重難點(diǎn)25完形填空之說明文-2023年中考英語專練（原卷版）

專項(xiàng)五中考題型重難點(diǎn)25完形填空之說明文 1.命題特點(diǎn)分析：1.1.開頭點(diǎn)題。說明文類完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出說明的對(duì)象，這是掌握說明細(xì)節(jié)的前提。1.2.結(jié)構(gòu)清晰。說明文一般按一定的順序展開。理清文章的說明順序，對(duì)于正確把握文意和上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，選擇正確答案具有重要意義。1.3.難度較大。說明文往往采用比較正式的文體，表述準(zhǔn)確嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，生詞術(shù)語較多，句子較長，結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜。1.4.說明文一般采用簡練的語言，按一定的方法介紹事物的類別、性質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)、構(gòu)造、成因、關(guān)系或事物的運(yùn)動(dòng)變化、發(fā)展的過程及其規(guī)律。1.5.說明文十分講究條理性，一般采取時(shí)間順序、空間順序、邏輯順序或認(rèn)知順序來說明事物或事理。2.解題方法：2.1.快速弄清文章大意。對(duì)于此類文章我們結(jié)合選擇項(xiàng)，進(jìn)行粗讀或略讀，對(duì)文章的大意要先有一個(gè)大體的了解。說明文往往生詞較多，而題材又比較廣泛，所以閱讀時(shí)，首先要能夠掌握文章的大意。2.2.弄清楚說明的順序。把握了說明順序，就能準(zhǔn)確把握文章的脈絡(luò)，加強(qiáng)對(duì)整篇文章的理解。2.3.把握文章的組織結(jié)構(gòu)，理清事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。把握語篇特征對(duì)理解文意與答題極為有利。說明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表達(dá)清楚的、邏輯比較嚴(yán)密的短文。在閱讀這類文章時(shí)，我們一定要仔細(xì)研讀文章的開頭和結(jié)尾，從主題句著手，找出支持句，然后尋找文章的結(jié)論。這時(shí)，我們還要特別注意，不要被表面的一些細(xì)節(jié)所迷惑，我們在理解細(xì)節(jié)的基礎(chǔ)上，還要斟酌文字的內(nèi)涵意義，從而對(duì)文章進(jìn)行深層次的理解。2.4.注重上下文語境應(yīng)逐句精讀短文，逐題分析選項(xiàng)，對(duì)特定的語境作深入的理解，克服＂思維定勢＂，根據(jù)全文大意和詞不離句、句不離文的原則逐項(xiàng)填空。2.5.熟練做題方法，遵循四個(gè)原則：（1）上下一致。每個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)必須從全文出發(fā)，從大處著手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成誤選。（2）語法正確。從語法的角度去考慮動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)以及詞類用法。（3）邏輯合理。在完形填空題中，邏輯推理非常重要，有時(shí)每個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)從語法上講都正確，但是有的是不合語境邏輯的。（4）符合搭配。英語中固定搭配很多，需要熟練掌握，才能做好此類題目。1.試題難度保持基本穩(wěn)定。2.強(qiáng)調(diào)考生的通篇理解能力。大部分題需從全文出發(fā)，根據(jù)前后語境或行文邏輯做出判斷，體現(xiàn)出了＂突出語篇＂的命題風(fēng)格。

3.考查內(nèi)容主要以實(shí)詞為主，其中各詞考查比例稍微有變動(dòng)?？v觀近三年的中考題，動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞和代詞等實(shí)詞的比例始終穩(wěn)定占據(jù)80%左右。

4.有少量題目對(duì)初中學(xué)生提出了新的要求，即在掌握了雙基的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)英語知識(shí)有一定的擴(kuò)展。要求初中學(xué)生在掌握雙基的基礎(chǔ)上必須擴(kuò)展知識(shí)面，特別是要注重開發(fā)大綱內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的用法。典例解析（2020·四川眉山·統(tǒng)考中考真題）IntheUS,lotsofpeoplehavewaimai,orfooddeliveredtotheirhome.PizzaandChinesefoodarepopular.Thedelivery____73____canusuallygetthefoodtoyourdoorinhalfanhour.ButwanmaiforotherthingsisnotsoquickintheUS.Forexample,ifyouordertoothpasteorcookingoil,itwillusually____74____atleastonedaytoarrive.HereinChina.Icanordernearlyanythingandgetit____75____just30to45minutes.DidIforgettobuyonionsandcabbagesformakingdinner?Noproblemwaimaiwilldeliveritsoon.Thereisevenwaimaiforthings____76____medicineandsnacks.Somepeoplesaythismakespeoplelazier.Iguessthey’renotwrong.ButIreallylovethe____77____life.73．