江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本(英語)模擬試卷15(題后含答案及解析)

江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本（英語）模擬試卷15(題后含答案及解析)題型有：1.VocabularyandStructure2.ReadingComprehension3.Cloze5.Translation6.WritingVocabularyandStructure1．Wordhadcomefromthemanager______anewtransactionwouldbeconcluded.A．whoB．thatC．whichD．when正確答案：B解析：空格及其后的內(nèi)容作word的同位語，表示經(jīng)理所說的話的內(nèi)容。2．Therewasatrafficjam,butshe______gettothedestinationintime.A．couldB．mightC．oughttoD．wasableto正確答案：D解析：本題主要是A和D的辨析，beableto與can的主要區(qū)別在于前者表示客觀的能力，后者主觀更多色彩更濃。本題根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)及全句的內(nèi)容，看出這是個(gè)客觀的事實(shí)，因此應(yīng)選D。3．“Doyouthink______Ishouldattendthelecture?”sheaskedme.A．thatB．whetherC．ifD．when正確答案：A解析：此處是由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。4．Theirroomwasonthethirdfloor,itswindow______thesportsground.A．overlooksB．overlookingC．overlookedD．tooverlook正確答案：B解析：分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，window與overlook的關(guān)系是主動的，故要用現(xiàn)在分詞。5．Onnoaccount______toanyonewhoworksinthecompany.A．mynamemustbementionedB．mynamemustmentionC．mustmynamebementionedD．mustmynamemention正確答案：C解析：倒裝。狀語onnoaccount中含有否定詞，故要用倒裝。6．Jimknowslittleofmathematics,______ofchemistry.A．a(chǎn)ndstilllessB．a(chǎn)swellasC．nolessthanD．a(chǎn)ndstillmore正確答案：A解析：less與little才是遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系。7．Themandenied______anythingatthesupermarketwhenhewasquestionedbythepolice.A．tohavestolenB．tostealC．havingstolenD．havingbeenstealing正確答案：C解析：在deny之后要用動名詞。8．Didhetellyouwhat______ifhehadachance?A．washegoingtodoB．hewoulddoC．behaddoneD．hadtodo正確答案：B解析：在tellyou的后面是一個(gè)賓語從句，而在這個(gè)賓語從句中用的是虛擬語氣，看清這一點(diǎn)后，再看看if狀語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)就能做出正確答案了。9．Theresultswereto______yesterday,butwehaveheardnothing.A．revealB．haverevealedC．berevealedD．havebeenrevealed正確答案：D解析：首先，我們知道結(jié)果是要“被公布”的，所以動詞部分必須用被動語態(tài)，去掉A、B。再由句子的意思判斷，結(jié)果本來要被公布的，但是我們沒有聽到什么消息,隱指消息未被公布，所以這是個(gè)虛擬的。10．Calculations,whichareastronomicallyexact,havebeenmade______withtheuseofcomputers.A．possibleB．itpossibleC．possiblyD．tobepossible正確答案：A解析：這是一個(gè)固定句型。由make…possible變化而來。11．Tohandlethedelicatesituation,youmustbe______A．morethancarefulB．morecarefullyC．carefullyenoughD．enoughcarefully正確答案：A解析：如果知道m(xù)orethan的特殊用法，本題即可順利做答。解答本題的另一個(gè)方法是看句子成分，要填的空中是作be的表語，根據(jù)常識，副詞是不能用作表語的，所以B、C、D可被自然排除。12．Thegovernessagreedtoteachthetemperamentalchild______shewasgivencompleteauthority.A．whetherB．forC．thatD．provided正確答案：D解析：provided是一個(gè)特殊的連詞，相當(dāng)于if，可引導(dǎo)狀語從句。13．Accordingtotheperiodictable,______stillsomeelementsundiscovered.A．thereseemtobeB．itseemstobeC．itseemsthatD．hereseem正確答案：A解析：therebe句型的變化。如果對其他的選項(xiàng)有疑問的話，可分析一下句子的成分。14．Thefarmerusedwoodtobuildahouse______tostoregrain.A．withB．inwhichC．whichD．where正確答案：B解析：帶介詞的定語從句。農(nóng)民蓋房子的目的是要用房子來盛糧食，也就是說，要把糧食放在房子中，所以選B。15．Abeamoflightwillnotbendroundthecornersunless______todosowiththehelpofareflectingdevice.A．beingdoneB．madeC．tobemadeD．havingmade正確答案：B解析：省略了主語和系動詞的分詞狀語結(jié)構(gòu)。16．______,themoreseverethewintersare.A．ThemorenorthyougoB．ThefartheryougothenorthC．