2021年causeeffect因果英語寫作

causeeffect因果英語寫作CausalEnglishWriting12021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024Chapter10

Cause-and-EffectinParagraphsWeek11--Week12For2013CohortUnit10

Cause-and-EffectinParagraphsWeek11--Week12For2013Cohort22021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024TeachingObjectives1Familiarizethestudentswithcause-and-effectformatinargumentativewriting2Familiarizethestudentswithtransitionwordsaboutcause-and-effect3Emphasizingthereasonsthatleadtothecurrentcondition4Emphasizingtheinfluencesoreffectsresultingfromanevent5Assignment32021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024INTRODUCTION

Inourdailyconversation,questionswithwhyareoftenaskedandanswered.Thisshowsthatcausalanalysisisverycommon.Similarly,itisalsofrequentlyusedinwriting.Let’slookatthefollowingexample:42021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024Questions:whyarereasonsoftenaskedandanswered?Why?Warm-upActivitiesThefollowingareexamples:52021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024Whatisthecauseofairpollution?Whataretheeffectsofsmoking?62021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024ExhaustgasfromcarsUncontrolledfactorygassesBurningoflowqualitycoalAirpollutionThecauseofairpollution:72021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024Smoking

Doharmtopeople’shealth

OftencausefiresWastemoneyTheeffectsofsmoking:82021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024Cause&EffectTellreaderswhysomethinghappenedTellreaderstheresultsofsomethingCause

Effect92021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024TheCause/EffectEssayThecause/effectessayexplainswhyorhowsomeeventhappened,andwhatresultedfromtheevent.Thisessayisastudyoftherelationshipbetweentwoormoreeventsorexperiences.Theessaycoulddiscussbothcausesandeffects,oritcouldsimplyaddressoneortheother.Acauseessayusuallydiscussesthereasonswhysomethinghappened.Aneffectessay

discusseswhathappensafteraspecificeventorcircumstance.

102021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024Theapplicationofcause-and-effectinanessayCause-and-EffectEssayataGlanceRUBRICStandardsforWritingAsuccessfulcause-and-effectessayshouldclearlystatethecause-and-effectrelationshipbeingexaminedprovideanynecessarybackgroundinformationmaketherelationshipbetweencausesandeffectscleararrangedetailslogicallyandincludetransitionstoshowrelationshipsbetweeneffectsandcausessummarizethecause-and-effectrelationshipintheconclusionIntroducethesubjectIntroductionBodyDescribethecauseanditseffects*causeeffecteffecteffectSummaryConclusion*ormaypresentaneffectandthenanalyzethecauses112021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024Outline:CausewithMultipleEffects

IntroductionGeneralstatement(past&presentcondition)Thesisstatement______________________________________BodyParagraph2(Causes/Effect)Cause1_____________________________________________Effect1A_____________________________________________Example(supportinginformation)__________________________Effect1B_____________________________________________Example(supportinginformation)__________________________Paragraph3(Causes/Effect)Cause2_____________________________________________Effect2A_____________________________________________Example(supportinginformation)__________________________Effect2B_____________________________________________Example(supportinginformation)__________________________Paragraph4(Causes/Effect)Cause3_____________________________________________Effect3A_____________________________________________Example(supportinginformation)__________________________Effect3B_____________________________________________Example(supportinginformation)__________________________ConclusionRe-statethethesisstatement_____________________________Summary____________________________________________122021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024Example:HighCollegetuitionCauseGovernmentaidstouniversitiesaredecreasing.Universitiesarerecruitingfamousprofessorswithhighsalary.Universitiesareinvestinginnewbuildingsandfacilities.EffectStudentshavetotakepart-timejobsandthereforecannotfullyconcentrateonstudies.Studentsareinheavydebtsrightaftergraduation.Somestudentsareforcedtodropout.132021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024ACauseEssay-OutlineIntroductoryparagraphThesis:Severalfactorsleadtotherisingofcollegetuition.Bodyparagraph1C1:Governmentaidstouniversitiesaredecreasing.C2:Universitiesarerecruitingfamousprofessorswithhighsalary.C3:Universitiesareinvestinginnewbuildingsandfacilities.Conclusionparagraph

