高三英語培優(yōu)外刊閱讀學(xué)案火車話題

高三英語培優(yōu)外刊閱讀班級：____________學(xué)號：____________姓名：____________外刊精選｜德國火車頻頻晚點，嚴謹形象跌落神壇在多數(shù)人的印象中，德國一直是“嚴謹”“高效”“守時”的代名詞。然而，從小被教育不能遲到的德國人如今卻受自己國家的火車所拖累。近年來，由德國鐵路公司運營的長途列車準點率持續(xù)下降。德國鐵路方面對此如何解釋？火車頻頻晚點給德國民眾帶來了怎樣的沖擊？Germany'sTardyTrainsCauseCulturalCrisis;'anEmbarrassment'ByHumzaJilaniGermany,thelandofmeticulousplanningandclockworkpunctuality,can'tseemtomakeitstrainsrunontime.Lastyear,athirdofalllongdistancetrainsoperatedbyGermany'snationalrailwaypanyDeutscheBahnranlate,theworstshowingintenyears,deepeninganexistentialcrisisinacountrywherefailingtoshowupontimeisverboten."Thisisanembarrassment,itisaculturalcrisisfortheGermanpeople,"saidAndreasKnie,aprofessoroftransportpolicyattheBerlinSocialScienceCenter."Welovetobragabouthowwearethebest,wearethemostefficient,butthelateDeutscheBahn,andourfailingfootballteam,areproofthatwearen'tmakinggreatthingsanymore."ADeutscheBahnspokespersonblamedthedelaysonrisingtraffic,aginginfrastructureandconstructionprojects."Weexpresslyregretthis,"hesaid.

InneighboringSwitzerland,wheretrainsstillrunlikeaproverbialSwissclock,officialsarenowproposingbanningtheseriallylateDeutscheBahn,forfearthatGermandelaysaretarnishingSwitzerland'sownrecordofpeerlesstimekeeping.ThetrainfiascoisthelatestnationalembarrassmentforacountrythatforyearsbaskedinitsreputationasaruthlesslyefficientEuropeanpowerhouseblessedwithanunparalleledmanufacturingbase.VentingaboutGermany'stransporttravailshasbeethenationalzeitgeist.