A．drivers B．postmen C．policemen D．cleaners74．A．spend B．cost C．take D．pay75．A．a(chǎn)t B．for C．a(chǎn)fter D．in76．A．a(chǎn)sfor B．suchas C．ratherthan D．insteadof77．A．fortable B．convenient C．careful D．mon【短文大意】這是一篇說明文，文章介紹美國的外賣和中國的外賣的不同之處，中國的外賣可以預(yù)訂更多的事物而且有些東西送到的時(shí)間也更短。作者喜歡這種便利的生活方式?！敬鸢附馕觥?3．句意：送外賣的司機(jī)通?？梢栽诎雮€(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)將食物送到你門口。drivers司機(jī)；postmen郵遞員；policemen警察；cleaners清潔工。根據(jù)前文“fooddeliveredtotheirhome”可知外賣需要司機(jī)送到你門口，用名詞drivers。故選A。74．句意：例如，如果你預(yù)訂牙膏或者食用油，通常要花至少一天的時(shí)間才能到達(dá)。spend某人花費(fèi)時(shí)間在某物上或做某事；cost某物花某人多少錢；take做某事花某人多長時(shí)間；pay某人為某物付款。句中it是形式主語，真正的主語是動(dòng)詞不定式toarrive，此處表達(dá)“到達(dá)要花多長時(shí)間”用動(dòng)詞take，故選C。75．句意：我可以預(yù)訂幾乎任何的東西而且可以在30到45分鐘內(nèi)就能得到它。at表示具體的某一時(shí)刻；for為了；after在……之后；in一段時(shí)間以內(nèi)或者以后?！?/p>

just30to45minutes”是一段時(shí)間，此處用in表示30到45分鐘以內(nèi)或者以后。故選D。76．句意：甚至有外賣比如藥品和小吃這樣的東西。asfor對(duì)于；suchas例如；ratherthan而不是；insteadof而不是。根據(jù)“medicineandsnacks”可知是在舉例說明，用短語suchas。故選B。77．句意：但是我真的喜歡這種便利的生活。fortable舒服的；convenient便利的；careful小心的；mon平常的。根據(jù)前文講述的外賣可以在很短時(shí)間送任何東西，可以此處用形容詞convenient表達(dá)“便利的”。故選B。（2022·安徽淮南·統(tǒng)考二模）Chinesepeoplearewellknownforbeinghospitable(好客的).Manyevenfeelthattheywilllosefaceiftheir____1____eatupallthefoodonthetable.Asweallknow,foodwastebeesa____2____probleminChina.Luckily,thissituationcanbe____3____withthehelpofarule.Accordingtotherule,foodproviderswhoencourageorforcepeopleto____4____toomuchfoodmayfacefines(罰款)ofupto10,000yuan.Andtheyshouldremindpeopletoorderthe____5____amountoffood.Besides,peopleareencouragedtofinishallthefoodonthediningtable.Nowmanypeopleshowtheirsupportfortherulebysharingphotosandvideosofempty____6____online.AndmanyChinesepeoplehave____7____thehabitoftakingleftovers(吃剩的食物)home.Thepurposeofintroducingtheruleisnotto____8____anybody,buttoavoidfoodwaste.Wastingfoodisnotjustawasteofmoney,butmore.____9____,itisawasteofresources(資源).It’snecessarytocreateanenvironmentallyfriendly_____10_____.Inaword,thereisnoexcuseforwastingfood.1．A．leaders B．winners C．guests D．officers2．A．simple B．serious C．possible D．different3．A．changed B．a(chǎn)ccepted C．created D．returned4．A．sell B．order C．cook D．taste5．A．same B．total C．large D．proper6．A．chairs B．bowls C．buses D．rooms7．A．expected B．broken C．discovered D．developed8．A．punish B．a(chǎn)llow C．invite D．understand9．A．naturally B．similarly C．importantly D．interestingly10．A．society B．family C．school D．pany（2021·廣東廣州·?？