Consequently,theabovecausesleadtotherisingofcollegetuition.142021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024AnEffectEssay-OutlineIntroductoryparagraph:Thesis:Therisingcollegetuitioncausesseveralproblemsforstudents.Bodyparagraph1E1:Studentshavetotakepart-timejobsandthereforecannotfullyconcentrateonstudies.E2:Studentsareinheavydebtsrightaftergraduation.E3:Somestudentsareforcedtodropout.Conclusionparagraph

Therefore,thesefactorsleadtotherisingofcollegetuition.152021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024ThetextasanexamplePeerPressure

SinceIattendcollege,Ifeelmoreandmorepeerpressure.WhileIusedtobeatopstudentinseniorhighschool,andwasalwayspraisedbyteachersandenviedbypeers,nowIfindtherearealotoftalentedpeersincollegeandIamtemporarilyandrelativelypoorinacademicperformance.Therefore,IfeelthatIhavechangedfromaherotoazero.

Cause&EffectRelation162021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024Cause&EffectRelation

Topic:peerpressureCause

usedtobeatopstudentinseniorhighschool,praisedbyteachers,enviedbypeers;alotoftalentedpeersincollege,poorinacademicperformanceEffect

fromaherotoazero172021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024Cause&EffectRelation182021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024Topic: MylearningexperienceinjuniormiddleschoolCause

Ihadakindandpatientteacherwhooftenpraisedallofthestudents.Effect

Becauseofthispositivemethod,IeagerlyansweredallthequestionsIcould,neverworryingmuchaboutmakingmistakes.Iwasatthetopofmyclassfortwoyears.Cause&EffectRelation192021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024Cause&EffectRelation202021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024Positiveeffects(influence/impact):improve/benefit/advantage/merit/help/contributeto/dogoodto/helpful/beconduciveto

Negativeeffects:

affect/hinder/prevent/damage/ruin/destroy/doharmto/be

harmfulto/bedetrimentalto

Cause&EffectRelation212021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024Outline1:(Ifwedevelopintheside-by-sidepattern,wehavetokeepalltheeffects,whethernegativeorpositive,atthesameorder,justliketheorganisationbelow.)1.Thecause: Iwentbacktocollegeaftertenyearsofbeingahousewife.2.Negativeeffects:a.Myhusbandfeelsworried;b.Mychildrenhavelesscarefromtheirmotherthanbefore;c.Idonothaveenoughtimetotakecareofthefamily.3.Positiveeffects:a.Myhusbandislearningtolookafterhischildren;b.Mychildrenarelearningtobemoreindependent;c.Iamlearningalotandbecomingmoreintelligent.Cause&EffectRelation222021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024Outline2:(Ifwedevelopthecontrollingideainthepoint-by-pointmethod,wepairthesameobject(person)withbothpositiveandnegativeeffects.)1.Thecause:Iwentbacktocollegeaftertenyearsofbeingahousewife.2.Theeffectsonmyhusband:Myhusbandfeelsworried,butheislearningtolookafterhischildren.3.TheeffectsonmychildrenThoughmychildrenhavelesscarefromtheirmotherthanbefore,theyarelearningtobemoreindependent.4.TheeffectsonmyselfIdonothaveenoughtimetotakecareofthefamily.However,Iamlearningalotandbecomingmoreintelligent.Cause&EffectRelation232021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024TopicSentence--Itshouldtellwhattobediscussedintheparagraph;--Itshouldalsoindicatewhetherthefocusoftheparagraphisonthecauseortheeffect.IfyoustaywithTomforaday,youwillknowwhyheisgainingweight.

(cause)2.AlthoughtheAmericanCivilWarturnedmanybrothersandsistersintoenemies,itsolvedsomebigpoliticalandeconomicproblemsofthecountry.