ThemoreyougonorthD．Thefarthernorthyougo正確答案：D解析：themore．．．themore句型。在這個(gè)句型中，themore不是死的，只是表示一個(gè)比較級。17．Vickyhasbeensadrecently,forherplantogotocollege______atthelastmoment.A．felloutB．fellbehindC．fellthroughD．felloff正確答案：C解析：fallthrough的意思是“失敗、破產(chǎn)”。fallout爭吵，吵架，鬧翻，結(jié)果是，離隊(duì)；falloff下降，跌落，減少，衰退，離開；落在……的后面，拖欠。18．Youhadbetter______teasingthesenewcomers,forthatwillhurttheirfeeling.A．leaveoutB．leaveforC．leaveoffD．leavebehind正確答案：C解析：leaveoff相當(dāng)于stop。leaveout省去，遺漏，不考慮；leavefor動身去某地；leavebehind將……落下19．Don’tloseheart!Youshould______yourcourageandovercomethedifficulty.A．holdupB．setupC．pullupD．pluckup正確答案：D解析：pluckup振作，拔起；holdup舉起，支撐，繼續(xù)下去，阻擋，攔截；setup設(shè)立，豎立，架起，升起，裝配，創(chuàng)(紀(jì)錄)，提出，開業(yè)。20．He______asumofmoneyeverymonthtohelpthetwoorphans.A．setsasideB．setsupC．setsalongD．setsin正確答案：A解析：setaside留出，不顧，取消，駁回；setup設(shè)立，豎立，架起，升起，裝配，創(chuàng)(紀(jì)錄)，提出，開業(yè)；setalong無此短語；setin開始，到來，上漲，插入，嵌人。21．Iwishthathe______tothemovieswithmeyesterday.A．wentB．couldgoC．wasgoneD．couldhavegone正確答案：D解析：wish后面的從句用虛擬語氣，其謂語常由would，could等構(gòu)成，對現(xiàn)在的虛擬用過去時(shí)，對過去的虛擬用過去完成時(shí)。例如：Iwishyouwouldn’tsmokeanymore．我希望你不要再抽煙了。22．______,themorenecessaryitistobreakitupintoanumberofpartswhichthereadercanvisualize.A．ThemorecomplexasubjectbecomesB．ThemorebecomesasubjectcomplexC．AsubjectbecomesthemorecomplexD．Themoresubjectsbecomeessential正確答案：A解析：表示“越……越……”用比較級句式：the+比較級．．．the+比較級…，例如：Thefasterthebetter．越懨越好。注意：當(dāng)比較級修飾名詞、形容詞或副詞時(shí)，這些名詞、形容詞或副詞要一起移到前面去。根據(jù)此原則，A正確。23．Closethedoor,______?A．willyouB．doyouC．shallyouD．don’tyou正確答案：A解析：當(dāng)祈使句反問時(shí)，若表示請求，則反詰問句用willyou?例如：Doitatonce，willyou?但當(dāng)祈使旬表示邀請及勸告時(shí)，其后應(yīng)用won’tyou?如：Haveacupoftea，won’tyou?24．______attherailwaystationwhenitbegantorain.A．HardlyhadhearrivedB．HardlyhehadarrivedC．NosoonerdidhearriveD．Nosoonerarrivedhe正確答案：A解析：表示“一……就”有以下表達(dá)：①hardly(scarcely，barely)…when／before②nosooner…than。這些句子只用于過去時(shí)，主句動作因發(fā)生在從句動作之前故用過去完成時(shí)。倘若hardly，scarcely，nosooner和barely在句中則采取正常語序，但當(dāng)它們位于句首時(shí)，主句的主謂語要部分倒裝，使用句型：A．Hardly(Scarcely，Barely)+had+主語十過去分詞+其他。C．Nosoonerhad十主語+過去分詞+其他。例如：a．Theyhadnosoonerreachedhomethanitbegantorain．他們剛到家就開始下雨了。(正常語序)b.Barelyhadshefinishedthereportwhenshehadtogotothelecture．她剛寫完報(bào)告就去上班。(倒裝語序)c。Scarcelyhadlackseenmewhenhelefttheroom．杰克一見到我就離開了屋子。(倒裝語序)此外表示“一……就”還可用以下表達(dá)：themoment(that)…，assoonas，theinstant…，theminute…，它們不是名詞，而是從屬連詞，后跟從句，從句的時(shí)態(tài)與主句的時(shí)態(tài)一致。例如：Irecognizedhimtheminute(themoment，assoonas，theinstant)Isawhim．我一見到他就認(rèn)出他了。25．Thestorm______,theyhadtoliveinacave.A．hasdestroyedtheirhutB．todestroytheirhut.C．havingdestroyedtheirhutD．beingdestroyed正確答案：C解析：這是分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)句。分詞的完成式表示其動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前，根據(jù)句意可知，暴風(fēng)雨毀掉草屋在前，故C是答案。26．______thenumberofpaidholidaysenjoyedbymostemployeesinthecompany,threeweeksofvacationseemsgenerous.A．ComparedwithB．ComparedC．ComparingwithD．Comparing正確答案：A解析：compare．．．with意為“與……相比”。分詞作狀語時(shí)，若與主句的主語是主謂關(guān)系，則用現(xiàn)在分詞，若是動賓關(guān)系則用過去分詞。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)用過去分詞。故A對。27．