北京市海淀區(qū)高三英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期二模試題

北京市海淀區(qū)2021屆高三英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期二模試題本試卷共8頁(yè),100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長(zhǎng)90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題紙上,在試卷上作答無(wú)效。考試結(jié)束后,將本試卷和答題紙一并交回。第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分)閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Jeremycannolongerread,driveacarorevenrecognizefaces.Butthe20yearold,wholosthiscentralvisiontwoyearsago,can1hitasmallwhiteballintoaslightlylargerholefromaconsiderabledistance.JeremywasdiagnosedwithanextremelyrarediseasecalledLHON.Facedwiththeonsetofblindness,Jeremyadmitshe2intodepressionforacoupleofmonthsandfearedhe’dneverplaygolfagain.OnedayonTVhesawaguycryingbitterlywhohadjustlosthisfamilywhenaplanecrasheddownonhishouse.Jeremythought,"Ifthisguycanmakeitthroughthis,thenIcan3havingnocentralvisionThatbecamehismotto：Thingscouldbe4.”Sosixmonthsafterlosinghissight,Jeremydecidedto5hisgolfclubagain.HehadplayedeverySundaysincetheageoftwelvewithhisDadLionel.Blindgolfbroughtthemevencloserbecause,unliketheregularversionofthesport,it'sa6game.Lionelactsashissonssightedcoachonthecourse.He7theholeandhazards(障礙).Thenhepointsinthedirection,whileJeremyplaceshischinonhisdad'sshouldertogeta___8___ofthecorrectposition.TheyplayedtogetherandwontheWorldBlindGolfChampionship.Besides,Jeremyhasbeencollectingmoneyandraising9ofLHONwithsponsoredbikerides,halfmarathonsandevenskydives.“That’sthegreater10ofmydoinganything,”hetoldCNN.1.A.casually B.seriously C.successfully D.accidentally2.A.ran B.looked C.slipped D.burst3.Aavoid B.suffer C.escape D.survive4.A.funnier B.worse C.simpler D.crazier5.A.lookfor B.showoff C.pickup D.dealwith6.A.team B.class C.mind D.strength7.A.clears B.measures C.discovers D.describes8.A.sense B.sign C.view D.mark9.A.levels B.awareness C.standards D.spirit10.A.challenge B.opportunity C.potential D.purpose第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分)閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。ABeijingresidentswokeuptoyellowskyonSundaymorningasnorthernChina11(hit)bythelargestsandstormofthedecade.Airpollutionreadingsrosetotheupperlimitof500at8a.m.,accordingtodatafromthecity’senvironmentalmonitorycenter,asvisibilitywasreducedto12(little)than1,000metersinpartsofthecity.Thecitysweatherbureauadvisedresidentstostayindoorsasmuchaspossible,whileexpertsareworkingtofindout13thesandstormcameintobeing.BSpeakingofmapapps,someusershavefoundthattheyareusefulformorethanjust__14__(find)one’sway.Oneman,SanFrancisco'sLennyMaughan,usesthemtomakeworksofart.Lennyrunseverywherehecan.15hegoes,hetrackshisprogressbyusinganapp,suchasMapMyRunorStrava.Asheruns,theapptracesalinealongthepathhefollows.So,tomakehisrunsmorefun,Lennydecidedtorun16patternsthatwouldcreateamazingimages.Todate,hehassharedrunsthathaveturnedintoimagesofaheart,aportraitofartistFridaKahlo,andmore.CIn2016,IunpackedmyluggageatanewlyconstructedNewYorkhotelonlytorealizethatI___17___(forget)mytoothpaste.Icalledroomservice,andan18(energy)voiceresponded,"Someonewillbringitrightup."Twominuteslater,Iopenedmydooronlytodiscoveranobjectresemblingatrashcanonwheels,19(equip)withalid,alargebuttonandasmalldigitalscreen.Icautiouslypushedthebuttonandthelidopened,revealingatoothpastetube.Thedigitaldisplayflashed“Thankyou.”Theroboticvisitorthenturnedaroundandrolledaway.Beforeitdisappeared,Isnappedaphoto,sendingistoafriend,20laterresponded,“Wow,socool!”