级＃㊣tisacoldanddrywintermorning.Whenyou___11___,yousuddenlyfeelthatyourthroathurts.Youbegintosneezeandlateryoumaycough.Youmusthaveacold!Waitasecond.Coulditjustbea___12___coldorthefluthat'sbeengoingaround?Acoldgivesyouarunnynoseandcough.Butit'susuallyeasyto___13___with.Sometakemedicinesuchasaspirin(阿司匹林)___14___otherstryhometreatmentslikeherbalteaorchickensoup.Usuallyyoufeelbetterafteraweek.Thefluontheotherhandcanbemuchmore___15___.Itusuallygivesyoufever.Sometimesitcanbedeadly.Theworstflu,thesocalledSpanishFluof1918to1919,killedabout50millionpeople,accordingtoTheAtlantic.Don'tworry.Gettingafluvaccine(流感疫苗)can___16___youfromthevirus.Fluvaccinesworkbygivingthebodyasmallamountoffluviruses.Thiscausesourbodytodevelopantibodies（抗體).___17___nexttimeyougettheflu,theantibodiescanhelpprotectyou.Unfortunately,thefluvirus___18___everyfewyears.Therefore,therearesomanytypesofflu,suchasH1N1andH5N1.Theantibodiesforonetypeofflucan'tprotectusagainstalltypesofflu.That's___19___weneedtogetthevaccineeveryyear.However,goodhealth____20____mayalsohelptopreventacoldorflu.Washingyourhandsoftenhelpsprotectyoufromviruses.Gettingregularexerciseandeatinghealthyfoodisalsoimportant.Allthesecanhelpyoustrengthenyourimmunesystem(免疫系統(tǒng)).11．A．standup B．turnup C．giveup D．wakeup12．A．mon B．little C．popular D．strange13．A．a(chǎn)gree B．deal C．meet D．start14．A．because B．a(chǎn)fter C．until D．while15．A．interesting B．familiar C．dangerous D．smooth16．A．protect B．leave C．recover D．draw17．A．So B．Unless C．Since D．As18．A．stops B．changes C．spreads D．kills19．A．how B．when C．whether D．why20．A．clubs B．customs C．habits D．hobbies（2022·河北石家莊·統(tǒng)考三模）Ifafriendhelpsyoualot,whatdoyoudoinreturn?Youcouldjustsay“thanks”,oryoucouldwritea(an)___21___notewhichismorepolite.Butmostpeopledon’tdothis.Whydon’tpeoplelike___22___thankyounotes?Andhowdomostpeoplereact(反應(yīng))whenthey___23___one?KumarfromUniversityofTexasmadeastudyofit.Heaskedeachstudenttowriteathankyounotetoanotherperson___24___email.Then,theyquestionedboththewriterandtherecipient(接受者)aboutthenoteandhowitmadethemfeel.Theyfoundtherewereseveral___25___forpeoplenottowritethankyounotes.Theyfeelliketheyhavetothinktoomuchaboutit.They___26___whattosayandhowtosayit.Theyalsooverthinkthe“correctness”ofwhattheyarewriting.Butpeople___27___likereceivingthankyounotes.“Asrecipients,theypayattentiontothe___28___ofthethank,”Kumarsays.“Besides,they(recipients)feelpositive(積極的)___29___theywerereceivingtheseexpressions.”Ifpeopleknewthatwritingathankyounotecanhavesuchabiginfluenceontherecipient,theywoulddoitmore___30___.Kumaradds.Kumarsaysthisstudytoldusthat“simple,smallchangesinoureverydaylivescanmakeabigdifferenceinhowwetreatotherpeopleandhowwefeel.”21．A．a(chǎn)dvice B．thankyou C．instructions D．sale22．A．reading B．copying C．finding D．sending23．A．write B．hear C．receive D．offer24．A．by B．in C．a(chǎn)t D．for25．A．forms B．reasons C．skills D．uses26．A．carefor B．takedown C．worryabout D．makeup27．A．easily B．recently C．finally D．really28．A．warmth B．time C．result D．spirit29．A．before B．when C．if D．though30．A．seldom B．hardly C．often D．