是有幾分道理，但對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)不是很有幫助。

Translation課文譯文45/115

3.有很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間，人們認(rèn)為要學(xué)好一門(mén)語(yǔ)言，只有去使用那種語(yǔ)言國(guó)家待上一段時(shí)間。當(dāng)然去英國(guó)、美國(guó)、或者澳大利亞等國(guó)家學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)生必定比那些不能去學(xué)生含有很大優(yōu)勢(shì)，不過(guò)很多學(xué)生支付不起那筆費(fèi)用。有些學(xué)生走向另一極端：他們認(rèn)為能夠借助詞典在家自學(xué)。假如你認(rèn)為英語(yǔ)中每一個(gè)詞在另一語(yǔ)言中都有完全對(duì)等詞（或反之亦然），那就錯(cuò)了。經(jīng)過(guò)翻譯法來(lái)給學(xué)生講解口語(yǔ)自然形式是不可能，更不要說(shuō)做到語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)氣地道了。

Translation課文譯文46/1154.現(xiàn)在大量教學(xué)活動(dòng)還是建立在行為主義心理學(xué)基礎(chǔ)之上。行為主義者熱衷于讓學(xué)生復(fù)述短語(yǔ)，不停做一些只需更換句中某個(gè)詞練習(xí)。假如我們是鸚鵡或黑猩猩，那這些方法或許能奏效，可惜我們不是，這似乎讓很多理論家引認(rèn)為憾，不然他們提出那些方法用起來(lái)就會(huì)輕易得多了。5-1.我個(gè)人認(rèn)為，假如沒(méi)有興趣，任何人都不可能學(xué)好英語(yǔ)或其它任何語(yǔ)言。與鸚鵡或黑猩猩不一樣，人類不會(huì)無(wú)緣無(wú)故地發(fā)出噪音，除非他們明白這些聲音是什么意思，而且能將其與自己生活聯(lián)絡(luò)起來(lái)。值得切記是：語(yǔ)言是一個(gè)交際伎倆。Translation課文譯文47/1155-2.人們?cè)谀刚Z(yǔ)中怎么說(shuō)怎么寫(xiě)，用另一個(gè)語(yǔ)言表示時(shí)也大同小異。所以，人們所聽(tīng)所讀不應(yīng)該是程式化東西，聽(tīng)讀材料必須真實(shí)自然。6.還有一個(gè)相關(guān)問(wèn)題值得一提：在交際時(shí)我們需要有交談或傾聽(tīng)對(duì)象。在學(xué)習(xí)較生疏內(nèi)容時(shí)，假如有其它學(xué)生和我們?cè)趯?shí)戰(zhàn)中一起學(xué)習(xí)和練習(xí)那些陌生語(yǔ)言形式，用真實(shí)語(yǔ)言去談?wù)撜鎸?shí)生活，那一定會(huì)受益匪淺。