第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分,共28分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AAubreyisaFedExdriverwhohasmaderegulardeliverystopsinaruralneighborhoodinIndiana.Duringherstopsthere,shewouldseean11yearoldboy,Elijah,playingbasketballwithanoldandrustybenthoopItwascrazytomehowhappyhewaswiththebrokenhoop.EverytimeIsawhim,hewassojoyfulplayingbasketball.Seeinghimsohappystuckwithme,saidAubrey.TheFedExdriverthoughtaboutElijahmanytimesoverthemonths,anddecidedthatshewantedtoblesshiminaspecialway.“Ijustwouldn’tstopthinkingaboutit.Ireallywantedtogethimahoop.Hedeservesit.”Aubreywentoutandboughtanewbasketballhoopandinstalleditwhenthefamilywasn'thome.Sheleftanotethatread："Justwantedyouandyoursontohavethebesthoopthat'llgrowwithhimandallhisfriends.”Shesignedherself“justoneoftheFedExdriversinthearea.”“Ireadthenote,andthemomentIrealizedwhoitwasfrom,Istartedtocry,”saidColedo,Elijah'smom."WhenElijahcamehomeandIshowedittohim,hegotreallyemotional.Hegottearyeyedbuthe’san11yearoldboy,sohereallydidn'twanttoadmithewascrying,laughedColedo.“Hejustsattherefor10minutesstaringatthehoopuntilitreallytouchedhimthatshewentoutofherwaytodosomethingjustforhim.”AubreyhadnoideahowmuchhersurprisegifthadimpactedElijahandhisfamily.TheyallhadgonethroughadifficultyearwithColedo'shusbandsufferingaseriousinjury,andColedocrashinghercar."It'sjustbeenahardyear.We'resohumbledandgratefulshewoulddothisforus.Thishasbeenahugethingforus,”saidColedo.WhenAubreymadeanotherFedExdeliverytotheirneighborhood,Elijahsawher,rantoherandhuggedher.ElijahalsogaveAubreyacardhemadeforher.Andheinvitedhertoplayagameofbasketballwithhimandhisyoungerbrother.“Itwasalmostlikewe'dalwaysknowneachother.Ireallybondedwiththeboys,”saidAubrey.“I'mjustreallyhappytheyknowthatsomeoneisoutthereforthem.”21.AubreyboughtElijahanewbasketballhoopbecause.A.shewantedtomakeafriendusingasurprisegiftB.shewaseagertodonatetochildrenintheruralareaC.shewasimpressedbyElijah'spassionforbasketballD.shethoughtElijahwasunhappywiththebrokenhoop22.Howdidthefamilyfeelwhentheysawthenewhoop?A.Touched B.Satisfied C.Relaxed D.Honored23.WhatinfluencedidAubrey'sgifthaveonElijahandhisfamily?A.IthelpedElijahachievehisdream.B.Itreducedthefamily'sfinancialburden.C.Itgavethefamilywarmthatadifficulttime.D.ItencouragedElijahtobondwiththeotherboys.BWalkingWaterScienceExperimentforKidsLet'sgetsetupforwalkingwaterwithafewquickandeasystepsthekidscandefinitelybeapartof!Weusedtesttubesforthreesetsofprimarycolors.Youcanuselessaslongasyouhaveenoughtogoaroundwithallthecolorsmixing.First,addred,yellow,andbluefoodcoloring(onecolorpertesttube)inorder.Giveeachtesttubealittlestir(攪拌)toevenlydistributethecolor.Trytoputthesameamountoffoodcoloringineachcontainer.Cutthinstripsofwhitepapertoweltofitinthetesttubes.Placethemintothetesttubes.Therewillbetwoendsineachtube.Waitandwatchwhathappens.Atthispoint,youcansetupastopwatchtomakenotesofhowlongittakesforthecolorstomeetandmix。