usually（2022·山東淄博·統(tǒng)考一模）COVID19outbreakdrivesthegeneralpublictotakemeasurestoprotectthemselves.InmanyAsiancountriesit’s___31___toseepeoplewearingmasks(口罩)inpublic.However,thispracticeisalmostunheardofinmanyWesterncountries.InmanyAsiancountries,peoplewithcoldsare___32___towearmaskstopreventothersfromgettingsick.Somepeoplewithallergies(過敏癥)feelthatwearingmaskshelpsthembreathebetter.Maskshave___33___beeafashionaccessory(配飾).Somepeoplelikethemysterious___34___masksgivethem,whileothersenjoythefeelingofprivacytheyprovideinpublic.However,inmostWesterncountries,masksareonlywornbyhospitalworkersand___35___.Ifyouwearoneinpublic,peoplemightfinditunusualormayworrythatyouhaveaterribledisease.What’smore,masksaren’tusuallythoughtasawayto___36___illness.Instead,moreattentionispaidonhandwashing,andpeoplewhoaresickareencouragedtostayhome.Inadditionin___37___likeFrance,Italy,andAustria,itisactuallyagainstlawstowearamaskinpublic.Thelawstrytostoppeoplefromhidingtheirfacesforpublicsafety.Thisis___38___wearingamaskwouldmakeitmoredifficultforthepolicetofindacriminal.Somecountries___39___wearingmasksonlyinhighricksituations,suchaspubliceventsorprotests.Inothers,wearingamaskanywhereinpubliccouldverywellresultinafine(罰款).Asyoucansee,masksaretreatedvery____40____inAsiaandtheWest.Whileculturaldifferencesliketheseareimportanttoavoid,weshouldalltrytounderstandandrespecteachothernomatterwhat.31．A．mon B．difficult C．special D．fortable32．A．refused B．remembered C．encouraged D．disagreed33．A．still B．a(chǎn)lso C．instead D．yet34．A．sound B．taste C．smell D．look35．A．patients B．students C．teachers D．players36．A．develop B．reach C．prevent D．find37．A．villages B．towns C．cities D．countries38．A．a(chǎn)lthough B．because C．unless D．until39．A．a(chǎn)llow B．a(chǎn)ccept C．study D．believe40．A．easily B．importantly C．differently D．carefully（2022·河北·模擬預(yù)測）CustomersintheUSspendlessmoneyonBlackFridaythanprevious(以前的)years.BlackFridayisthedayafterThanksgivingintheUS.Thanksgivingisalwaysthefourth____41____inNovember.BlackFridayistraditionallythedaywhentheChristmasshoppingperiodbegins.Itisusuallyoneofthe____42____daysoftheyearforsellers.Manysellers____43____theirpricestoencourageshopperstospendtheirmoney.Somecustomersarriveatstoresbeforetheyopen,andwaitinlineforachancetobuy____44____things.Lastyear,Americans____45____atotalof$57.4billionoverthefourdays(fromThursdaytoSunday).However,thisyear,expertsthinkthattheamountwill____46____toaround$50.9billion.BlackFridaystartedintheUS,buthasbeemorepopularinother____47____recently.ManycustomersfromtheUKhavestartedspendingmoremoneyonBlackFriday,eventhoughBritishpeopledon'tcelebrateThanksgiving.OnlinesellerAmazonUKsaidthatFridaywasitsbusiestdayever.Accordingtothe____48____,customersbought5.5millionproductsonFriday,whichwasaround64thingspersecond.ManystoresintheUKalsoofferedcheap____49____,suchasTVs,coffeemachinesandotherelectronicproducts.Insomestoresshoppers_____50_____toleavethestore,eventhoughalloftheproductshadalreadybeensoldout.41．