2024屆湖南省張家界市高三下學期二模考試英語試題和答案

絕密★啟用前2024年普通高校招生統(tǒng)一考試湖南3月高三聯(lián)考卷英語注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務必將自己的姓名、考生號、考場號、座位號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whowantstobuyacar?A.Thewoman.B.Theman.C.Theman’ssister.2.Whatistheman?A.Asalesman.B.Amechanic.C.Adriver.3.WhowontheJongjump?A.Jack.B.Michael.C.Sam.4.Whenwilltheyhavedinner?A.Whenthesonfinisheshishomework.B.Afterthefathercomesback.C.Afterthemothercooksthedinner.5.HowlonghasthismanlearnedSpanish?A.Threemonths.B.Fourmonths.C.Sixmonths.第二節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下而5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘：聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6.Wherearethetwospeakersrightnow?A.Onthestreet.B.Inthemuseum.C.Inaconvenientstore.7.Whichbuswillthewomanprobablytake?A.702.B.709.C.907.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8.Whatwillthemandotonight?A.Gotoaconcert.B.Gotowatchamovie.C.Invitethewomanfordinner.9.Whenwilltheymeetthedayaftertomorrow?A.About6:00.B.About7:30.C.Aboutr6:30.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。10.Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?AThetraffic.B.Tony'sreturn.C.Theholiday.11.Howisthetrafficrecently?A.Verybad.B.Prettygood.C.Justsoso.12.HowdoesthemanfeelaboutTony'sdriving?A.Unsettled.B.Anxious.C.Confident.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。13.Whydoesthemancomplainaboutthehotel?A.Thepriceistoohigh.B.Theroomistoonoisy.C.Thereisnoroomleft.14.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Changearoom.B.Changeahotel.C.Closethewindow.15.Howlonghasthemanlivedinthishotel?A.Twodays.B.Threedays.C.Fourdays.16.Whenisthehotwateravailableintheman'sroom?ABetween7:00pmand11:00pm.B.Between8:00amand11:00pm.C.Between8:00pmand11:00pm.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。17.WhatcanbeGMfood?A.Plants.B.Plantsoranimals.C.Animals.18.Whohasdisagreement-aboutGMfood?A.Scientistsandfarmers.B.Farmersandthegovernment.C.Scientistsandcustomers.19.WhyistherealotofdisagreementaboutGMfood?A.Itmightcausethelandtobecomesalty.B.Itmightcausesomehealthproblems.C.Itmightdestroynormalcrops.20.HowmanyadvantagesofgrowingandeatingGMfoodarcmentionedinthispassage?A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分.37：5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ALastyear,brilliant’botanistsfromRoyalBotanicGardens,Kew,discovered,identifiedandnamed114spectacularnewspeciesofplantsandfungi(真菌)fromaroundtheworld.Let’sfindoutmoreaboutsomeofKew’smostwonderfulnewfinds.ROYALMUSHROOMNAME:Queen’shedgehogfungusFROM:Surrey,EnglandNamedafterthelateQueenElizabethII,thisrarefunguswasfoundinanancientforestinWhiteDown,Surrey.Accordingtothescientistswhodiscoveredit,thesoft,whiteneedlesunderthefungus’15cm-widecaplooklikehedgehogs’needles—givingitthesecondpartofitsname.Cool!WORLD’SSTRANGESTDAFFODILNAME:SternbergiamishustiniiFROM:TurkeyTheflowersofthisrarespeciesarebrightyellow,butthey’reonly2cmlonganddon'topenupintoavisibleflower.Just300oftheseplantshavebeendiscovered,secrettohidethemfromillegalplantcollectors.RECORD-BREAKINGWATERLILYNAME:GiantBolivianwaterlilyFROM:Bolivia.SouthAmericaCheckoutthishugewaterlily—its3mwideleavesarebigenoughforakidtofloaton!ThebigspecieshasjustwonthreeGuinnessWorldRecordsforlargestwaterlily,largestwaterlilyleafandlargestundividedleaf.Andgetthis—althoughthegiantplantwasonlynamedlastyear,adriedsamplehasbeenkeptinKew’sownHerbariumsince1845!Botanistshadthoughtitwasasimilar,relatedspecies.Thankfully,thecaseofmistakenidentityisallclearedupnow.Unbe-leaf-able!1.What’sQueen’shedgehogfunguslike?A.Ithasyellowflowers.B.It’snativetoEngland.C.Itlookslikehedgehogs.D.It’scriticallyendangered.2.WhatGuinnessrecorddoesGiantBolivianwaterlilyhold?A.Theoldestfungi.B.Thebiggestleaves.C.Thefastestgrowingplant.D.Thelargestwaterlilyspecies3.Whereisthepassagemostlikelytohavebeentakenfrom?A.Abotanicalmagazine.B.Ageographictextbook.C.Ahistoricaldocument.D.GuinnessWorldRecords.BGrowingupinaJamaicanAmericanhousehold,foodwasanimportantpartofmychildhood.Iremembermygrandmotherpreparingfrieddumplingsandcurrymutton,jazzmusicplayinginthebackground.Foodwasourgreatesttreasure.Foodbroughtthefamilytogether.Foodcelebratednewbeginningsandeasedthewoundsoflife’suntimelyendings.WhenIwas8,Iwasdiagnosedwithamuscledisease,whichcausedmetospendmostofmychildhoodinhospital.roomsandwheelchairs,slowlygainingweightbyswallowingprednisone(腎上腺皮質激素)hiddeninsidemintchocolatechipicecream.Mymommadeitherdutytohelpmelosetheweightthroughstrictdieting.I’vetriedeverysingleone.Infairness,mymotherdidthebestshecould.Asasinglemom,shefeltthisbroughtuscloser.However,asanadult,Ibegantoexperienceaparalyzingfearoffood.My“I’llstartanewdietonMonday”mind-setlastedfor16yearsasIuncontrollablyateandabusedmybody.IwasworriedthatIwasnotattractiveenough.SoobsessedandafraidnoonewouldhiremeasanactressifIdidn’twinthebattlewiththenumbersonthescale,inFebruary2011Iwassendtohospital.Wedoextremethingstoourbodiesbecauseofthosenumbers,numbersthatcannottalkwithusorloveus.Ihavehadtostopjudgingmybelly,stopstarvingmyself,stopgettingonthescaleandstaringatthosenumbers.IhavecometotherealizationthatmylifeismoreimportantthanthosenumbersonthescaleandthatthequalityofthelifeIliveismoreimportantthanhowIlookinthemirror.4.Whatroledidfoodplayinauthor’schildhood?A.Itstrengthenedthefamilybends.B.Itwasasourceoffamilyincome.C.It’stheonlytreasurethefamilyhad.D.It’sthewaytocelebrateJamaicantradition.5.Whatmightbetheinitialreasonoftheauthor’sstrictdieting?A.Thebeautytrend.B.Hermusclediseasetreatment.C.Hermother’sexpectation.D.Anxietyabouthercareer.6.Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutherdieting?A.Itwasfruitful.B.Itwayuseless.C.Itmadeherfrightenedoffood.D.ItbroughtherandMomcloser.7.Whatattitudedoestheauthorhavetothenumbersonthescalenow?A.Uncaring.B.Deeplyskeptical.C.Dismissive.D.Particularlyconcerned.CWenormallythinkofbacteriaasourenemies.Buttheyaren’tallbad.Ourbodiesarefullofthemanditturnsoutwecan’tlivewithoutthem.Fromthemomentwe’reborn,weacquire,anddevelopaninternalecosystemofsymbioticbacteriaandothermicrobes(微生物)-theyareinterdependentplayersinourbody.Infact,thereareroughlyasmanymicrobialcellsinourbodiesashumancells.Thismicrobialworldiscalledourmicrobiome(微生物組).Whilesomemicrobescanmakeusill,weneedourmicrobiometosurvive.Combined,theyareeverybitasessentialasourheart,ourlungs,orourbrain.Mostofthemicrobiomeisfoundinourgut(腸道).Theyareessentialfordigestionandhelpregulatehormonesandboostourimmunesystem.Ahealthycollectionofmicrobesseemstobevitalforourwell-being,protectingagainstsomeofthebiggesthealththreats.Ontheotherhand,havinganunhealthymicrobiomemaybeacontributingfactorformanycommondiseases.Ourmodernlifestyles,westerndietsandoveruseofantibioticsmightallbehavingaharmfuleffectonourinternalecology.Sohowdoyoudevelopahealthymicrobiomeinthegut?Well,itseemsthatthemorediverseyourmicrobialpopulationis,thebetter.Andthebestwaytoincreaseyourdiversityistoeatawiderangeofplant-basedfoods.Researchshowsthatpeoplewhohaveatleast30plant-basedelementsintheirdieteveryweekhaveawiderrangeofbacteriaintheirgut,andthat’slinkedtobetterweightmanagement,betterheartheathandbettermentalhealth.Oneeasywaytoboostyournumbersistoaddateaspoonofmixedseedstoyourbreakfast.Theinfluenceofyourgutmicrobesgoesalotfurtherthanyoumightthink.Inthelast20years,we’velearnedthattheycommunicateconstantlywiththebrain,perhapsevenhavingcontroloveryourmoodandemotions.8.Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedwordsymbioticinthefirstparagraph?A.Coexisting.B.Beneficial.C.Special.D.Complicated.9.Whichstatementmighttheauthoragreewith?A.Plant-baseddietsmakepeoplehealthier.B.Microbiomeismoreimportantthanourbrain.C.There'ssomelinkbetweenthediversityofbacteriaandhealth.D.Theoveruseofantibioticsleadstodistinctincreaseinmicrobiome.10.Whatmightbediscussedafterthelastparagraph?A.Examplesofgutmicrobes.B.Gutmicrobesandmentalwelling-being.C.Interactionsofmicrobesinourbody.D.Waystoidentifybeneficialgutmicrobes.11.What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Gutmicrobes:FightersinthebodyB.Themicrobiome:AcureofalldiseasesC.Gutmicrobes:ProtectorsofmentalhealthD.Themicrobiome:AcontributortoourhealthDAstudyexpandspositiveevidenceforanewscreeningtoolthatdirectlyengagespreschoolchildrenduringclinicvisitstoassesstheirearlyliteracyskills.Thetool,calledTheReadingHouse(TRH),isthefirstofitskind.Ithasthepotentialtoidentifyreadingdifficultiesasearlyaspossible,accordingtoresearchersatCincinnatiChildren'sHospitalMedicalCenter.TRHisanassessmentdevelopedbyJohnHuttonandhisteamforkidsagedfrom3to5.Screeningtakesjustaboutfiveminutesandassessesperformancelevelsforkidsagedfrom3to5.Itaddressesasignificantgapinwaystoscreenearlyliteracyskillsefficientlyanddirectly.Thetool,whichisfunforkids,couldbeusedinplaceslikeprimarycareorpreschoolsettings.Thescreeningmeasurescoreskillstypicallyappearinginthepreschoolagerange,includingvocabulary,rhyming,alphabetknowledgeandprintconcepts.Allareskillspredictiveofreadingsuccessandoftenassociatedwithreadingdifficulties.Thestudyinvolved70healthychildren–34boysand36girls---between3and5yearsoldfromvarioussocioeconomicbackground.Thechildrencompletedstandardizedtestsofimportantliteracyskills:vocabulary,rhymingaridrapidautomatizednaming.Fifty-twoofthesechildrenalsosuccessfullycompletedMRI(磁共振成像),includingthemeasurementofthegraymattersurfaceoftheirbrains.Thethickercortex(皮質),particularlyinleft-sidedareassupportinglanguageandreading,hasbeenassociatedwithhigherskillsthatarepredictiveofreadingoutcomes.Manychildrenarriveatkindergartenunpreparedtolearntoread,especiallythosefromminorityandeconomicallypoorbackgrounds---estimatedatover50%ofchildrenfromdisadvantagedbackgroundsintheU.S.andover25%overall.“Byscreeningearlyduringclinicvisits,wecantargeteffectiveinterventionsthathelpthesechildrenbetterprepareforkindergartenandimprovereadingoutcomes–literally,snapingtheinbrainstoread.”saidHutton.12.WhatmightbethepurposeofcreatingTRH?A.Toidentifythebestreadingappsforkids.B.Todeveloppreschoolkids'literacyskills.C.Todiscoverkids'readingproblemsearly.D.Tostudykeyfactorsinkids'development.13.Whatcanweknowaboutthenewscreeningtool?A.Itlacksreliability.B.Ithasoperationaladvantages.C.Itcoversawidertargetgroup.D.It'smodelledafterconventionaltools.14.Whichparticipantsmaybemorecapableofreading?A.Olderchildrenfromminoritygroups.B.Youngerchildrenfromeconomicallyadvancedareas.C.Childrenwithcomplexcorticalpatternsintheirbrains.D.Childrenwiththethickercortexintheleft-sidedareasoftheirbrains.15.WhatattitudedoesHuttonhavetoTRH?A.Doubtful.B.Favorable.C.Uncertain.D.Conservative.