Translation課文譯文48/1156.還有一個(gè)相關(guān)問(wèn)題值得一提：在交際時(shí)我們需要有交談或傾聽(tīng)對(duì)象。在學(xué)習(xí)較生疏內(nèi)容時(shí)，假如有其它學(xué)生和我們?cè)趯?shí)戰(zhàn)中一起學(xué)習(xí)和練習(xí)那些陌生語(yǔ)言形式，用真實(shí)語(yǔ)言去談?wù)撜鎸?shí)生活，那一定會(huì)受益匪淺。Translation課文譯文49/1151.Whoare“WilliamShakespeare”and“CharlesDickens”?2.Whyaretheymentionedintheadvertisements?ThereisoftenareferencetoWilliamShakespeareorCharlesDickenstoencouragehimevenmore.Thepeoplewhoruntheadvertisementsjustwanttousequotationstosupporttheirpoints.Shakespeareistheworld’smostpopularplaywrightwhileDickensisthegreatestEnglishnovelistofthe19thcentury.50/115IfitwereaseasytolearnEnglishastheysay,Iwouldhavetolookforanotherjob,becauseveryfewqualifiedteacherswouldbeneeded.Whatistheauthor’sprofession?HemustbeanEnglishteacherwhosejobistotrainqualifiedEnglishteachers.51/115…,anditisnousepretendingthatanyonehasdiscoveredaperfectwayofteachingEnglishineverypossiblesituation.1.Whatarethemeaningandtheusageofthephrase“itisnouse…”?1)Thephrasemeans“ithasnoeffect…”.2)WheneverweusethisphraseweshouldalwaysusetheV-ingformafterit.It’snousecomplaining.It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk,—he’sspentallthemoney,andthere’snothingyoucandoaboutit.Moreexamples:2.TranslatethispartintoChinese.而且也無(wú)需裝模作樣地聲稱有什么人已經(jīng)找到了一個(gè)萬(wàn)能適合全部學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境教學(xué)方法。52/115Nodoubtthisistruetoacertainextent,butitisnotveryhelpfultostudents.1.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexpression“Thisistruetoacertainextent,but…”?Wecanseetheauthordoesn’ttotallyagreewiththepreviousstatement.2.Then,what,intheauthor’sopinion,ishelpfultostudents?StudentsshouldhavesomegoodmethodsinlearningEnglish.53/115Somestudentsgototheoppositeextremeandthinktheycanteachthemselvesathomewithdictionaries.Whatcanweinferfromthephrase“gototheoppositeextreme”?Fromthisphrase,wecanseethattheauthordoesn’tthinklearningEnglishbyusingdictionariesonlyisagoodmethod,either.54/115ButitiswrongtoassumethateachwordinEnglishhasapreciseequivalentinanotherlanguageandviceversa.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.假如你認(rèn)為英語(yǔ)中每一個(gè)詞在另一語(yǔ)言中都有完全對(duì)等詞（或反之亦然），那就錯(cuò)了。55/115Ifwewereparrotsorchimpanzees,thesemethodsmightbesuccessful.Whatcanweinferfromthesentence?Theauthorusessubjunctivemoodheretoshowhedisagreeswithbehaviorists.56/115Humanbeings,unlikeparrotsandchimpanzees,…canrelatethemtotheirownlives.Whydoestheauthorcomparehumanbeingswithparrotsandchimpanzees?TheauthordoessoinordertotellushumanbeingsspeakEnglishbecausetheyareinterestedinit.57/115Itislikelytogiveasatisfactoryorrewardingreturnforustokeepinmindthat

languageisawaytocommunicate.Itisworthrememberingthatlanguageisameansofcommunication.1.Payattentiontotheusageoftheword“worth”.WhenweusethisexpressionweshouldalwaysusetheV-ingformaftertheword“worth”,neveraninfinitive.2.Paraphrasethesentence.Thebookisworthreading/It’sworthreadingthebook.Moreexamples:58/115Whattheylistentoandreadcannotbeaformula.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.人們所聽(tīng)所讀不應(yīng)該是公式化東西。59/115personal:adj.

concerning,belongingto,orfortheuseofaparticularperson;privateMypersonalviewisthatthestudentsshouldbedoingmoreworkoutsidetheclassroom.WhenIwenttoherroomallherpersonalbelongingshadgone.60/115advertisement:n.apicture,shortfilm,song,etc.whichtriestopersuadepeopletobuyaproductorserviceatelevision/newspaperadvertisementforanewcarTheyputanadvertisementinTheMorningNews,offeringahighsalaryfortherightperson.Collocation:answeranadvertisement 應(yīng)廣告之聘putanadvertisementin/on 在……做廣告runanadvertisement 做廣告buythingsfrom/inadvertisements 購(gòu)置廣告上宣傳商品TheorganizersoftheconcerthadtakenoutafullpageadvertisementinTheNewYorkTimes.61/115claim:Allpartieshaveclaimedsuccessinyesterday’selections.Thecompanyclaimsthattheirproduct“makesyouthinwithoutdieting”.1.vt.statethatsth.istrue,eventhoughithasnotbeenproved戰(zhàn)斗結(jié)束后,雙方均宣稱獲勝。Afterthebattlebothsidesclaimedvictory.2.n.astatementthatsth.istrue,eventhoughithasnotbeenprovedTheymadeclaimstheycouldn’tliveupto.她對(duì)這塊土地產(chǎn)權(quán)提出要求最終得到法庭認(rèn)可。Her

claimtotheownershipofthelandwasfinallyrecognizedbythecourt.62/115onone’spart:oforbysomeoneTherehasneverbeenanyjealousyonmypart.Itwasprobablyjustamistakeonherpart.我從沒(méi)有感到忌妒。63/115fluently:adv.fluent:adj.