A．Monday B．Tuesday C．Wednesday D．Thursday42．A．busiest B．coldest C．quietest D．longest43．A．raise B．rise C．reduce D．change44．A．heavy B．big C．cheap D．special45．A．made B．spent C．took D．paid46．A．increase B．a(chǎn)dd C．drop D．get47．A．cities B．mountains C．towns D．countries48．A．website B．study C．story D．diary49．A．vegetables B．products C．fruits D．snacks50．A．hoped B．decided C．refused D．tried（2020·江蘇蘇州·統(tǒng)考一模）WhenIgothometheotherday,Ifoundalovelyredenvelope(信封)waitingforme.Itwasanotefromafriendofmine,congratulating(祝賀)meonmynewbook.Itwas___51___unexpectedandjoyful.Ina___52___worldwhereeveryoneistoorushedforeverything,herearesomewaysthatyoucanbeamorewonderfulhuman:RediscoversnailmailAndnotjustforlife’sbigevents.Consider___53___onesyoucanstickastamponandsendlovetoward.Maybesomeonelosttheirdog,andyouwanttoexpressyour___54___.Maybeaclassmatedidsomethingbrave,andyouwanttoshowgratefulnessorthanks.SmileanddialWhenwasthelasttimeyou___55___someonetowishthemahappybirthday,togetwellortosaythankyou?Textmessagesaregreat.Butwhensomeonepicksupthephone,youheartheirvoiceandcansharealaugh(orevenacry)together,andit___56___anemoji(表情符號(hào))anydayoftheweek.Asksomeonetheirgoals+givealittlesomethingAsksomeoneabouttheirgoalsfortheyearisaverygenerousact.Thiskindofquestiongoes___57___surface(表面的)conversationandleadsyoutoreallygettoknowaperson.Askjustoutofcuriosity.Besides,givethemsomethingthatmighthelpthem:abook,aconnection,orevenjustafewwordsof___58___.ShareyourblessingsImadeapromiseearlierthisyeartogivealittlemoneyeverymonthtocharity.I___59___myselfoftenofsomethingthatAnneFrankwrote:“Howwonderfulitisthat____60____needwaitasinglemomentbeforestartingtoimprovetheworld.”Thepower’salwaysours.51．A．pletely B．carefully C．correctly D．peacefully52．A．lazy B．busy C．crazy D．silly53．A．luckier B．better C．smaller D．stranger54．A．sadness B．carelessness C．happiness D．illness55．A．a(chǎn)sked B．told C．mistake D．called56．A．loses B．shuts C．steals D．beats57．A．through B．beyond C．a(chǎn)cross D．for58．A．encouragement B．development C．government D．instrument59．A．reach B．record C．remind D．remember60．A．everybody B．nobody C．a(chǎn)nybody D．somebody（2022·江蘇常州·統(tǒng)考一模）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ResearchersatChinaAerospaceScienceandIndustryCorphavedevelopedandmadetheworld’sfirstrobotwhaleshark,whichhasbeen__61__inanaquarium(水族館)atShanghaiHaichangOceanParkinthecity’sPudongNewAreasinceJanuary.Thewhalesharkisaslowmovingcarpetsharkandthelargestknownlivingfish.__62__andbuiltbyengineersattheShenyangbasedNo.111Factory,theunderwaterrobotis4.7meterslong,___63___350kilo