ApopularmemefeaturesanupsidedownDBlogo,withasmalltrainnowappearingasascreamingrider."Byturningthelogoupsidedown,youcanseethepassenger,"thecaptionreads.【詞匯過關(guān)】請寫出下面文單詞在文章中的中文意思。1.tardy英[?tɑ?di]美[?tɑ?rdi]adj._________________________________2.embarrassment英[?m?b?r?sm?nt]美[?m?ber?sm?nt]n.________________3.meticulous英[m??t?kj?l?s]美[m??t?kj?l?s]adj._________________________________4.clockwork英[?kl?kw??k]美[?klɑ?kw?r?k]n._________________________________5.clockwiseadj._________________________________6.verboten英[v???b??tn]美[v?r?bo?tn]adj._________________________________7.brag英[br?ɡ]美[br?ɡ]v._________________________________8.expressly英[?k?spresli]美[?k?spresli]adv._________________________________9.proverbial英[pr??v??bi?l]美[pr??v?r?bi?l]adj._________________________________10.proverbn.諺語11.serially英[?s??ri?li]美[?s?ri?li]adv._________________________________12.tarnish英[?tɑ?n??]美[?tɑ?rn??]v._________________________________13.peerless英[?p??l?s]美[?p?rl?s]adj._________________________________14.fiasco英[fi??sk??]美[fi??sko?]n_________________________________15.serialadj._________________________________16.baskv._________________________________17.powerhouse英[?pa??ha?s]美[?pa??rha?s]n._________________________________18.vent英[vent]美[vent]v._________________________________19.travail英[?tr?ve?l]美[tre?ve?l]n._________________________________20.zeitgeist英[?tsa?tɡa?st]美[?tsa?tɡa?st]n._________________________________21.meme英[mi?m]美[mi?m]n._________________________________22.caption英[?k?p?n]美[?k?p?n]n._________________________________【詞塊學(xué)習(xí)】請從文章中找到下面中文相對應(yīng)的文詞塊。1._________________________________一個遲到的學(xué)生2._________________________________文化危機（一種信仰危機）3._________________________________存在主義危機4._________________________________把……歸咎于……5._________________________________比喻一個精密的、無懈可擊的計劃6._________________________________身處（積極的，有益的環(huán)境）；受到7._________________________________極其高效8._________________________________排煙9.ventabout發(fā)泄不滿，表達（負面的情緒）；吐槽拓展練習(xí)閱讀理解Anyschoolchildknowsthatawhalebreathesthroughitsblowhole.Fewerknowthatablowholeisanostril(鼻孔)slightlychangedbyevolutionintoaformmoreusefulforamammalthatspendsitslifeatsea.Andonlyadedicatedexpertwouldknowthatwhiletoothedwhales,suchasspermwhales,haveonehole,baleen(鯨須)whales,suchashumpbackandRicewhales,havetwo.Evenamongthebaleenwhales,theplacingofthosenostrilsdiffers.Insomespeciestheyareclosetogether.Inothers,theyaremuchfurtherapart.InapaperpublishedinBiologyLettersConorRyan,amarinebiologistattheScottishAssociationforMarineScience,suggestswhythatmightbe.Havingtwonostrils,heargues,helpswhalessmellinstereo(立體空間).Manytypesofbaleenwhaleseattinyanimalsknownaszooplankton(浮游動物),whichtheycatchbyfiltering(過濾)themfromseawaterusingthesheetsoffibrousbaleenthathavereplacedteethintheirmouths.Buttoeatsomethingyoufirsthavetofindit.Toothedwhalesdonothuntbyscent.Infact,theolfactorybulb—thepartofthebrainthatprocessessmell—isabsentinsuchcreatures.Butbaleenwhalesstillhaveolfactorybulbs,whichsuggestssmellremainsimportant.Andscentcanindeedgivezooplanktonaway.Zooplanktonliketoeatothertinycreaturescalledphytoplankton(浮游植物).Whentheseareunderattack,theyreleaseaspecialgascalleddimethylsulphide,whichinturnattractsbaleenwhales.Mostanimalshavestereoscopicsenses.Havingtwoeyes,forinstance,allowsananimaltoparetheimagesfromeachinordertoperceivedepth.Havingtwoearsletsthemlocatethedirectionfromwhichasoundising.DrRyantheorizedthatpairedblowholesmightbringbaleenwhalesthesamesortsofbenefits.Thefartherapartthesensoryorgansare,themoreinformationcanbeextractedbytheanimalthatbearsthem.Theresearchersuseddronestophotographthenostrilsof143whalesbelongingto14differentspecies.Sureenough,baleenwhalesthatofteneatzooplankton,suchastheNorthAtlanticrightwhale,havenostrilsthatarefartherapartthandothose,suchashumpbackwhales,thateatzooplanktonoccasionally.Besidesallowingthemtobreathe,itseemsthatsomewhalesusetheirblowholestodetermineinwhichdirectiondinnerlies.5.Whatdoweknowaboutwhales’nostrilsaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Theyareadaptedones. B.Theyaredevelopedmerelyforsmell.C.Theyarenoteasytodetect. D.Theyarefixeduniversallyinnumbers.6.Whatplaysarolewhenbaleenwhaleshuntzooplankton?A.Theteeththatbaleenwhaleshave.B.Thesmellthatphytoplanktonsend.C.Thesoundwavesthatzooplanktoncreate.D.Thechemicalsignalsthatzooplanktongiveoff.7.Howistheconceptofstereoscopicsensesexplainedinparagraph4?A.Byquotingatheory. B.Byusingexamples.C.Bymakingcontrast. D.Bymakinginferences.8.Whatisthepositionofnostrilsrelatedtoaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Thesenseofsmell. B.Thepossibilitytoattractfood.C.Theabilitytolocatefood. D.Theabilitytomunicate.外刊精選答案【詞匯過關(guān)】請寫出下面文單詞在文章中的中文意思。1.tardy英[?tɑ?di]美[?tɑ?rdi]adj.遲到的，晚點的2.embarrassment英[?m?b?r?sm?nt]美[?m?ber?sm?nt]n.困境3.meticulous英[m??t?kj?l?s]美[m??t?kj?l?s]adj.非常注意細節(jié)的，非常注重精確度的4.clockwork英[?kl?kw??k]美[?klɑ?kw?r?k]n.機械表內(nèi)部的精密裝置和齒輪5.clockwiseadj.順時針方向的6.verboten英[v???b??tn]美[v?r?bo?tn]adj.被嚴令禁止的7.brag英[br?ɡ]美[br?ɡ]v.夸耀、列舉8.expressly英[?k?spresli]美[?k?spresli]adv.明確地9.proverbial英[pr??v??bi?l]美[pr??v?r?bi?l]adj.諺語的10.proverbn.諺語11.serially英[?s??ri?li]美[?s?ri?li]adv.連續(xù)地，反復(fù)地；連載地12.tarnish英[?tɑ?n??]美[?tɑ?rn??]v.玷污、損害13.peerless英[?p??l?s]美[?p?rl?s]adj.無與倫比的14.fiasco英[fi??sk??]美[fi??sko?]n.慘敗15.serialadj.連續(xù)的16.baskv.享受暖陽17.powerhouse英[?pa??ha?s]美[?pa??rha?s]n.力量、能量的來源18.vent英[vent]美[vent]v.排氣；吐槽19.travail英[?tr?ve?l]美[tre?ve?l]n.一段痛苦、煎熬的經(jīng)歷20.zeitgeist英[?tsa?tɡa?st]美[?tsa?tɡa?st]n.主導(dǎo)思想，精神特質(zhì)21.meme英[mi?m]美[mi?m]n.網(wǎng)絡(luò)梗圖22.caption英[?k?p?n]美[?k?p?n]n.圖片配