高考英語一輪Unit 1 Science And Scientists知識梳理（新選擇性必修第二冊）

Unit1ScienceAndScientists

------------v必備知識.自主檢測/------------

I.詞塊記單詞

1.severediarrhoea嚴(yán)重的腹瀉

2.twocontradictorytheories兩種對立的理論

3.aninfectionfromgerms細(xì)菌感染

4.needproof需要證據(jù)

5.multipledeaths多起死亡事件

6.betoblame該受責(zé)備，應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任

7.thehandleofthepump水泵的把手

8.showalinkbetweenAandB顯示出A和B之間的聯(lián)系

9.inhisuseofmapsandstatistics在他使用地圖和統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)方面

10.changethethinkingofthescientificcommunityonthisissue改變科學(xué)界

對這個問題的看法

11.announcethefinding宣布這一發(fā)現(xiàn)

12.castdifferentshadowsofyou投下你不同的影子

13.pouritlikealiquid像液體一樣倒下

14.underone'sleadership在某人的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下

15.anoutstandingandcreativescientist一位杰出而有創(chuàng)造力的科學(xué)家

II.語境記單詞

1.Manypeoplearesurprisedbythetransformationthatthecompanyhasbeen____

transformedfromafamilybusinessintoamulti□million□pound

enterprise.(transform)

2.Initially,Ientirelyknewabouttheinitialstepstheytooktocreateabetter

campus.(initial)

3.Rose*sfatherisaskilledmechanicsoshehasbecomeanexpertinmechanical

problemsaboutmechanicallypoweredvehicles,too.(mechanic)

4.Inthetimeofwar,lotsofmoneywillbespentondefenceandmanymeasures

willbetakentodefendacountryfrombeingattacked,(defend)

5.Asanassistant,heassistedtheprofessorwiththeexperiment.Andhis

assistancemadetheexperimenteasiertodo.(assistant)

6.Theirdaughterhadagiftforlanguagewhiletheirsonisagifted

pianist,(gift)

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7.Acountry,whichwantstobepowerfulandsteady,shouldpayattentionto

developingitseconomysteadily.（steady）

8.ThefamousWestLakeislikeabrilliantpearlembeddedinthebeautifuland

fertileshoresoftheEastChinaSeaandshockstouristsworldwidewithits

brilliance.（brilliant）

9.Withsolidproofls）,thelawyercancertainlyprovethatheis

innocent,（prove）

10.Thesubscriberwasrichandgenerous,subscribingtwomilliondollarsto

theRedCross.（subscribe）

III.語境記短語

1.Icamedown（患病）withacoldthatforcedmetoslowdownmytraining.

2.Thereareconcernsthatanewcivilwarmaybreakout（爆發(fā)）ifnosolution

isfound.

3.Ateacher,aboveall（最重要的是）,shouldknowwhattodowiththeproblems

appearinginclasscorrectly.

4.Thanksto（幸虧）thesedonations,thepoorestofthepoorarereceivingthe

bestEqualitymedicinesonoffer.

5.Ihaveneversubscribedto（贊成）theviewthatschooldaysarethehappiest

daysofyourlife.

6.Althoughthecitypreservesagoodlookingeneral^M的來說），someofits

heritagewasdestroyedinWorldWarII.

7.Aneducatorwhoisinchargeof（主管）England'sexamssaidareviewofthe

primaryschoolcourseswouldbeachancetodecideifitshouldbetaughttoyounger

pupils.

8.Whydon'tyounegotiatedirectlywithhimandsolvethisissueonceandfbr

all（徹底地）？

IV.公式練句型

1.如果你不明白某件事，你可以調(diào)查、研究以及和其他人交談，直到你把它弄明白為

止。（until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句）

Ifyoudon*tunderstandsomething,youmayresearch,studyandtalktoother

peopleuntilyoufigureitout.

2.每天堅持寫學(xué)習(xí)日記是如此重要，所以我想把它介紹給你們。（so...that…）

KeepingalearningdiaryeverydayissoimportantthatIwouldliketointroduce

ittoyou.

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3.我要去修一下我的電腦，因為它出故障了。(havesth.done)

Filhavemycomputerrepairedbecausethereissomethingwrongwithit.

4.這個男孩好像對參加機(jī)器人比賽非常感興趣。(Itseemsthat...)

Itseemedthattheboywasquiteinterestedintakingpartintherobot

competition.