第二節(jié)（共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。It’sobviousthatoursocietyfavorstheoutgoingpersonality,sobeingintroverted(內(nèi)向的)hasalwaysbeenseenassomethingthatneedstobe“fixed”.However,thereisnofaultinbeingintroverted.____16____Introvertshavehiddenpowers.____17____.Whileothersarebusychatting,introvertsobservethingsmost-peopleareunawareof.Sometimeswecanevenreadpeople.Whileitmayseemintrovertsarealwayszonedout,we’reactuallyanalyzingandthinkingofcreativeideastoonedaysharewithyou.Introvertsalsokeeptheworldbalanced.Inaworldthatcan’tstoptalking,theabilitytolistentowhateachotherhastosayisanimportantvirtuethatwillassistusinbuildingpeacefulrelationshipsofunderstanding.____18____.Bylisteningtowhateverpeoplepourout,introvertshelpmaintaintheorderoftheworld.Introvertscanself-recharge.Thoughtheoutgoingmaygaintheirenergythroughmixingincrowds,introvertsareself-rechargingpowerhouses.____19____.Theirenergyisfoundthroughloneliness.____20____.Inthenoiseofchatterboxestheirvoicesoftengetdrownedout.There’snothingmoredisappointingtoanintrovertthanfinallytakingadvantageofamomenttospeak,onlytobeinterruptedbytheextroverts(外向者）.Whileextrovertsmayspeakeverythoughtthatcomestomind,anintrovertwillchoosetheirthoughtscarefullyandonlyspeakoftheonestheythinktheirbesttoshare.Sonexttime,allyouhavetodoistobewillingtolisten.A.Unluckily,introvertsarefacedwithabigchallenge.B.Andthisisexactlywhatourintrovertsarebornwith.C.Introvertshaveshownthepotentialtobegreatleaders.D.Extrovertedpeoplewouldhavenoonetolistentothem.E.Instead,weshouldappreciateintrovertsforvariousreasons.F.Theydon’tneedtoconstantlyputthemselvesouttheretobelively.G.Justbecauseweintrovertsdon’tsaymuchdoesn’talwaysmeanwe’reclueless.第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Ithadlongbeentroublingalittleboythathisdeskmatecouldrank1stintheclasseverytimewhilehefailedto:heonlyranked21st.Athome,heaskedhisMom,“Mom,amImorestupidthanothers?IfeelIamas____21____ashim,buthowcomeIalwaysfallbehind?”Hearingthewords,shewent____22____.Momreallywantedtotellhersonthat____23____differs.However,wasthisinherson’sbest____24____?Thankgoodnessshedidnotopenhermouth.Thereweretimeswhenshewantedtotellhim.“YourfatherandIusedtobe____25____.Whyaren’tyoujustasclever?”Butshestoppedbecauseshefeltitwascruelto____26____himandthatsheneededabetter____27____.Timeflewswiftly.Toreducethe____28____onhersonwhowassufferingfromthe____29____ofunsatisfiedgradesandrankings,Momdecidedtotakehimtothesea.Whenlyingonthebeach,Mompointedtothe______30______andsaid,“Doyouseetheseabirdsoverthere?Whenthewavescomenear,littlebirdscanrise______31______whileitwouldtakelongerforclumsysea-gulls(笨拙的海鷗)tocompletethe______32______.However,haveyounoticedbirdsthat______33______flyacrosstheendlessoceanarenoneotherthanclumsysea-gulls?Youmightbeabit______34______,butyouwillbetheonewhowillmakeit!”The______35______speechaffectedthesonintotears.Now,thesonnolongerworriesabouthisrankings,because,withthe1stranking,heisadmittedtoatopuniversity.21.A.cleverB.determinedC.mindfulD.Hardworking22.A.wordlessB.crazyC.shyD.missing23.A.methodB.degreeC.intelligenceD.result24.A.opinionB.practiceC.interestD.case25.A.outgoingB.outstandingC.activeD.ambitious26.A.hitB.holdC.blameD.block27.A.answerB.questionC.excuseD.explanation28A.debtB.tensionC.commentD.burden29.A.painsB.tragediesC.riskD.loss30.A.backB.skyC.frontD.feet31.A.sharplyB.slightlyC.dramaticallyD.quickly32.A.assignmentB.acquisitionC.projectD.process33.A.accidentallyB.finallyC.carefullyD.patiently34.A.slowerB.swifterC.nervousD.anxious35.A.emotionalB.movingC.typicalD.continuous第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分13分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Thehigh-profileChina-LaosRailwayopenedtointernationalpassengersonThursday,showinghowtheBeltandRoadInitiative（BRI）isawin-winsituation.TheD887train,____36____（depart）fromKunming,Yunnanprovince,at8:08amandarrivedatVientiane,capitalofLaos,at6:38pm.Itisthefirstinternationalcross-borderpassengertrainservicethatChinahasputintooperationsincetheCOVID-19pandemic."Theservicenotonly____37____（far）facilitatestheflowofpeopleandtradebetween:ChinaandLaos,____38____promotestherecoveryoftourismandother____39____（industry）,andbringsvitalitytothedevelopmentbetweenthesetwocountries."saidWangWenbin,spokesmanfortheMinistryofForeignAffairs,atanewsconferenceonThursday,"ItisamodelprojectofChinaandAssociationofSoutheastAsianNations（ASEAN）countriesworkingontheBRIandpromoting____40____（region）economicintegration."AccordingtoaWorldBankestimate,thegrossdomesticproductinLaoswillbeincreased____41____21percentasaresultoftheconstructionandoperationoftheChina-LaosRailway.____42____willalsocreatemorejobsforLaopeople.Thisyear____43____（mark）thetenthanniversaryoftheBRI.____44____（promote）theinitiative,ChinawillcontinuetocooperatewithASEANmembers,_____45_____（benefit）twobillionpeopleintheregion.第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）46.假定你是李華，你的朋友George想要了解中國舞獅（LionDancc）的文化。請給George寫封郵件介紹相關的內(nèi)容，內(nèi)容包括：1.寫信的目的；2.簡單介紹舞獅的形式和意義；3.邀請他來中國親自感受。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應為80左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。DearGeorge,HearingthatyouareinterestedinChineseLionDunce.I’mwritingto___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours.LiHua第二節(jié)（分25分）47.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文AyoungandsuccessfulmanagerhadanewJaguar,whoseside*doorwasdented（凹陷的）.Thedamagewasverynoticeable,butthemanagerneverbotheredtorepairit.Hekeptthedenttheretoremindhimofoneafternoonaswellasthismessage：Don'tgothroughlifesofastthatsomeonehastothrowabrickatyoutogetyourattention!Themanagerwastravelingdownaneighborhoodstreet,goingabittoofastinhisnew.Jaguar.Hewaswatchingforkidsrushingoutfrombetweenparkedcarsandsloweddownwhenhethoughthesawsomething.Ashiscarpassed,nochildrenappeared.Instead,abrickcrashedintotheJag'ssidedoor!HebrakedsharplyanddrovetheJagbackwardtothespotwherethebrickhadbeenthrown.Theangrydriverthenjumpedoutofthecar,grabbedthenearestkidandpushedhimupagainstaparkedcar,shouting,“Whatwasthatallaboutandwhoareyou?”Theyoungboyapologized."Pleasemister...please,I’msorry...Ididn'tknowwhatelsetodo,"hebegged.“Ithrewthebrickbecausenooneelsewouldstop..."Withtearscorningdownhisface,thelittleboypointedtoaspotjustaroundaparkedcar.“MyelderbrotherfelloutofhiswheelchairandIcan'tlifthimup.hesaid.Stillcrying,theboyaskedtheastonishedmanager,"Wouldyoupleasehelpmegethimbackintohiswheelchair?He'shurtandhe'stooheavyforme.”Movedbeyondwords,hehurriedtothespotwiththeboy.Anotherboywaslyingonthe,groundbleeding.Hetookouthiscleanhandkerchiefandtouchedlightlyatthefreshscrapes（擦傷）andcuts.Aquicklooktoldhimthatthewoundwasserious,thedisabledmustbetakentothehospitalatonce.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右；2.請按如下格式在相應位置作答。Luckily,hehadafirst-aidkitinthecar.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Infifteenminutes,theyarrivedatthenearesthospital._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________