Beforeyouinsertthestrips,youhavetheperfectopportunitytomakesomepredictionsaboutwhatwillhappen.Haveyourkidseupwithapredictionfortheirexperiment?Willthewaterwalk?Youcanstarttheconversationwith"Whatdoyouthinkwillhappenwhenweputthetowelsintothewater?”Thewholeprocessstartsprettyquickly,butitdoestakeawhileforthecolorstobegintomixwitheachother.Extendthescienceactivity：pulloutthewatercolorsanddosomecolormixingartwhileyouwait.Makesuretocheckonyourwalkingwaterscienceexperimenteveryonceinawhiletoseethechangesthatareconstantlytakingplace.Thekidswillbeamazedathowthewaterseemstofightagainstgravity!Asthepapertowelsabsorbthecoloredwater,thewatertravelsupthetowelstrip.Itmeetsupwiththeothercoloredwaterthathastraveleduptheneighboringstrip.Wheretheprimarycolorsinteract,theyturnintothesecondarycolors.Bothcolorswillcontinuetotravelaslongasthetowelfibersabsorbthewater.Theexperimentiscolorfulandsimpletodo!Plus,itisinterestingformultipleages.Olderkidsshouldbeabletosetitupallbythemselvesandcanalsouseoursciencejournalpagetorecordtheirresults.24.Whatmaterialsareneededfortheexperiment?A.Testtubes,foodcoloringandpapertowel.B.Drinkingwater,testtubesandanotebook.C.Foodcoloring,watercupsandapapercutter.D.Mixedcolors,towelstripsandfoodcontainers.25.Intheexperiment,you'reexpectedto.A.addthreecolorsintoeachcontainerB.setupastopwatchfromthebeginningC.putcolorfultowelstripsinthetesttubesD.stireachtesttubetomakethecoloreven26.Waterinthetesttubescanwalkbecause.A.foodcoloringhasthepowertotakeinwaterB.towelfibersabsorbwaterandallowittotravelC.waterflowsnaturallyundertheinfluenceofgravityD.colorsinteractwitheachotherandthustraveleasilyCFortoday'sincreasinglyinterconnectedfoodsupplychains,“efficient”iswhatit'ssupposedtobe：Eachcountryspecializesinwhatit'sbestatandputsitontheglobalmarket.Producersandprocessorswithincountriesspecialize,too,asawaytominimizecosts.Asaresult,atleastintheory,pricesstaylow,theworldgetsfedandeveryonewins.However,thecoronaviruscrisisdemonstrateswhatiswrongwiththisapproach.Whenbarrierspreventfoodfromreachingitsmarkets,ordemandsuddenlydrops——bothofwhicharehappeningnow——thesystemfallsapart.Specializationofthefoodsystemmakesithardtoshiftintodifferentmarketswhendisruptionsarise.Belgium,aleadingexporterofpotatoes,lostsalesnotonlytolocalrestaurantsbutalsotoothercountriesbecauseoflockdowns(封鎖)).AtleasttheBelgianscantrytoeatthepotatoesathome.Thatstrategywon'tworkforeverycrop：Ghana,theworld’stopcocoaexporter,lostmarketswhenpeoplestartedfocusingonbuyingessentialitemsinsteadofchocolate.ThelossinexportineinAfricamoregenerallycouldhaveahugeimpactifthepandemiccontinues,asmanycountriesthererelyheavilyonimportedwheatandrice.Thepricesofthesegrainshavesoarednotonlybecauseofrisingdemandforthesegrainsduringthecrisis,butalsobecauseafewcountries——includingRussiaandVietnam——imposedexportrestrictionsoutoffearthatsendingfoodabroadwouldleadtohigherpricesathome.Concentratedmarketsdominatedbyjustahandfulofpaniesheightenfoodsystemfragility.Forexample,justthreemeatpackingplantsprocessover95percentofCanada'sbeefandnearlyallofitsbeefexports.Now,thosemeatprocessingplantshavehadtotemporarilyshutdownbecauseofoutbreaksofCOVID19amongworkers.Seeingthespoiledproductsacrosstheworldshouldforceallofustorethinkour"efficient”foodsupplies.Weneedtorejuvenate(使恢復(fù)活力)localandregionalfoodsystemstoreducethevulnerabilitiesthatewithbeingtooreliantonimportedandcorporatedominatedfoods.Thisdoesn'tmeancuttingoffalltradeorabolishingallpackagedfoods,butitdoesmeanbuildingdiversity,andincreasingopportunitiesforsmallandmediumscaleenterprisestoflourishinshorter,moresustainablefoodsupplychainsthatareclosertohome.Oneplacetostartisforgovernmentstoshifttheirsupportfromthelargescale,specializedandexportorientedfoodsystemtobuildinginfrastructureformorediverselocalfoodsystems.Aroundtheworld.smallscaleandorganicproducershavebeenoverwhelmedwiththesurgeininterestfromcustomerswhowanttobuydirectlyfromfarmersduringthecrisis.Buttheseproducersoftenlacktheinfrastructuretomeetthatdemand.Asgovernmentsaroundtheworldpassstimuluspackagestoaddressthecrisis,buildingmorediverseandlocalizedfoodsystemsshouldbeanobviousinclusion.27.Intheory,specializationofthefoodsystem.A.adaptstochangesefficiently B.balancessupplyanddemandC.focusesonessentialitems D.reducescostsof28.Theunderlinedword"fragility"inParagraph5means.A.weakness B.diversityC.unfairness D.plexity29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Afewcountriesrestrictexportstostabilizelocalfoodprices.B.GrainpricesriseduetoAfrica'sdependenceonimportation.C.GhanamightbelessaffectedbylockdownsthanBelgiumwas.D.Packagedfoodconsumptionshouldbeencouragedtoaddressthecrisis.30.Themainpurposeofthispassageisto.A.exposefoodsecurityissuesduringthecrisisB.advocateestablishingdiverselocalfoodsystemsC.discussthedevelopmentofasustainableeconomyD.provetheimportanceofsoundgovernmentpoliciesDEveryday,itseemsthatsomenewalgorithm(算法)enablesputerstodiseaseadiseasewithunprecedentedaccuracy,renewingpredictionsthatputerswillsoonreplacedoctors.Whatifputerscouldreplacepatientsaswell?Ifvirtualhumanscouldhavereplacedrealpeopleinsomestagesofacoronavirusvaccinetrial,itcouldhavespeddevelopmentofapreventivetoolandsloweddownthepandemic.Similarly,potentialvaccinesthatweren’tlikelytoworkcouldhavebeenidentifiedearly,reducingtrialcostsandavoidingtestingpoorvaccinecandidatesonlivingvolunteers.Thesearesomeofthebenefitsof"insilicomedicine",orthetestingofdrugsandtreatmentsonvirtualorgansorbodysystemstopredicthowarealpersonwillrespondtothetherapies.Themodelingbeginsbyfeedinganatomicaldatadrawnfromnoninvasive(非侵入式)highresolutionimagingofanindividual'sactualorganintoaplexmathematicalmodelofthemechanismsthatgovernthatorgan'sfunction.Algorithmsrunningonpowerfulputersresolvetheresultingequationsandunknowns,generatingavirtualorganthatlooksandbehavesliketherealthing.Insilicoclinicaltrialsarealreadyunderwaytoanextent.HeartFlowAnalysis,forinstance,enablesclinicianstoidentifyCAD（冠心?。