5.有網(wǎng)癮的青少年更可能患憂郁癥。(belikelytodosth.)

TeenagerswhoareaddictedtotheInternetaremorelikelytosufferfrom

depression.

-------------\關(guān)鍵能力?重難探究/------------

接國L練透

1.subscribevi.認(rèn)購(股份)；定期訂購；定期交納(會費)

［素養(yǎng)佳句］Heiskindenoughtosubscriberegularlytolocalcharities.

他很善良，定期向當(dāng)?shù)氐拇壬茩C(jī)構(gòu)捐款。

subscribeto訂閱；同意；贊同；捐贈

subscribe...to...在...上簽....；向....捐....

4基礎(chǔ)練透---寫出下列句中subscribeto的含義

①Hesubscribestotheviewthatwecantacklethesevereprobleminthisway

onceandforall.贊成；同意

②Thisistheschoolyourfathersubscribedtogenerouslyinthepast.捐贈

③Usingthemoneylearnedintheholiday,Ihavesubscribedtoseveralmagazines

recently.訂閱

口能力遷移一一完成句子

④AllofussubscribetotheviewthatagoodparentQhildrenrelationshipis

basedonmutualunderstandingandrespect.

我們所有人都贊成這個觀點，即好的親子關(guān)系是基于相互理解和尊重的。

subscribeto短語中to是介詞，后接名詞或動詞Ghg形式。表示“贊成”的同義短語

有：approveof,agreewith/to等；表示“捐助”的同義短語有：contributeto,donate

to等。

2.suspectvt.&vi.懷疑；疑有；不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑對象

［素養(yǎng)佳句］Don'tsuspecthimofhishonestybecauseheisveryreliable.

不要懷疑他的誠實，因為他很可靠。

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(l)suspectsb.of(doing)sth.懷疑某人(做過)某事

suspectsb./sth.tobe...懷疑某人/某物是...

(2)suspicionn.懷疑；疑心

undersuspicion被懷疑

(3)suspiciousadj.懷疑的；可疑的

besuspiciousof/aboutsth.對某事懷疑

(4)suspectedadj.被懷疑的

gl基礎(chǔ)練透一一單句語法填空

①(2020?新高考I卷)InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,

whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrug

dealing.

②Someofhiscolleaguesatworkbecamesuspicious(suspect)ofhisbehaviour.

③Manypeoplesuspecthisfriendtobe(be)akidnapper.

@Anymanwhohaswitnessedtheattackisundersuspicion.

口能力遷移一一完成句子

⑤Thebosssuspectedhimoftakingthecomputerawayfromthecompany.

老板懷疑他從公司拿走了電腦。

3.blamevt.把……歸咎于；責(zé)怪；指責(zé)n.責(zé)備；指責(zé)

［素養(yǎng)佳句］Policeareblamingtheaccidentondangerousdriving.

警方把事故原因歸咎于危險駕駛。

(l)blame...fbr...因...而責(zé)備....

blamesth.onsb./sth.把某事歸咎于某人/某事

betoblame(for...)(因...)應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任；(因....)該受責(zé)備

(2)lay/puttheblame(fbr...)on...(把...)歸咎于....

國基礎(chǔ)練透一一單句語法填空

①Onceyouformthehabitofblamingtheworldforyourfailure,youarealoser.

②Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning,andputtheblameon

thealarmclock.

③Itwastheprofessorratherthanhisassistantthatwastoblame(blame)for

whathadhappenedinthelab.

口能力遷移一一句式升級

Alicewasinlowspiritsbecauseshewasblamedforthebreakdownoftheschool

computernetwork.

④Blamedforthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlow

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spirits.（過去分詞短語作狀語）

betoblameforsth.意為“應(yīng)為某事負(fù)責(zé)或受指責(zé)”，其中不定式用主動形式表示被

動含義。

4.decreasen.~減少；降低；減少量vt.~&vi.（使大小、數(shù)量等）減少；減??；降

低

［素養(yǎng)佳句］InSpainandPortugaltherehasbeenadecreaseinthenumberofyoung

peopleoutofwork.

在西班牙和葡萄牙，失業(yè)青年人數(shù)已經(jīng)有所下降。

(l)decreaseby...減少了多少；increaseby...增加了多少

decreaseto...減少到多少；increaseto...增加到多少

decreasefrom...to...從...減少到....