Itwasgoingtobesometime______hewouldseehisfatheragain.A．sinceB．whenC．untilD．before正確答案：D解析：注意句型：Its+時(shí)間+before…表示“……之后……才”。例如：Itwillnotbelongbeforetheyunderstandeachother．他們大概不久就會互相了解。而since的特殊句型是：主語+動詞完成式+其他+since+一個(gè)含一般過去時(shí)的句子。如：IthasbeenayearsinceIgraduatedfromtheschool．我從學(xué)校畢業(yè)已經(jīng)一年了。28．Heisyoungerthan______.A．a(chǎn)nyotherboyintheclassB．a(chǎn)nyboyintheclassC．a(chǎn)llboysintheclassD．youandmeaswellastheclass正確答案：A解析：比較級句中前后兩者相比時(shí)應(yīng)把自身排除在外，而B，C和D皆包含he在內(nèi)，故都應(yīng)排除。29．Theestablishmentofthecompanyshallstartfromtheday______thebusinesslicenseofthecompanyisissued.A．whichB．onwhichC．inwhichD．whenever正確答案：B解析：這是個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，從句需要一個(gè)含day在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語，特指的一天，其前應(yīng)用介詞on。此外，引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)系代詞which若其前有介詞時(shí)該介詞不能省略，故B對。whenever只能引導(dǎo)狀語從句，不引導(dǎo)定語從句，例如：Youmayleavewheneveryouplease．無論你什么時(shí)候想走就可以走。30．You______mebecauseIdidn’tsaythat.A．mustmisunderstandB．mustbemisunderstandingC．musthavemisunderstoodD．hadtomisunderstand正確答案：C解析：must+have+過去分詞：表示對過去發(fā)生的事情有把握的肯定猜測。must+動詞原形：表示對現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的事情的猜測。must+be+doing：表示對現(xiàn)在正進(jìn)行的動作或在此刻前一直在進(jìn)行的動作的猜測，例如：Hemustbeworkinghard．他一定正在努力工作。31．Electricalenergy______fromthesuninaroundwayisthemostwidelyusedenergytoday.A．comeB．tocomeC．comingD．havingcome正確答案：C解析：現(xiàn)在分詞短語作主語，表示主動和正在進(jìn)行的動作或表示經(jīng)常性的動作。不定式作定語修飾的名詞是不定式意義上的主語或賓語。32．Youremainaboutthesameaswhenyoupartedwithus______you’vegotalittlethinner.A．exceptforB．besidesC．exceptthatD．because正確答案：C解析：exceptfor除……以外，其后一般接名詞、代詞，用來表示理由或細(xì)節(jié)，修飾前面所述的情況。exceptthat其后接從句，可與exceptfor換用，但用法有區(qū)別。besides作介詞其后常用名詞，動名詞或what引導(dǎo)的從句，意為“除……以外(還)”。33．Fertilizersareusedprimarilytoenrichthesoiland______yield.A．increasingB．increaseC．toincreaseD．haveincreased正確答案：C解析：toincrease用來與toenrich保持結(jié)構(gòu)上的平行。34．Abeamoflightwillnotbendroundcornersunless______todosowiththehelpofareflectingdevice.A．madeB．beingmadeC．havingmadeD．tobemade正確答案：A解析：unlessmade狀語從句中省略了itis。完整的句子應(yīng)是unlessitismade…科技文獻(xiàn)中?？梢姷竭@種語法現(xiàn)象。35．Hehasalargecollectionofbooks,______arewritteninEnglish.A．manyamongB．manyinwhichC．manyonesofwhichD．manyofwhich正確答案：D解析：manyofwhicharewritteninEnglish是一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞帶前置介詞of的非限定性從句。which代替books，manyofwhich在從句中作主語。36．Idon’tthinkitisfunny,butmyfriend______.A．cannothelptolaughB．cannothelplaughC．cannotbutlaughingD．cannothelpbutlaugh正確答案：D解析：表示“不得不，情不自禁”可以用以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)：①cannothelp+動名詞；②cannothelpbut十動詞原形；③cannotbut+動詞原形。37．Scienceandtechnologyhavebrought______manychangesinourlives.A．forwardB．a(chǎn)boutC．outD．to正確答案：B解析：bringforward提出，顯示;bringabout帶來，造成;bringout出版，生產(chǎn)；bringto停下，恢復(fù)知覺。38．Withthemapofthecitytohelpthem,theyhadno______theplace.A．difficultiesinfindingB．difficultyinfindingC．difficultytofindD．troubletofind正確答案：B解析：difficulty相當(dāng)于trouble(麻煩，困難)，是不可數(shù)名詞，常用句型為havesome(no／little)difficulty(in)doingsth．39．Itisdifficulttounderstandthiskindof______calculation.A．