(effect)3.Alackofessentialvitaminscanresultinseriousillness.

(effect)4.TherearethreereasonswhyIwanttostayinasmalltown.

(cause)242021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024Studythefollowinginformation.Intheblankbeforeeachsentence,writeCifitisastatementofCAUSEorEifitisastatementofEFFECT.1.Topic:MusicintheUnitedStates___1)Popularmusicshowedadefinitechangeinthe1950s—amovementawayfromthebigbandsoundthathadappealedtothosegrowingupinthe1920s,1930s,and1940s.___2)TeenagersbecamemoreaffluentandthushadthemoneytobuyrecordsbyperformerslikeElvisPresleyandRayCharles.___3)Theblackpopulationfinallyhadthemoneyinthe1950stosupportthesingersandmusicianstheyhadpreferredforyears.___4)Alargeproportionoftheadultwhitepopulationthathadbeenpoorduringthedepressionbegantorebelagainstthesophisticatedlyricsandsoundsofthebigbandmusicians.___5)Thenewaffluenceofgroupsofpeoplewhohadpreviouslyhadlittlemoneytospendonentertainmentpavedthewayfortheemergenceofgospel,blues,androckmusic.Practice252021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024

effects(results)Thereforesoasaresult,consequentlyaccordinglybecauseofthisThus.henceforthisreasonresultin

causes(reasons)duetobecauseofowingtoasaresultofonaccountofforonthegroundofThroughBecausesinceasonthegroundthatSentenceconnectors262021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024SentenceconnectorsChildrenwatchtoomuchtelevision;

asaresult,consequently,therefore,becauseofthis,hence,theylosecreativity.(cause)(effect)272021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024SentenceconnectorsChildrenareSOinterestedintelevisionTHATwatchSOmuchtelevisionTHATwatchSO

manytelevisionprogramsTHATwatchSUCHalotoftelevisionTHATareSUCHavidTVwatchersTHATtheylosecreativity.(cause)(effect)282021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024WatchingtoomuchtelevisionToomuchtelevisionisthereasonforisresponsibleforleadstocontributestoresultsincauseslossofcreativeability.(cause)(effect)Sentenceconnectors292021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024SentenceconnectorsChildrenlosecreativeabilitysincebecausebecauseofthefactthattheywatchsomuchtelevision.(effect)(cause)302021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024SentenceconnectorsLossofcreativity

resultsfromfollowsfromisduetoisaresultofisaconsequenceofwatchingtoomuchtelevision.toomuchtelevision.(effect)(cause)312021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/20241.Lotsofcreativeabilityresultsfromwatchingtoomuchtelevision.(therefore)

Childrenwatchtoomuchtelevisiontherefore,theylosecreativeability.(so/such…that)

Childrenwatchsomuchtelevisionthattheylosecreativeability.Practice322021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/20242.ToomuchTVcauseschildrentowithdrawfromreal-lifeexperiences.(isaconsequenceof)_______________________________________________(becauseofthefactthat)

_______________________________________________3.Childrendevelopalowtoleranceforthefrustrationoflearning;hencetheyarediscouragedbyanyactivitythatdoesnotgivetheminstantgratification.(so/such…that)_______________________________________________(causesomeoneto)

_______________________________________________Practice332021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/20244.Anotherresultoftelevisionviolenceisthatchildrenhavecometoregarditasaneverydaything.(becauseofthis)______________________________________________(so/such…that)______________________________________________5.Becauseofwatchingtoomuchtelevision,childrenexpecteveryproblemtoberesolvedin30or60minutes.(resultfrom)______________________________________________(because)