゜asedonCTimagesofapatient'sheart.TheHeartFlowsystemusestheseimagestoconstructafluiddynamicmodelofthebloodrunningthroughthecoronarybloodvessels,therebyidentifyingabnormalconditionsandtheirseverity.Withoutthistechnology,doctorswouldneedtoperformaninvasiveoperationtodecidewhetherandhowtointervene.Experimentingondigitalmodelsofindividualpatientscanalsohelppersonalizetherapyforanynumberofconditionsandsalreadyusedindiabetescare.Thephilosophybehindinsilicomedicineisnotnew.Theabilitytocreateandsimulatetheperformanceofanobjectunderhundredsofoperatingconditionshasbeenacornerstoneofengineeringfordecades,suchasfordesigningelectroniccircuits,airplanesandbuildings.Variousobstaclesremaintoitswidespreadimplementationinmedicalresearchanddevelopment.Thepredictivepowerandreliabilityofthistechnologymustbeconfirmed,andthatwillrequireseveraladvances.Thoseincludethegenerationofhighqualitymedicaldatabasesfromalarge,ethnicallydiversepatientbasethathasbothwomenandmen;improvementofmathematicalmodelstoaccountforthemanyinteractingprocessesinthebody;andfurthermodificationofAImethodsthatweredevelopedmainlyforputerbasedspeechandimagerecognitionandneedtobeextendedtoprovidebiologicalinsights.InrecentyearsAmericanandEuropeanregulatorshaveapprovedsomemercialusesofputerbaseddiagnostics,butmeetingregulatorydemandsrequiresconsiderabletimeandmoney.Creatingdemandfortheseputerbaseddiagnostictoolsischallengingaswell.Insilicomedicinemustbeabletodelivercosteffectivevalueforpatients,cliniciansandhealthcareorganizationstoacceleratetheiradoptionofthetechnology.31.Accordingtothetext,“insilicomedicine"mighthelp.A.discoverthecauseofanillnessB.quickenthecreationofnewmedicineC.recognizethesymptomsofadiseaseearlierD.avoidincludingunhealthyvolunteersintrials32.WecanlearnfromthetextthatHeartFlowAnalysis.A.workseffectivelyinCADtreatmentB.offerspersonalizedtherapiestopatientsC.reducesthechancesofinvasiveoperationsD.buildsmodelsafteridentifyingabnormalconditions33.Accordingtotheauthor,furtherapplicationof“insilicomedicine”requires.A.moneyandtimefromtheregulatorsB.replacementofoldmathematicalmodelsC.moreproofofitseffectivenessanddependabilityD.progressinspeechandimagerecognitiontechnology34.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.LookingtoAItoEndExperimentalStudB.InSilicoMedicineSavedMillionsoflivesC.ExploringtheFutureofAlgorithminMedicineD.VirtualPatientsCouldRevolutionizeMedicine第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分,共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。WhatAretheRootsofYourSelfEsteem?Selfesteemisaperson'ssubjectiveassessmentofhisorherworthtohimselforherself.Selfesteemcoversvariousbeliefsaboutoneself(suchas"I’mafailureandI’mbeautiful”)aswellasphysiologicalstates,includingsadness,joy,andshame.Themorewebelievethatweareworthyofhappinessandgoodthingsinlife,themoreselffulfilledwewillbe.Whenwedon'tbelievethatweareworthyofthesethings,ourabilitytoenjoythemcansuffer.35Healthyselfesteemasanadultcanbeagiftgiveninyourchildhood.Itisablessingthatmostpeopleoverlook.Therearesomanywaysadultswithhighselfesteemweresupportedaschildrenthatresultedinthemhavinghighselfesteem.Forinstance,theywerepraisedforwhattheyhadachieved.36Theylikelyexperiencedaffectionandweregivenenoughattention.Itisalsopossiblethattheyexcelledinstudiesorinsportsandwereadmiredforitbypeers.