(2)onthedecrease在減少；ontheincrease在增力口

團(tuán)基礎(chǔ)練透一一單句語法填空

①Withthedevelopmentofeconomy,thepopulationofthecityhasnowincreased

toamillion.

②Thepressureatworkisontheincreaseinalloccupations.

③Tooursorrow,populationgrowthisdecreasingby1.4%inlargecitieseach

year.

E能力遷移------句多譯

由于人類活動，一些稀有動物的數(shù)量在減少。

@Becauseofhumanactivity,thenumberofsomerareanimalsisonthe

decrease.(decreasen.)

⑤Becauseofhumanactivity,thenumberofsomerareanimalsis

decreasing.(decreasev.)

5.defendvt.保衛(wèi)；防守；辯解

［素養(yǎng)佳句］Shewillbedefendinghertitleatnextmonth*schampionships.

她將在下月的錦標(biāo)賽上爭取蟬聯(lián)冠軍。

(l)defend...against/from(doing)...保護(hù)……免受……

defendoneself自衛(wèi)；為自己辯護(hù)

（2）defencen.防御；保衛(wèi)；防御物

indefence（of）保護(hù)；為了保衛(wèi)；（為…）辯護(hù)

inone'sdefence為某人辯護(hù)

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叵基礎(chǔ)練透一一單句語法填空

①(2020?浙江卷7月)Terrified,ElliandItriedallthebeardefence(defend)

actionsweknew.

②Manytreeswereplantedtheretodefendtheearthfrombeingwashed(wash)

away.

③Whenadogattackedme,Ipickedupasticktodefendmyself(I).

(4)Shesteppedbackappearingsurprisedandputupherhandsasifindefence._

E能力遷移------句多譯

人們認(rèn)為應(yīng)該訓(xùn)練學(xué)生保護(hù)他們自己以免遭某些攻擊。

@Ifsthoughtthatstudentsshouldbetrainedtodefbndthemselvesagainstsome

attacks.(defend)

@Ifsthoughtthatstudentsshouldbetrainedindefenceofthemselvesfh)m

someattacks.(defence)

6.aboveall最重要的是；尤其是

［素養(yǎng)佳句］Ourgoodscompeteintermsofproductquality,reliabilityandabove

allvariety.

我們的產(chǎn)品在質(zhì)量、可靠性，尤其是品種方面頗具競爭力。

afterall畢竟;終究

allinall整體說來；總而言之

inall全部；合計

atall(否定句)一點兒也不；(疑問句)到底；究竟

firstofall首先

區(qū)1基礎(chǔ)練透---用all的相關(guān)短語填空

①Iwasveryupsettofindoutthathedidn'tlikemygiftatall.

②Thelittlegirlwasanxiousandbegantotremble.Afterall,itwasthefirst

timethatshehadbeenonthestage.

③Howmanystudentsarethereinyourschoolinall?

口能力遷移一一完成句子

@A11inall,Isincerelyinviteyoutocometoourschoolandseeforyourself.

總之，我真誠地邀請你到我們學(xué)校來親自看看。

7.Sb./Sth.belikelytodosth.

［素養(yǎng)佳句］Ifyoucanfindsuitablelearningmethods,yourlearningefficiency

islikelytoimprove.

如果你能找到合適的學(xué)習(xí)方法，你的學(xué)習(xí)效率就有可能會提高。

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(l)Sb./Sth.belikelytodosth.=It'slikelythatsb./sth....某人/某物做

某事是可能的。

(2)notlikely絕不可能，絕對不會

(3)unlikelyadj.不可能的

團(tuán)基礎(chǔ)練透一一單句語法填空

①(2019?全國I卷)Hospitalpatientswhoseetreebranchesouttheirwindoware

likelytorecover(recover)atafasterratethanpatientswhoseebuildingsorsky

instead.

②Ifoneislateforajobinterview,it_isnotlikelythathewillgetthejob.

?Someonewholackspersistenceisunlikely(likely)tomakeagoodresearcher.

口能力遷移------句多譯

白天這個時候他不可能來，因為他太忙了。

④Heisnotlikelytocomeatthistimeofdaybecauseheistoobusy.(likely)

⑤Itisnotlikelythathewillcomeatthistimeofdaybecauseheistoobusy.(It

islikelythat...)