______________________________________________Practice342021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/20246.Childrencannotunderstandstorieswithoutvisualillustrationsbecausetheycannotformpicturesintheirminds.(consequently)_____________________________________________(isdueto)_____________________________________________Practice352021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024Howtowriteaparagraphbycause-effectThetopicsentenceofacause-effectparagraphshouldindicatethefocusoftheparagraph:causesoreffects.Ifthetopicsentencestatesacause,mostprobably,theparagraphwillfocusoneffects;thus,thesupportingsentencesoftheparagrapharetopredicttheeffects.Otherwise,ifthetopicsentencestatesaneffect,mostprobably,theparagraphwillfocusonthecausesoftheeffect;thenthesupportingsentencesoftheparagraphistoexaminethecauses.Theconcludingsentenceusuallysummarizesthecausesexaminedinthedevelopment,orrestatesthetopicsentence,orsuggestswhatmeasuresshouldbetakenbasedonthecausesoreffects,orpredictswhatisgoingtohappeninthefuture,orraisesarelatedquestionaftertheanalysisofthecausesoreffects.362021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024

Accordingtoofficialstatistics,morethan10,000peopleinthecountrywerekilledincaraccidentslastyear.Theincreasingrateofcaraccidentscanbeattributedtothreegeneralcauses.Mechanicalproblemsofcars,suchasfaultybrakes,baldtires,andflattires,contributetothehighrateofcaraccidents.Environmentalproblems,suchasblindcorners,narrowstreets,heavyfog,slipperyroadscauseasignificantnumberofdisasters.Sucherrorsofhumanproblemsasexcessivespeedanddrunkendrivingareconsideredthemajorfactorofthefatalaccidents.Ifdrivershadbeencareful,manyneedlessslaughtersincaraccidentscouldhavebeenavoided.Withasubjunctivesentence,theparagraphmakesthesuggestionthatdriversshouldbecareful.Thetopicsentenceindicatesthattheparagraphfocusesonthecauses.372021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024GroupdiscussionWhichsentenceisthetopicsentence?Whichisthefocusoftheparagraph,causeoreffect?Whatarethemainideasofthesupportingsentences?Whichpatterndoestheparagraphbelongto?Whatarethesignalwordsexpressingthecause-effectrelationship?382021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024

(1)Insomeareasoftheworld,youcanfindmanypeoplelivetocelebratetheir100thbirthday,anditisnotunusualtoseepeopleaged110to140workinthefieldswiththeirgreat-great-grandchildren.(2)Whataccountsforthisabilitytosurvivetosuchanoldage,andtosurvivesowell?(3)Firstofall,hardphysicalworkisawayoflifeforalloftheselonglivedpeople.(4)Theybegintheirlongdaysofphysicallaboraschildrenandneverseemtostop.(5)Second,theygethealthfulrewardsfromtheenvironmentinwhichtheywork.(6)Theyallcomefrommountainousregionsatelevationsof1,660to4,000metersabovesealevel.(7)Theairispollution-freeandhaslessoxygen,whichmakestheheartandbloodvesselsystemstronger.(8)Anotherfactorthatmaycontributetothegoodhealthistheirisolation.(9)Toagreatextent,theyareseparatedfromthepressuresandworriesofindustrialsociety.(10)Inheritedfactorsalsoplaysomerole.(11)Mostofthelongest-livedpeoplehadparentsandgrandparentswhoalsolivedtobeveryold.(12)Finally,althoughthesepeopledon’teatexactlythesamefoods,theirdietsaresimilar.(13)Theyeatlittleanimalmeat,butalotoffreshfruits,vegetables,nuts,grains,cheese,andmilk.Cause1:physicalworkCause2:healthfulenvironmentCause3:isolationfromthesocietyCause4:inheritedfactorsCause5:diet392021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024(1)ArecentcensusreportedthattheAmericanpopulationisrapidlygettingolder.(2)Theagingofthenationwillbringaboutseriouseffects.(3)Themostobviouseffectisperhapsaneconomicone:howwillthecountrybearthecostofcaringfortoomanyoldpeople?(4)Theoldareconsiderablymoreexpensivetomaintain.(5)Theynowlivemainlyathomeandneedmoreservices,andmedicalcostsatpresentarealmosttwicethebillforpeopleunder65.(6)Tosupporttheold,thesocial-securitysystemalreadypaysmorethanitreceives,andwithinamatteroffouryears,itwillnotbeabletohelptheretired.(7)Then,tokeepthesystemgoing,workingAmericanswillsimplyhavetoworkharderandreceivelesspay.(8)Butthereisadanger:theyoungmayrefusetocontributewhentheburdengetstooheavy.(9)Inthatcase,thesystemwillhavetoallowtheelderlytoworkover65.(10)Infact,anumberofmajorfirmshavealreadymodifiedtheirretirementpolicies.(11)However,asmoreandmoreelderlypeoplestayattheirposts,theyoungergenerationwillfinditevenhardertofindjobs.Effect1:takingcareoftheoldcostingmoremoney