intricateB．variedC．indispensableD．equable正確答案：A解析：intricate錯綜復(fù)雜的，糾纏不清的；varied不同的，種種的；indispensable不可缺少的，絕對必要的；equable變動甚少的，穩(wěn)定的。40．Industrialmanagersemployspecialiststokeepmachinesworkingproperlyandto______thesupplyofspareparts.A．ensureB．promiseC．guaranteeD．a(chǎn)ssure正確答案：A解析：ensure保證，讓人覺得安全可靠，有保障；promise與assure相似，讓人踏實(shí)放心，但不承擔(dān)責(zé)任和義務(wù)；guarantee擔(dān)保，保證，表示對某一產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)承擔(dān)責(zé)任和義務(wù)；assure鄭重宣告，使人確信。ReadingComprehensionFormanyyears,scientistscouldn’tfigureouthowatomsandmolecules(分子)ontheEarthcombinedtomakelivingthings.Plants,fishes,dinosaurs(恐龍),andpeoplearemadeofatomsandmolecules,buttheyareputtogetherinamorecomplicatedwaythanthemoleculesintheprimitiveocean.What’smore,livingthings,thathaveenergyandcanreproduceontheEarthfourbillionyearsagowerelifeless.Afteryearsofstudy,scientistsfiguredoutthatlivingthings,includinghumanbodies,arebasicallymadeofaminoacidsandnucleotide(氨基酸與核苷酸)bases.Thesearemoleculeswithmillionsofhydrogen(氫),carbon(碳),nitrogen(氮),andoxygenatom.Howcouldsuchcomplicatedmoleculeshavebeenformedintheprimitivesoup?Scientistswerestumped(難住).Then,in1953,twoscientistsnamedHaroldUreyandStanleyL.MillerdidaverysimpleexperimenttofindoutwhathadhappenedontheprimitiveEarth.Theysetupsometubesandbottlesinaclosedloop(線圈),andputinsomeofthesamegasesthatwerepresentintheatmospherefourbillionyearsago:watervapor,carbondioxide(二氧化碳),methane(甲烷),andhydrogen.Thentheyshotanelectricsparkthroughthegasestosimulate(模擬)bolts(閃電)oflightningontheancientEarth,circulatedthegasesthroughsomewater,sentthembackformoresparks,andsoon.Aftersevendays,thewaterthatthegaseshadbeenbubbling(起跑)throughhadturnedbrown.Somenewchemicalsweredissolvedinit.WhenMillerandUreyanalyzedtheliquid,theyfoundthatitcontainedaminoacids—theverykindofmoleculesfoundinalllivingthings.41．WhendidscientistscometorealizehowtheatomsandmoleculesontheEarthcombinedtomakelivingthings?A．Fourbillionyearsago.B．In1953.C．Aftersevendays.D．Manyyearslater.正確答案：B解析：文章第三段Then，in1953，twosciemistsnamedHaroldUreyandStanleyL．MillerdidaverysimpleexperimenttofindoutwhathadhappenedontheprimitiveEarth．1953年，兩位科學(xué)家做實(shí)驗(yàn)試圖找出遠(yuǎn)古地球上所發(fā)生的一切，即人類和生物是怎樣形成的，也即1953年起，人類才開始明白地球上的生物是怎祥由原子和分子結(jié)合而產(chǎn)生的，所以B為正確答案。42．Scientistsfiguredoutthathumanbodiesarebasicallymadeof______.A．a(chǎn)minoacidsB．hydrogen,carbon,nitrogenandoxygenatomsC．moleculesD．watervapor,ammonia,carbondioxide,methaneandhydrogen正確答案：A解析：文章第二段第一句：…scientistsfiguredoutthatlivingthings，includinghumanbodies，arebasicallymadeofaminoacidsandnucleotidebases，科學(xué)家斷定包括人在內(nèi)的人物都是由氨基酸和核苷酸為基礎(chǔ)構(gòu)成的。43．HaroldUreyandStanleyL.Millerdidtheirexperimentinorderto______.A．findoutwhathadhappenedontheEarth4billionyearsagoB．simulateboltsoflightningontheancientEarthC．dissolvesomenewchemicalsD．a(chǎn)nalyzealiquid正確答案：A解析：文章第三段…HaroldUreyandStanleyL．MillerdidaverysimpleexperimenttofindoutwhathadhappenedontheprimitiveEarth及第二句中的4billionyearsago，由此可知這里的primitiveEarth是指4billionyearsago，所以A為正確答案。44．Attheendofthelastparagraph,theword“it”refersto______.A．a(chǎn)closeloopB．a(chǎn)nelectricsparkC．