[oftenusedwithin](ofaperson)speaking,writing,orplayingamusicalinstrumentinaneasysmoothmannerThecompanywillgiveprioritytoanapplicantwhoisfluentinEnglish.HespeaksfluentSpanish.64/115areferencebook 參考書(shū)，工具書(shū)areferencelibrary (不外借書(shū))參考書(shū)閱覽室forreference 作參考in/withreferenceto 關(guān)于reference:n.Knowingwhathadhappened,Iavoidedmakinganyreferencetoweddings.他最近出書(shū)中提到了中東問(wèn)題。1.amentionofsth.2.sth.thatshowsyouwhereelsetolookforinformation,forexamplethepagenumberofanotherplaceinabookHisrecentbookmakesreferencestotheissueoftheMideast.Makeanoteofthereferencenumbershownontheform.3.theactoflookingatsth.forinformationUsethedictionaryforeasyreference.Keeptheirpricelistforfurtherreference.Collocation:65/115efficiently:adv.

efficient:adj.workingwell,quickly,andwithoutwasteanefficientsecretary能干秘書(shū)anefficientheatingsystem高效能供暖系統(tǒng)Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.1.Thelocalgovernmenthastakensomemeasurestoreduceunemployment.2.Weneedsomeonereallywhocanorganizetheofficeandmakeitrunsmoothly.3.Thecity’stransportsystemisoneofthemostinEurope.4.Anteacherwillalwaysproducebetterexamresults.effective_______efficient_______efficient_______effective_______這兩個(gè)形容詞都有“有效”之意。指主動(dòng)有效，效率高，效果好，節(jié)約精力。指人時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)其能干、熟練技巧。強(qiáng)調(diào)產(chǎn)生實(shí)際效果、效力或含有取得預(yù)期效果能力，指人指物都適用。CF:efficient&effectiveefficienteffective66/115argue:1.vi.disagreewithsomeoneinwords,ofteninanangryway我們聽(tīng)到鄰居正在爭(zhēng)吵。Wecouldheartheneighborsarguing.They’realwaysarguingabout/overmoney.2.v.givethereasonsforone’sopinion,idea,belief,etc.Thelawyersarguedthecaseforhours.Bakerarguedagainstcuttingthemilitarybudget.arguedown 駁倒Collocation:Theyarguedhimdownfiercely.他們狠狠地駁得他啞口無(wú)言。arguethetoss

反對(duì)某項(xiàng)已成定局決定argueout 辯論清楚Theteacherandhisclassarguedthewholematterout.老師和學(xué)生透徹地論證了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。Let’snotarguethetoss—wehavetoaccepthischoice.我們無(wú)須爭(zhēng)論已經(jīng)決定事——只好聽(tīng)他。67/115individual:1.n.asinglepersonorthing,especiallywhencomparedtothegrouporsettowhichtheybelong每一個(gè)人都有永遠(yuǎn)不可剝奪權(quán)利。Everyindividualhasrightswhichmustneverbetakenaway.anindividualeffort/contribution2.

adj.1)single;separateEachindividualpersonisresponsibleforhisownarrangements.foodservedinindividualportions

2)oforforoneperson;byorfromoneperson按一人一份供給食物個(gè)人努力/貢獻(xiàn)68/115personality:n.

1.thewholenatureorcharacterofaparticularperson他是個(gè)個(gè)性很強(qiáng)有理想人。Hewasanambitiousmanwithastrongpersonality.2.afamouspersonEveryonelovesherforhercheerfulpersonality.personalitiesfromthefilmworld影界名流RogerFedererisoneofthebest-knownpersonalitiesintheworldoftennis.費(fèi)德勒是網(wǎng)球界最著名人物之一。69/115主要指一個(gè)人穩(wěn)定心理特征。比如：Thoughtheirpersonalitiesdiffered,theygotalongasfriends.即使他們性格迥異，但卻相處友好。Whatdoesherhandwritingtellyouabouthercharacter?你從她書(shū)法中看出她有什么樣個(gè)性?It’shisnaturetobekindtopeople.他天生為人厚道。Thegirlhasasweettemper.那女孩性情溫婉。這些名詞都有“性格、氣質(zhì)、性情、習(xí)性”之意。CF:personality,character,nature&tempernaturecharactertemperpersonality指天生、不可改變性格。比如：指從感情方面表達(dá)出來(lái)、決定處理問(wèn)題方式性格或性情，這種性情能夠是暫時(shí)也能夠是長(zhǎng)久。比如：指對(duì)個(gè)性或人格所作出客觀評(píng)價(jià)，經(jīng)常與道德相關(guān)。比如：70/115nodoubt:

