2025屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型突擊專題05閱讀理解之生態(tài)環(huán)保類含解析

專題05生態(tài)環(huán)保類序號內(nèi)容Part1題型總覽題型綜述技巧點(diǎn)撥讀相關(guān)詞Part2真題感悟真題詳解強(qiáng)重難詞析長難句..Part3專題強(qiáng)化真題自測新題模擬Part1題型總覽【題型綜述】“生態(tài)環(huán)?！笔且话阒袑W(xué)英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)話題之一，亦是高考英語?？荚掝}。本話題包括動植物愛護(hù)、生態(tài)愛護(hù)、自然災(zāi)難、環(huán)境污染和愛護(hù)等方面。這些話題與學(xué)生的生活休戚相關(guān)，聯(lián)系親密。通過對這些話題的學(xué)習(xí)以及高考英語對這些話題的考查，可以讓學(xué)生多留意身邊的人和事、關(guān)注社會環(huán)境、樹立環(huán)保意識、學(xué)會與大自然和諧相處?！炯记牲c(diǎn)撥】1.運(yùn)用語篇結(jié)構(gòu)，概括全文主旨大意，明晰寫作意圖。在閱讀時，首先用略讀法快速閱讀每段的首尾句，分析原文的文本結(jié)構(gòu)，然后依據(jù)作者謀篇布局的邏輯線索歸納主旨大意。假如文章中含有標(biāo)題、副標(biāo)題、圖片等，在概括全文主旨大意和寫作目的時須要重點(diǎn)考慮。依據(jù)英語說明文思維模式特征，作者一般都會開宗明義，直奔主題。結(jié)尾通常也是中心思想的概括，并與導(dǎo)語相呼應(yīng)。因此在做主旨大意、寫作意圖和最佳標(biāo)題等題目時，須要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注首尾段落里面高頻復(fù)現(xiàn)的詞匯和內(nèi)容。導(dǎo)語、主體和結(jié)尾是有機(jī)整體，解題時要綜合起來進(jìn)行推斷。2.利用文中語境線索分析長難句，進(jìn)行邏輯推理推斷。

在閱讀解題時，第一步可以閱讀全文，駕馭中心大意。其次步可以依據(jù)題干要求，用查讀法（scanning）再快速定位到相關(guān)段落。第三步可以重點(diǎn)搜尋段內(nèi)的標(biāo)記詞，利用標(biāo)記詞所供應(yīng)的邏輯關(guān)系找到細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)信息，如數(shù)據(jù)、例子、緣由和結(jié)果等。假如句子成分困難，有生詞，也不要煩躁退縮，分析主句和從句或非謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系，抓住行文邏輯的標(biāo)記詞，層層剖析，露出主干部分，就能明晰句意，弄懂作者的真實(shí)意圖。【讀相關(guān)詞】hazen. 霧霾conservationn. 愛護(hù)recyclev． 回收；循環(huán)利用ecologicalbalance 生態(tài)平衡makeproperuseof 合理利用keepthebalanceof 保持……的平衡attachgreatimportanceto 特別重視bring...undercontrol 把……限制住be/becomeawareof 意識到taketheresponsibilityfor/beresponsiblefor對……負(fù)責(zé)任mistn. 薄霧shortagen. 缺乏damagen．&vt. 毀壞，破壞destroyvt. 摧毀，破壞ruinvt.(使)毀壞；(使)毀滅n. (復(fù))廢墟；遺跡disappearvi. 消逝threatenvt. 威逼betrappedinruins 被困在廢墟中rebuildone’shome 重建某人的家園extinctadj. 滅亡的preservevt. 愛護(hù)victimn. 犧牲品，受害者damagenaturalhabitat 破壞自然棲息地endangeredspecies 瀕危物種dieout 滅亡naturalreserve 自然愛護(hù)區(qū)protectwildlife 愛護(hù)野生動物cutdown 砍倒raisetheawarenessof 喚醒……的意識liveinharmonywith 與……和諧相處pollutevt. 污染wasten. 廢料rubbishn. 垃圾；廢物littern. 垃圾garbagen. 垃圾greenhouseeffect 溫室效應(yīng)environmentally-friendlyadj. 環(huán)保的advocatevt. 擁護(hù)，支持，提倡preservevt. 愛護(hù)，保留，保存limitednaturalresources 有限的自然資源alternativeenergy 替代能源inharmonywithnature 與自然和諧共處livealow-carbonlife 過低碳生活prevent...from... 阻擋……做……raiseone’senvironmentalawareness提高某人的環(huán)保意識saveandtreasureourresources 節(jié)約并珍惜我們的資源takeaction/steps/measurestodosth. 實(shí)行措施做某事callon/appealtosb.todosth. 號召/呼吁某人做某事Part2真題感悟Passage1【真題詳解】【2024·全國新課標(biāo)II】Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn’tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion(時裝)enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria(海貍鼠).UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhave(showcased)nutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear”,saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.“Theecosystemdowntherecan’thandlethisnon-nativespecies(物種).It’sdestroyingtheenvironment.It’sthemorus.”saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield.Thefurtradekeptnutriacheckfordecades，butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s，thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit’snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMouton’sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.Thenthere’sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashion.Morgansays，”Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem-1thinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.”DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.Shetryingtocomeupwithalabeltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.28．WhatisthepurposeofthefashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn?A．