waterD．theliquid正確答案：D解析：文章最后一句話whenMillerandUreyanalyzedtheliquid，theyfoundthatitcontained…，“當(dāng)他們對液體進(jìn)行分析時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)里面含有……”中得知，it指的就是從句中的liquid。45．Accordingtothewriter,livingthingsontheEarthinclude______.A．a(chǎn)tomsandmoleculesB．chemicalsC．plants,fish,dinosaursandhumanbeingsD．theprimitivesoup正確答案：C解析：文中第一段第二句話暗示了該題的答案Plants，fish，dinosaurs，andpeoplearemadeofatomsandmolecules．所以C為正確答案。Honeybeescannotlivealone.Theirbodystructureandinstinctsequipthemforlifeinacolony(群居)orcommunity,wheretheyhaveacomplexsocialorganizationandthevariousdutiesaredividedamongtheindividualsaccordingtophysicalfitnessandage.Anindividualworkerbeecannotreproduceitself.Whileitmaycontinuetoliveifforciblyisolatedfromitsmates，itfailstocareforitselfadequately(足夠),andsoondies.Mostinsectshavetheabilitytohibernate(冬眠)inwinter,butthehoneybeeseemstohavelostthis.Sinceatlowtemperaturesthebeewilldie,itmusthavetheabilitytomakeitsownenvironment,sofarastemperatureisconcerned.Thismakesacolonynecessarytothebeesinwinter,sothattheymaycollectivelywarmeachother.Efficiency,ifnotnecessity,demandsthattheworkofthecolonybedivided,andsuchadivisionoflabortendstoincreasetheneedtomaintainthecolony.Thephysicalstructureofthehoneybeeisfurthersuitedforthedefenseoftheentirecolonyratherthanforitsowndefense.Thebee’sbarbed(有刺的)stingisusedonlyonceandismademoreeffectivebythefactthatitisleftbehindinthevictim.Withthelossofthesting,however,thebeedies.Thiskindofdefensiveweaponisnotofservicetotheindividual,buttothecommunity.46．Accordingtothepassage,beesarefittedforcommunallifebyvirtueoftheir______.A．flexibilityandinitiativeB．intelligenceandsensitivityC．independenceandenduranceD．instinctsandform正確答案：D解析：文章第二句Theirbodystructureandinstinctsequipthemforlifeinacolonyorcornrnunity…．它們的身體構(gòu)造及本能使它們適合在群體或社團(tuán)中生活……，D項(xiàng)與此相符，所以D為正確答案。47．Accordingtothepassage,aworkerbeemaysurviveforashorttimeevenifitis______.A．deprivedofitsstingB．deniedaccesstooxygenC．isolatedfromotherbeesD．exposedtoawiderangeoftemperatures正確答案：C解析：第四句Whileitmaycontinuetoliveifforciblyisolatedfromitsmates，itfailstocareforitselfadequately，andsoonides．如果它(指工蜂)被強(qiáng)行與伙伴隔離可能繼續(xù)活著，它便不能很好地照顧自己，因而不久就會死去。故答案為C。48．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatatonetimebeeshadtheabilityto______.A．increasetheiractivityinlowertemperaturesB．leavecoldclimatesduringwinterC．remaindormantthroughperiodsofcoldweatherD．constructinsulatedhives正確答案：C解析：第五句Mostinsectshavetheabilitytohibernateinwinter，butthehoneybeeseemstohavelostthis．大多數(shù)昆蟲都有冬眠的能力，但蜜蜂似乎已經(jīng)失去了這種能力。由此可推斷出蜜蜂原來曾經(jīng)具有過與其它昆蟲一樣的冬眠能力。故答案為C。49．Accordingtothepassage,beesdifferfrommostothercommunitiesofinsectsintheirneedto______.A．reproduceinlargenumbersB．controlthetemperaturewheretheyliveC．dividetheworkoftheircoloniesD．haveacomplexdefensesystem正確答案：B解析：由第五、第六句可知，因蜜蜂失去了其它昆蟲具有的冬眠能力，就溫度而論，它必須具有制造自己的環(huán)境的能力。所以答案為B。50．Accordingtothepassage,thehoneybee’sstingisparticularlyeffectivebecauseit______.A．hasmanypotentialusesB．cankillseveralvictimsatonceC．islocatedintherearofthebee’sbodyD．