Effect2:thesocialsecuritysystemlosingmoney

Effect3:workingAmericansworkingharderbutgettinglesspayEffect4:youngpeoplerefusingtocontribute

Effect5:theelderlybeingallowedtoworkover65Effect6:youngpeoplehavingdifficultiesfindingjobs

402021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024RemindersDonotover-simplifycauses/effects.Remembersequenceisnotalwayscausation.Distinguishbetweendirectandindirectcausesandeffectsandbetweenmajorandminorcausesandeffects(organization).Donotomitlinksinachainofcausesandeffects.Beobjectiveandsupporttheanalysiswithsolid,factualevidence.412021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024Page44Importantevents(anexample)winningaspeechcontestathighschoolgraduatingfromauniversitygainingthedegreeofmasterworkinginauniversityasanEnglishteachergettingmarriedwithMr.Rightbirthofmychild

Nowyouarerequiredtowriteyourownimportanteventsfor5minutesinyourgroup.422021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024Page45a.1.fire

2.losteverythinginfire

3.selfish

4.hardtime

5.newappreciation(理解,領(lǐng)會)432021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024Page45b.It’sshocking.c.AlthoughIlostmanythingsinthefire,theexperiencehelpedmetogrowup.442021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024Page46Thefirstpassage(TodayIbecameanAustralian)TheattentiongetterTodayIbecameanAustralian.ThemainideaAlthoughIoriginallycameheretostudyforjusttwoyears,somethingterriblehappenedinmyhomeforjusttwoyears.TheguideInordertounderstandmydecision,youmusthearthestoryofmylife.452021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024Page46Thesecondpassage(Youhavebeendreamingabout…)TheattentiongetterYou’vebeendreamingabouttakingabigtripforyears,andthetimehasfinallycome.

ThemainideaYouknowwhereyouwanttogo,butthebigquestioniswhetheryoushouldgoonyourownorsignupforagrouptour.TheguideThissimplecomparisonofindependentversusgrouptourtravelmightchangeyourmind.462021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024Page471.(anexample)WinningaspeechcontestathighschoolGraduatingfromauniversityGainingthedegreeofmasterNowyouarerequiredtowriteyourownimportanteventsfor3minutesinyourgroup.472021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024Page472.IfeltextremelysurprisedandexcitedwhenIwonthespeechcontest.Thiseventtotallychangedmythinkingaboutpublicspeaking.Beforetheevent,IwasasshyasDaphne,afraidofspeakinginpublic.Butaftertheevent,Iwasasbraveasalion,readytoperforminpublic.Nowyouarerequiredtowriteyourownimportanteventsfor5minutesinyourgroup.482021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024Page48a.Theattentiongetter:Haveyoueverthoughtthatyouknewsomeoneverywellandthenfoundoutthatyouhardlyknewthatpersonatall.Themainidea:IthoughtIknewhimwelluntilonedaysomethinghappenedthatchangedmyattitudetowardhim.Theguide:LetmeexplainhowIusedtoseemyfather,whathappened,andhowitchanged.492021年causeeffect因果英語寫作8/23/2024Page491.Iwonaspeechcontestathighsc