Topromoteguilt-freefur.B．Toexpandthefashionmarket.C．Tointroduceanewbrand.D．Tocelebrateawinterholiday.29．Whyarescientistsconcernedaboutnutria?A．Nutriadamagetheecosystemseriously.B．Nutriaareanendangeredspecies.C．Nutriahurtlocalcat-sizedanimals.D．Nutriaareillegallyhunted.30．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsed”inparagraph5probablymean?A．Boomed. B．Becamemature. C．Remainedstable. D．Crashed.31．WhatcanweinferaboutwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?A．It’sformal. B．It’srisky. C．It’sharmful. D．It’straditional.【答案】28．A29．A30．D31．B【解析】本文是說明文。介紹了美國新奧良和布魯克林舉辦了不同尋常的時裝秀。展出海貍鼠制成的皮衣。海貍鼠們每年都在破壞大片的濕地，因此設(shè)計師稱這是一種環(huán)保的舉措，科學(xué)家們也對海貍鼠損壞生態(tài)平衡表示了擔(dān)憂。28．推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear,”saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.得知，美國新奧爾良和布魯克林舉辦了不同尋常的時裝秀，時裝秀上展出海貍鼠皮制成的不同風(fēng)格的衣服，項目總監(jiān)CreeMcCree說：“除非了解海貍鼠正每年破壞大片濕地，否則談?wù)摕o罪感皮衣是很瘋狂的事情”，可以推斷出由于海貍鼠對生態(tài)造成了巨大的破壞，這場海貍鼠皮衣時裝秀銷售的是無罪惡感皮衣。故選A。29．推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.得知，科學(xué)家們?nèi)绱藫?dān)憂以至于他們確定依據(jù)一條海貍鼠尾巴付給獵人們5美元，可以推斷出科學(xué)家們擔(dān)憂海貍鼠們嚴(yán)峻破壞生態(tài)平衡，。故選A。30．詞義揣測題。依據(jù)第五段Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.得知，毛皮貿(mào)易使海貍鼠受到了幾十年的限制，但是當(dāng)海貍鼠市場在20世紀(jì)80年頭末崩潰時，這種貓大小的動物數(shù)量瘋長，依據(jù)but推斷，這是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，以前由于皮毛交易，海貍鼠處于限制，現(xiàn)在這種海貍鼠之所以能夠數(shù)量激增，是由于市場不再銷售海貍鼠皮毛導(dǎo)致的，可以推斷出劃線詞collapsed是和D.crashed倒閉的意思最相近。故選D。31．推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段ModelPaigeMorgansays,“Togivepeopleaguilt–freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem-Ithinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleastinNewYork.”得知，為了給人們一種無罪的選擇，人們可以穿皮衣而不被人們潑油漆，我認(rèn)為在紐約將是一件巨大的事情，依據(jù)模特摩根所說得知，在紐約穿皮質(zhì)衣服是有風(fēng)險的。故選B。【強(qiáng)重難詞】environmentalistn.環(huán)保人士；環(huán)境論者；探討環(huán)境問題的專家ecologistsn.生態(tài)學(xué)家（ecologist的復(fù)數(shù)enthusiastn.愛好者，熱心家；熱情支持者；狂熱者ecosystemn.生態(tài)系統(tǒng)collapse_v.（突然）倒塌；（尤指因病重而）倒下，昏倒；（尤指工作勞累后）坐下；崩潰；（貨幣）貶值；折疊multiplyvt.乘；使增加；使繁殖；使相乘morallyadv.道德上；有道德地；的確地bringback拿回來；使…復(fù)原；使…回憶起來amassivething大量的事情non-nativespecies非本土物種crossyourmind縈繞在你的心頭【析長難句】1.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear”,saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.【解析】這是一個主從復(fù)合句。主句中的it是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的動詞不定式totalkaboutguilt-freefur；unless引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句，其中that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，做understand的賓語。【譯文】“假如你不明白海貍鼠每年都在破壞大片濕地，那么談?wù)摕o罪感皮毛聽起來都很瘋狂?！啊表椖靠偙O(jiān)克里·麥克里說?！痉聦憽縚____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.【解析】句中含有一個so…that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句，beconcernedthat是對…擔(dān)憂.【譯文】路易斯安那州的科學(xué)家特別擔(dān)憂，他們確定付給獵人一條尾巴5美元。?！痉聦憽縚____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Hesaysit’snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.【解析】句中says后面含有一個以it為形式主語it’snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,以thatnutriafurisgreen引導(dǎo)的真正主語的狀語從句。后面又有一個but連接的并列句hehasnodoubtaboutit.【譯文】他說，讓人們信任海貍鼠是綠色的并不簡單，但他對此毫不懷疑。【仿寫】_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage2【真題詳解】【2024·全國新課標(biāo)I】Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown，Ohio，forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother，employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurtherchangingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse，evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.