remainswiththebee’svictim正確答案：D解析：倒數(shù)第三句Thebee’sbarbedstingisusedonlyonceandismademoreeffectivebythefactthatitisleftbehindinthevictim．蜜蜂的倒刺僅能使用一次，由于這種倒刺留在被螫過的受害者身上，因而更為有效。所以D為正確答案。Whotalksmore,then,womenormen?Theseeminglycontradictory(矛盾的)evidenceisshownbythedifferencebetweenwhatIcallpublicandprivatespeaking.Moremenfeelcomfortabledoing“publicspeaking”,whilemorewomenfeelcomfortabledoing“privatespeaking”.Anotherwayofcapturingthesedifferencesisbyusingthetermsreport-talkandrapport-talk.Formostwomen,thelanguageofconversationisprimarilyalanguageofrapport(友好)awayofestablishingconnectionsandrelationships.Emphasisisplacedondisplayingsimilaritiesandmatchingexperiences.Fromchildhood,girlscriticizetheirfellowswhotrytostandoutorappearbetterthanothers.Peoplefeeltheirclosestconnectionsathome,orinsettingswheretheyfeelathome—withoneorafewpeopletheyfeelclosetoandcomfortablewith—inotherwords,duringprivatespeaking.Buteventhemostpublicsituationscanbeapproachedlikeprivatespeaking.Formostmen,talkisprimarilyameanstopreserveindependenceandnegotiate(談判)andmaintainstatusinahierarchical(分等級的)socialorder.Thisisdonebyexhibitingknowledgeandskill,andbyholdingcenterstagethroughverbalperformancesuchasstorytelling,joking,orgivinginformation.Fromchildhood,menlearntousetalkingasawaytogetandkeepattention.Sotheyaremorecomfortablespeakinginlargergroupsmadeupofpeopletheyknowlesswell-inthebroadestsense,“publicspeaking”.Buteventhemostprivatesituationscanbeapproachedlikepublicspeaking,morelikegivingareportthanestablishingrapport.51．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Womentalkmorethanmen.B．Themostpreferablewaymenandwomentendtouseintalking.C．ThedifferencebetweenpublicspeakingandprivatespeakingD．Menandwomentalkincomfortableways.正確答案：B解析：縱觀全文，文章第二段講女人在談話中喜歡用privatespeaking的原因，第三段講為什么男人喜歡publicspeaking，因此選B。52．Mostwomenusethelanguageofrapportintheirconversationsbecausewantto______.A．showtheirsuperioritytoothersB．exhibitsomethingtheyhaveincommonC．setupcloserelationshipsD．finddifferencesbetweenthem正確答案：C解析：由文章第二段第一句和第四句可知大多數(shù)女人在交談中使用聯(lián)系語的原因是想建立親密的關(guān)系。因此選項(xiàng)C為正確答案。53．Men’spublicspeakingmainlyshows______.A．theirsenseofhumorB．theirappealtowomenC．theirabilitytocontroltheconversationD．theirindependenceandstatus正確答案：D解析：文中第三段第一句：對大多數(shù)男人來講，談話是用來在等級秩序里保持獨(dú)立談判和建立地位的方式。很明顯，男人的公共交談顯示了他們的獨(dú)立和地位，因此選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。54．Itcanbeconcludedfrommen’sandwomen’schildhoodsthat______.A．thereisastrikingcontrastinpersonalitybetweenmenandwomenB．menandwomengrowupseeingthemselvesconnectingtoothersinprofoundlydifferentwaysC．menandwomentalkindifferentwaysbecauseoftheirdifferentbackgroundsD．thewayofspeakingreflectsthecharacteristicsofdifferentsexes.正確答案：B解析：第二段第三句話：女孩子從孩提時(shí)代起就對那些拋頭露面，顯得比別人優(yōu)越的同伴進(jìn)行批評；第三段第二句：男人從孩提時(shí)代起就學(xué)著用談活這種方式來吸引并保持別人的注意力。從語境來看，他們的孩提時(shí)代說明他們在成長過程中，自已與他人的聯(lián)系方式不一樣，因此選B。55．Theauthordevelopshismainideaby______.A．statinghisownpointofviewsB．introducingtwodifferentwaysofspeakingC．tellingwhymenandwomenspeakindifferentwaysD．givingvividexamples正確答案：C解析：縱觀全文，文中第一段提出論點(diǎn)：女人和男人談話的方式不一樣。第二段講女人選擇的講話方式及原因。第三段講男人選擇的講話方式及原因，所以選項(xiàng)C為正確答案。