__37__Aschildren,manyofthesepeoplewerecriticized,yelledat,orabusedinonewayoranother.Thereisalsoahighchancethattheyweregivennoattentionbytheadultswhoweresupposedtocareforthem.Insomecases,adultswithpoorselfesteemwereoftenridiculedfortheirshortingsorbulliedbypeers.Itismonthattheseadultsalsobelievethatinordertobeappreciatedtheyneedtobeperfect38Therearepeoplewhoareobsessedwiththeircareersorhobbiesbecauseintheirmindtheyneedtotietheirworthinesstosomethingconcrete.Oftentimesthesepeoplehavetopretendtobesomethingtheyarenotjusttogetapproval.Howyoufeelaboutyourselfimpactshowyouliveyourlife.Peoplewithhighselfesteemtendtohavebetterrelationshipsthanthosewithlowselfesteem.39Soifyoustruggletoreachoutforassistance,itcouldberootedinyourlowselfesteem.A.Thereisalsoagoodchancethattheywerespokentorespectfully.B.Whenwestarttodoubtwhat'simportantinlife,wetendtodolessofit.C.Sinceselfesteemisconnectedtohowweperform,itisimportanttoworkonit.D.Peoplewithpoorselfesteem,ontheotherhand,oftenexperiencedtheopposite.E.Thiscreatesanimageintheirmindthatwithoutacplishmenttheyareworthless.F.Theyfacefailuretoo,buttheyunderstandthatfailureorsuccessdoesn’tdefinethem.G.Highselfesteemenablesyoutoaskforhelpandsupportfromthepeoplearoundyouwhenyouneedit.第三部分：書(shū)面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié),32分)第一節(jié)閱讀表達(dá)(共4小題;第40、41小題各2分,第42小題3分,第43小題5分,共12分)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)題目要求回答問(wèn)題。ThelastthingIwantedtohearwhenmygovernmentsponsoredscholarshipwaswithdrawnduring.myfinalyearofcollegewas：“Thingsareworkingoutforyourowngood.Justgivethemsometime.”Thosewordsjuststirredalotofangerinme.ThenIreadthestoryoftheChinesebamboofarmer,whichgavemeadifferentviewonlife.TheseedoftheChinesebambooisplantedinthegroundlikeeveryseed.Itiswateredandfedwithnutrientsdaily,butitshowsnoimmediatephysicalresponseanddoesn’tappeartogrow.Thefarmercontinuestowaterandfeedtheseedinyearone,yeartwo,andyearthree.Nogrowthisseenuntilthefourthyear,whentheseedfinallybreaksthroughtheground.Then,inthespaceofjustfiveweeks,itgrowsninetyfeettall.TheChinesebamboogrowstoitsfullcapacitywithin5years.Despitenotseeinganimmediateresult,thefarmerhadtrustinwhathewasdoing.Hecontinuedtowaterandfeedtheplantforfouryears,becausehebelievedthatifheplayedhisownroleanddidallthatafarmerwassupposedtodo,thenhewouldbegivenhisrewardattherighttime.Thattrustandpatienceiswhatkeptthefarmerpersistentlyfeedinghisseedforfouryearsbeforeenjoyingtherewardintheend.Lifeisnotalwaysstraightforward.Mostoften,it'snotamatterof5+5=10(Sum1).Lifecanbemorelike2+1+2+0+0+0+1+2+0+0+1+1=10(Sum2).Bothsumsleadtothesameresult,butthroughquitedifferentpathsandprocesses.Tobematureistoacceptthatthingsmightlookroughrightnowbutthestorycanstillhaveagreatending.Wemightliveinamicrowavegenerationwhereeverythingseemstohappeninstantly;butmanythingsstillobeythelawsofnature.Justdoingwhatyouaresupposedtobedoing,havingpatienceliketheChinesebamboofarmer,andtrustingthatthingswillworkoutforyoucanhelpyougetthroughthetoughesttimes.40.Whathappenedtotheauthorinthefinalyearofcollege?41.HowdoestheChi