＂We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,＂explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsgrow(發(fā)光)inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano’steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight，aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby，isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreeintoself-poweredstreetlamps.inthefuture，theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant’slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff＂switch＂wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource(電源)-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission(傳輸).Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.32．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Anewstudyofdifferentplants.B．Abigfallincrimerates.C．Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.D．Benefitsfromgreenplants.33．WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineer?A．Todetectplants’lackofwaterB．TochangecompositionsofplantsC．Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.D．Totestchemicalsinplants.34．Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?A．Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.B．Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.C．Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.D．Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.35．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?B．Howdowelivewithglowingplants?C．Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?D．Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?【答案】32．D33．A34．C35．C【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明白綠色植物對人們很有好處，因此麻省理工學(xué)院的工程師開發(fā)了一種發(fā)光植物。文章介紹了他們獨(dú)創(chuàng)這種植物的過程，以及這種植物的一些優(yōu)勢，指出在將來發(fā)光植物有可能取代路燈，達(dá)到節(jié)約能源的作用。32．主旨大意題。依據(jù)第一段中AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州揚(yáng)斯敦進(jìn)行的一項探討發(fā)覺，城市綠化較好的地區(qū)犯罪率較低。在另一項探討中，當(dāng)員工的工作場所被室內(nèi)植物裝飾時，他們的工作效率會提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是關(guān)于綠色植物的好處。故選D。33．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.可知這就包括葉子上印有傳感器來顯示植物缺水的狀況的植物，還有一種植物可以檢測到地下水中的有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)。由此可知，麻省理工學(xué)院工程師植物葉片上印上傳感器的作用是檢測植物缺水的狀況。故選A。34．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段中Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.可知發(fā)光的植物可以縮短這段距離，從而幫助節(jié)約能源。由此可知，這種發(fā)光的植物在將來可能有助于削減能源消耗。故選C。35．主旨大意題。依據(jù)最終一段中Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.可知照明約占美國總耗電量的7%。由于照明通常遠(yuǎn)離電源，例如從發(fā)電廠到偏僻馬路上路燈的距離，在傳輸過程中會損失大量能源。發(fā)光的植物可以縮短這段距離，從而幫助節(jié)約能源。結(jié)合文章主要說明白綠色植物對人們很有好處，因此麻省理工學(xué)院的工程師開發(fā)了一種發(fā)光植物，文章介紹了他們獨(dú)創(chuàng)這種植物的過程，以及這種植物的一些優(yōu)勢，指出在將來發(fā)光植物有可能取代路燈，達(dá)到節(jié)約能源的作用。由此可知，C選項“發(fā)光的植物能取代路燈嗎？”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C?！緩?qiáng)重難詞】productiveadj.富有成效的conductv.組織，實(shí)施，進(jìn)行；指揮（音樂）；帶領(lǐng)，引導(dǎo)；舉止，表現(xiàn)；傳導(dǎo)（熱或電）sprayn.噴霧，噴霧劑；噴霧器；水沫；transmissionn.傳動裝置，[機(jī)]變速器；傳遞；傳送；播送diverseadj.不同的，相異的；多種多樣的，形形色色的createvt.創(chuàng)建，創(chuàng)作；造成bedecoratedwith...由…裝飾take...astepfurther把…進(jìn)一步afaintlight微弱的光線aversionof……的一個版本positiveeffects_主動影響【析長難句】1.Inanother，employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.【解析】whentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants是時間狀語從句，其中的bedecoratedwith是用…裝飾?！咀g文】在另一項探討中，當(dāng)員工的工作場所裝飾有室內(nèi)植物時，他們的工作效率提高了15%【仿寫】_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.【解析】these是句子的主語，include是謂語，plants和aplant并列做include的賓語。第一個that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾plant；whenthey’reshortofwater是賓語從句，做show的賓語。其次個that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾aplant。【譯文】其中包括一種植物，它們的葉子上印有傳感器，可以顯示它們是否缺水，還有一種植物可以檢測地下水中的有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)。【仿寫】_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff＂switch＂wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.【解析】本句是個主從復(fù)合句。