Aresomepeoplebornclever,andothersbornstupid?Orisintelligence(智力)developedbyourenvironmentandourexperience?Strangelyenough,theanswertoboththesequestionsisyes.Tosomeextentourintelligenceisgivenusatbirth,andnoamountofspecialeducationcanmakeagenius(天才)outofachildbornwithlowintelligence.Ontheotherhand,achildwholivesinaboringenvironmentwilldevelophisintelligencelessthanonewholivesinrichandvariedsurroundings.Thusthelimitsofapersonsintelligencearefixedatbirth,butwhetherornothereachesthoselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.Thisview,nowheldbymostexperts,canbesupportedinanumberofways.Itiseasytoshowthatintelligenceistosomeextentsomethingwearebornwith.Thecloserthebloodrelationshipbetweentwopeople,theclosertheyarelikelytobeinintelligence.Thus,ifwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandom(隨意)fromthepopulation.itislikelythattheirdegreesofintelligencewillbecompletelydifferent.Ifontheotherhandwetakeidenticaltwins,theywillverylikelybeasintelligentaseachother.Relationslikebrothersandsisters,parentsandchildren,usuallyhavesimilarintelligence,andthisclearlysuggeststhatintelligencedependsonbirth.Imaginenowthatwetaketwoidentical(同一的)twinsandputthemindifferentenvironments.Wemightsendone,forexample,toauniversityandtheothertoafactorywheretheworkisboring.Wewouldsoonfinddifferencesinintelligencedeveloping,andthisindicatesthatenvironmentaswellasbirthplaysapart.Thisconclusionusalsosupportedbythefactthatpeoplewholiveinclosecontactwith(與……相接觸)eachother,butwhoarenotrelatedatall,arelikelytohavesimilardegressofintelligence.56．Accordingtothetext,achild______.A．bornwithlowintelligencewillneverbecomeageniusB．bornwithlowintelligencebecomeageniusthroughspecialeducationC．livinginrichandvariedsurroundingswilldevelophisintelligencebeyondthelimitsfixedatbirthD．livinginaboringsituationwillnotdevelophisintelligenceatall正確答案：A解析：從文章第一段第三句Tosomeextent…withlowintelligence．選項(xiàng)A“天生智力低下的人永遠(yuǎn)不能成為天才”與此句意思相符。57．Asfarasintelligenceisconcerned,mostexpertsnowbelievethat______.A．birthismoreimportantthanenvironmentB．environmentplaysamoreimportantrolethanbirthC．birthandenvironmentarebothimportantD．neitherbirthnorenvironmentreallymatters正確答案：C解析：文章第一段最后兩句：大多數(shù)專家的看法是：天生素質(zhì)和后天環(huán)境對智力高低起著重要作用，所以C為正確答案。58．Toshowthatintellingencedependsonbirth,wemay______.A．havetwoidenticaltwins’bloodtested,andthencomparetheresultsB．havetwounrelatedpeople’sbloodtested,andthencomparetheresultsC．respectivelyexaminetheintelligenceofbrothersandsistersaswellasthatofparentsandchildren,andthencomparetheresultsD．respectivelyexaminetheintelligenceoftwoidenticaltwinsaswellasthatoftwounrelatedpeopletakenatrandom,andthencomparetheresults正確答案：D解析：文章第二段講到如果在人群中隨意找來毫無血緣關(guān)系的兩個(gè)人，或找來血緣相同的一對雙胞胎進(jìn)行研究，結(jié)果可能是：前者的智力完全不同，后者的智力非常相似，D項(xiàng)符合這一意思。59．Whichofthefollowinggroupsofpeoplearelikelytohavesimilardegreesofintelligence?A．Twoidenticaltwinswhoraisedandeducatedindifferentenvironments.B．Peoplewhoareneitherinclosecontactnorrelatedatall.C．Peoplewhodon’tliveinclosecontactbutarecloselyrelated.D．Peoplewholiveinclosecontactbutarenotrelatedatall.正確答案：D解析：文章最后一段最后一句：Thisconclusion…degreesofintelligence，可知應(yīng)選D。60．