版畫一練全

選詞填空

outstanding;shift;pour;link;fault;thanksto;breakout;comedown;once

andforall;statistic

1.Heissuchamanwhoisalwaysfindingfaultwithotherpeople.

2.ThankstothehighQpeedtrains,wecangoaroundalloverthecountrymore

conveniently.

3.Abigfirebrokeoutinthehotelyesterdayevening,whichcausedalotof

damage.

4.Shelistened,shiftingnervouslyfromonefoottoanother.

5.WhenTanesawhereffortspaidoff,tearsofhappinesspoureddownhercheeks.

6.Unfortunately,theoutstandingastronomercamedownwithasevereillness.

7.Yellowislinkedwithconfidence,selfHespectandfriendliness.

8.Statisticsshowthat50%ofnewbusinessesfailintheirfirstyearbecause

theylackenoughexperience.

9.YuanLongpingisanoutstandingChineseagriculturalexpert.

10.Wehavetohandlethismatteronceandforall.

福考對接

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I.語境猜詞義

1.（2021,全國甲卷）It'stheseasidebirdsthatdeserveatleastpartoftheblame

forgettingNickBurchillblacklistedattheFairmontEmpressHotelinVictoria,

Canada.n.責(zé)任

2.（2020?天津卷7月）Sherealizedshelookedlikeachild,withhertinyfigure.

“Smalldoesnotmeanweak,sirshedefendedherself.v.辯解

3.（2020?天津卷7月）Hepullsoutaspecialdevice,pointsitatthesuspect,

andswitchesiton.n.可疑對象

II.一詞多義

1.（2021?全國乙卷）Peoplehavebeenpouringintostadiumssincethedaysof

ancientGreece.C

A.v.灌，倒B.v.（雨）傾盆而下

C.v.（人）大量涌至D.v.斟（飲料）

2.（2020?新高考I卷）It'sbettertoleaveyourlistenerswishingformorethan

shiftingrestlesslyintheirseatswaitingforyourspeechfinallytoend.B

A.v.轉(zhuǎn)移（注意力等）B.v.挪動

C.v.改變觀點D.v.推卸責(zé)任

III.完成句子

1.（2021,新高考I卷寫作）1havebeenadevotedreadersinceIsubscribedtothe

newspaDer.

自從我訂閱了這份報紙，我就成了忠實的讀者。

2.（2021,全國乙卷寫作）Forinstance,itsflexibilityenablesustolearnatour

ownpaceandlearnrepeatedlyuntilwemasterwhatwearelearning.

例如，它的靈活性使我們能夠按照自己的節(jié)奏學(xué)習(xí)，并反復(fù)學(xué)習(xí)，直到我們掌握了所學(xué)

的東西。

3.（2020?全國H卷寫作）Webegantohelppickpeachesandthenhadthemdelivered

tothefarmers*houses.

我們開始幫忙摘桃子，然后讓人把它們送到農(nóng)民家里。

4.（2020?全國I卷寫作）Sheissopatientwitheachstudentthatwsalllikeher.

她對每位學(xué)生如此有耐心以至于我們都喜歡她。

5.（2020?全國H卷寫作）Aboveall,thepickingactivityalsoinspiredourlove

oflabour.

最重要的是，這次采摘活動也激發(fā)了我們對勞動的熱愛。

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課堂效果?鞏固訓(xùn)練

I.單詞拼寫

1.Thepartysufferedsevere(十分嚴(yán)重的)lossesduringthelastelection.

2.Hewasanoutstanding(杰出的)athleteanddeservedtowin.

3.Thesechildrenhavehealthproblemslinked(相關(guān)聯(lián))toapoordietandalack

ofexercise.

4.Asnobodyhereknowswhatiswrongwiththemachine,wemustsendforan

engineertohandle(處理)theproblem.

5.Itisnotyourfault(過錯),soyouneedn*tmakeanapologytoJim.

6.Standingatthewindow,Iwatchedtherainpouring(傾瀉)down.

7.Mymainreasonforsubscribing(訂閱)toNewScientististokeeppaceof

advancesinscience.

II.單句語法填空

1.Duetothestricttrafficregulationsondrunkdriving,thenumberof

accidentshasdKcreasad(decrease)recently.

2.Whenthingsgowrong,allofusnaturallyfeeldisappointedandfrustrated

(frustrate).

3.Doyourememberthosepuzzleswhereyouhadtotransformonewordintoanother?

4.Theyoung