Where引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾anonandoff＂switch＂；whenexposedtodaylight是省略了主語和be的時間狀語從句。【譯文】工程師們還在嘗試開發(fā)一種開關(guān)，當(dāng)光線暴露在日光下時，這種開關(guān)就會減弱。【仿寫】_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part3專題強(qiáng)化Passage1【真題自測】【2024·浙江卷】Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s,accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor(因素).Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected,fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent;inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline,saidPatrickMcIntyre,anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources(資源).ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010,McIntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincomparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,dampnessofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪).Sincethe1930s,McIntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.1．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theseriousnessofbig-treelossinCalifornia.B．TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.C．ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.D．TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.2．Whichofthefollowingiswell-intentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?A．Ecologicalstudiesofforests.B．Banningwoodcutting.C．Limitinghousingdevelopment.D．Firecontrolmeasures.3．WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMcIntyre?A．Inadequatesnowmelt. B．Alongerdryseason.C．Awarmerclimate. D．Dampnessoftheair.4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．California’sForests:WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?B．CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoonC．WhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaForests?D．PatrickMcIntyre:GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia【答案】1--4ADCA【解析】這是一篇說明文。依據(jù)一項探討顯示，自20世紀(jì)30年頭以來，加州已經(jīng)損失了一半的大樹，而氣候變更好像是其主要因素。1．主旨大意題。其次段中，作者用詳細(xì)數(shù)據(jù)說明白大樹損失在各個地區(qū)的嚴(yán)峻程度，沒有任何地區(qū)幸免或不受影響，故選A。2．推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段最終一句AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources(資源).可知，對野火的限制使得加利福尼亞的森林里擠滿了小樹，與大樹爭奪資源，也就是對野火的限制是善意的，但對大樹產(chǎn)生了不利的影響。故選D。3．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.可知，造成加州水資源短缺的最大因素是溫度上升，這導(dǎo)致樹木向空氣中流失更多的水分，以及更早的融雪，這削減了旱季對樹木的供水量。故選C。4．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，自20世紀(jì)30年頭以來，加州已經(jīng)損失了一半的大樹，文章分析了引起該現(xiàn)象的幾個主要因素。全文圍繞“加州森林的大樹都去哪兒了”話題綻開，故選項A。Passage2【真題自測】【2024北京卷】Plastic-EatingWormsHumansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills(垃圾填埋場),andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms’chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste(糊狀物)andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass—apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes(酶)fromtheworms’stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2024.FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms’abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood—beeswax—alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic.＂Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,＂sheexplains,＂Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond.＂JenniferDeBruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(腸道微生物)?Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam’sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply＂millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.＂43.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?A.Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.C.Theycanconsumeplastics.D.Theywindupinlandfills.44.AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto.A.identifyothermeansofthebreakdownB.findoutthesourceoftheenzymeC.confirmtheresearchfindingsD.increasethebreakdownspeed45.