almostcertainly,veryprobably想必你要在吃飯前打開(kāi)行李休息一下。Nodoubtyou’llwanttounpackandhavearestbeforedinner.Wewill,nodoubt,discusstheseissuesagainatthenextmeeting.71/115toacertainextent:tothedegreespecified他們資金在一定程度上來(lái)自廣告收入。Theyarefinancedtoacertainextentbyadvertisingrevenue.Iagreewithwhatyousaytoacertainextent.72/115haveanadvantage(over):havesth.thathelpsonetobemoresuccessfulthanothersHerexperiencemeantthatshehadabigadvantageoverheropponent.Peoplewhohavebeentouniversityhaveabigadvantagewhenitcomes

tofindingjobs.73/115gotoextremes:acttooviolentlyorbehaveinanextremeway他們往往持極端觀點(diǎn)。Theyoftengotoextremesintheirviews.gofromoneextremetotheother 從一個(gè)極端走向另一個(gè)極端bedriven/forcedtoextremes 被迫走極端Collocation:Inthejungle,theyweredriventoextremesinordertosurvive.在叢林中，他們?yōu)榱松姹黄炔扇O端行動(dòng)。intheextreme極端，極度，非常Hermannerwasfriendlyandwelcomingintheextreme.她態(tài)度極其友好熱情。74/115assume:vt.

accept(sth.)astruebeforethereisproof

我假定他說(shuō)是真。Iassumedhisstorytobetrue.Thereportwasassumedtobevalid.Iassumedthatyoukneweachotherbecauseyouwenttothesameschool.這些動(dòng)詞均含有“假設(shè)，猜測(cè)，推測(cè)”之意。指無(wú)依據(jù)地武斷推測(cè)或不合邏輯地推理。強(qiáng)調(diào)以過(guò)去經(jīng)驗(yàn)或依據(jù)現(xiàn)實(shí)一些感覺(jué)把某事認(rèn)定為是事實(shí)。慣用詞，意義較廣泛，指缺乏確切事實(shí)、依據(jù)一些現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行推測(cè)，也可指為論證而提出合乎邏輯推理某種假定，有時(shí)僅表示個(gè)人意見(jiàn)。CF:assume,presume&supposeassumepresumesuppose75/115Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.1.Manyscientiststhenewdamagetotheforeststobetheresultofhigherlevelsofpollution.2.Ididn’tseeyourcar,soIyou’dgoneout.3.Wehavenoreasontothatthegirlisdead.assumed________presumed_________suppose_______76/115precise:adj.

exactinform,detail,measurements,time,etc.就在我昏倒之時(shí)，他一把拉住了我。HecaughtmeattheprecisemomentthatIfainted.Itwasdifficulttogetpreciseinformationonwhenthewarbrokeout.NB:

注意該詞詞性改變，它副詞形式、名詞形式與反義詞分別為：

precisely，precision和imprecise。77/115equivalent:美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)大致相當(dāng)于英國(guó)議會(huì)。TheUSCongressisroughlyequivalenttotheBritishParliament.ThereisnoEnglishequivalentfor“bonappétit”sowehaveadoptedtheFrenchexpression.1.n.sth.thathasthesamevalue,purpose,function,etc.assth.else2.

adj.havingthesameamount,value,purpose,qualities,etc.Ihadnodollars,butofferedhimanequivalentamountofsterling.78/115viceversa:usedtostatethatitisalsotruewiththemainitemsintheprecedingstatementtheotherwayround男孩可能會(huì)拒絕與女孩一起玩，女孩也一樣。Theboysmayrefusetoplaywiththegirls,andviceversa.Hedoesn’ttrusther,andviceversa.79/115Thisbookletprovidesusefulinformationaboutlocalservices.這本小冊(cè)子提供了當(dāng)?shù)馗黝惙?wù)有用信息。provide:vt.

givesth.tosomeoneormakeitavailabletothem,becausetheyneeditorwantitPuttingmorepoliceonpatroldoesn’tprovidearealsolutiontotheproblemofincreasingviolence.Pattern:providesb.withsth.providesth.forsb.Theprojectisdesignedtoprovideyoungpeoplewithwork.旅館為客人們提供擦鞋服務(wù)。Thehotelprovidesashoe-cleaningserviceforguests.80/115letalone:

nottomention;muchlessWehavenohospital,letaloneanisolationward.Hehasn’tenoughmoneyforfood,letaloneamusements.81/115The