Theauthor’spurposeofwritingthispassageis______.A．toemphasizetheimportanceofenvironmentinintelligencedevelopmentB．toarguethatfactoriesshouldbeautifythedullsettingC．toexplainhowbirthandenvironmentinfluenceintelligenceD．tosupporttheviewthatbothbirthandenvironmentinfluenceintelligence正確答案：D解析：縱觀全文．作者支持大部分專家的觀點(diǎn)，既先天素質(zhì)和后天環(huán)境相互作用影響著智力。所以D為正確答案。ClozeAnyonewhohasriddenonarailroadtrainknowshowrapidlyanothertrain【C1】______bywhenitistravellinginthe【C2】______directionandconverselyhowitmaylookalmost【C3】______whenitismovinginthesamedirection.【C4】______atrainatastationstartstomoveforward【C5】______gentlythatpassengersfeelsnobackwardmovement【C6】______.Theniftheyhappenedto【C7】______thewindowandseeanothertrainslidepastonthenexttrack,theyhavenowayofknowing【C8】______trainisinmotionandwhichisatrest;【C9】______cantheytellhowfasteitheroneismovingorinwhichdirection.Theonlywaytheycanjudgetheir【C10】______isbylookingouttheothersideofthecarforsomefixedbodyofreference【C11】______thestationplatformorasinglelight.Newtonwas【C12】______thesetricksofmotion,onlyhethoughtintermsofships.Heknewthatonacalmdayatseaasailorcanshavehimselfordrinksoupas【C13】______aswhenhisshipislyingmotionlessinharbor.Thewaterinhisbasin,thesoupinhisbowl,willremain【C14】______whethertheshipismakingfiveknots,fifteenknotsortwety-fiveknots.So【C15】______helookshardattheseaitwillbe【C16】______forhimtoknowhowfasthisshipismovingorindeedifitismovingatall.Ofcourse,iftheseashouldgetroughortheshipchangescoursesuddenly,【C17】______hewillsensehisstateofmotion.Butevensupposingthatwehavetheidealizedconditionsofaglasscalmseaandasilentship,nothingthathappensbelowdecks,noamountofobservationormechanicalexperiment,performedinsidetheship,willrevealitsvelocitythroughthesea.Thephysical【C18】______basedonthesefactswasformulatedbyNewtonin1687.“Themotionsofbodiesincludedinagivenspace,“hewrote,“arethesame【C19】______themselves,whetherthatspaceisatrestormovesuniformly【C20】______inastraightline.“61．【C1】A．passesB．goesC．flashesD．moves正確答案：C解析：pass經(jīng)過；go走，駛；flash指速度非常快閃電般地飛馳，掠過；pass，go，move這三個(gè)詞遠(yuǎn)不及flash；move運(yùn)行，移動，但動作要慢得多。62．【C2】A．differentB．oppositeC．unlikeD．diverse正確答案：B解析：different不同的；opposite相反的；unlike不相似的；diverse分散的，幾個(gè)的。63．【C3】A．noiselessB．motionlessC．calmnessD．movingly正確答案：B解析：noiseless無噪音的；motionless靜止的，不動的；calmness是名詞“平靜”；movingly是副詞“活動”。64．【C4】A．AtalltimesB．AllthewhileC．AtalltimeD．Onceinawhile正確答案：D解析：atalltimes無論如何，一直；allthewhile一直，始終；atalltime始終；onceinawhile有時(shí)，偶然。65．【C5】A．soB．veryC．muchD．a(chǎn)s正確答案：A解析：此題是so…that句型。B、C、D均不與that搭配。66．【C6】A．wheneverB．whereverC．whateverD．whichever正確答案：C解析：whatever可作連詞，形容詞，還可作副詞“無論如何”。67．【C7】A．watchyouB．markoutC．lookoutD．view正確答案：C解析：watchout當(dāng)心，注意；markout規(guī)劃；lookout朝外看，把頭伸出去看；view仔細(xì)觀察。68．【C8】A．whichB．whatC．thatD．if正確答案：A解析：聯(lián)系上下文可知此空和“train．．．”與后面的“which…”是并列的賓語從句，因此填which。69．【C9】A．a(chǎn)ndB．butC．orD．nor正確答案：D解析：nor也不，常與neither或not連用，有時(shí)也與no，never等表示否定的詞連用，也可用在肯定句后，語序要倒裝。如：Thearticleisnotlong，noristhestyleeasy，and連接兩個(gè)對等的句子；but表示轉(zhuǎn)折；or表示選擇。70．【C10】A．conditionB．positionC．situationD．state正確答案：C解析：condition條件，形勢；position職務(wù)，方位；situation位置，處境