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight.A.helptoraisewormsB.helpmakeplasticbagsC.beusedtocleantheoceansD.beproducedinfactoriesinfuture46.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainastudymethodonworms.B.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.C.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.D.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.【文章大意】本文為說明文。文章介紹了一種吃塑料的蟲子大蠟螟，它胃中的酶能夠降解塑料，這為解決塑料污染供應(yīng)了新的途徑。44.B【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第四段Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(腸道微生物)?可知，下一步探討是辨清分解的緣由，查明這種酶來源于哪里，是蟲子自己產(chǎn)生的還是它腸道里的微生物產(chǎn)生的。故選B。45.D【解析】推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章最終一段Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply＂millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.＂可以推斷出，Bertocchini希望這種化學(xué)物質(zhì)將來能在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中運(yùn)用，而不是僅僅依靠蠕蟲來分解塑料。故選D。46.C【解析】寫作意圖題。依據(jù)文章第一段最終一句Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.可知，有一種新的方法被用于分解塑料。再依據(jù)最終一段最終一句Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply＂millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.＂可知，Bertocchini希望將這種方法推廣到工業(yè)中。由此可以推知寫作意圖為介紹一種分解塑料的方法。故選C。Passage3【新題模擬】（2024·河北衡水市·衡水中學(xué)高三月考）Lastyear,thebushfiresinAustraliaburnedmorethan12.35millionacresofland.Atleast25peoplewerekilledand2000homesdestroyed.AccordingtotheBBC,thatwasthemostcasualties(傷亡)fromwildfiresinthecountrysince2009.TheUniversityofSydneyestimatesthat480millionanimalshavediedinSouthWalesalone.ZekeHausfather,anenergysystemsanalystandclimateresearcheratBerkeleyEarth,saidwarmertemperaturesandextremeweathermadeAustraliamoresusceptibletofiresandincreasedthelengthofthefireseason."Thedrierconditionscombinedwithrecordhightemperaturesin2024createdmainconditionsforthedisastrousfires.Australia'sfireswereworsenedbythecombinationofthosetwo.2024wastheperfectstormforbeingthewarmestyearonrecordforAustraliaandthedriestyearonrecordforAustralia,"HausfatheraddedonFriday.KevinTrenberth,aseniorscientistattheUSNationalCenterforAtmosphericResearch,saidwarmeroceantemperaturesarealsocontributedtomorevariableweatheraroundtheworld.Trenberthbelievesthatglobalwarmingcontributedtoenergyimbalancesandhotspotsintheoceans,whichcancreateawaveintheatmospherethatlocksweatherpatternsinplaces,causinglongerraineventsinIndonesia,forexample,andatthesametimecontributingtodroughtinAustralia.Hesaidthatonceanareaexperiencesdroughtconditionsfortwomonthsormore,itincreasestheriskoffirescatchingandspreading.Thosechangingweatherpatternsduetoglobalwarmingmakedroughteventslonger.Climateexpertsstressthatclimatechangeisnottheonlyfactorintheseverity(嚴(yán)峻)ofwildfires.Howlandismanagedcanalsoimpacttheamountoffuelavailableforfires.Practiceslikecontrolledbumsandotherfactorscanimpacttherisktopeopleandproperty,suchaswarningsystemsandthetypeofdevelopmentinagivenarea.Changingthosepolicieshasgreatpotentialtolimitfuturedamagefromwildfiresalongwithchangestohowfiremanagementresourcesaredispatched(派遣).1．Whatarethenumbersaboutinparagraph1?A．ThecausesofAustralianfires.B．TheresultsofAustralianfires.C．ThedamagedareasofAustralianfires.D．ThepropertydestructionofAustralianfires.2．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains''susceptibleto"inthesecondparagraph?A．Veryquicklytoadaptto.B．Veryseriouslytofocuson.C．Verylikelytobeinfluencedby.D．Veryeasilytobeprotectedagainst.3．WhatcanweinferfromTrenberth’sresearch?A．Longerdryweathercontributestoglobalwarming.B．Globalwanningisalsoamaincauseofthebushfires.C．Warmeroceantemperaturesleadstothefiresdirectly.D．Theimbalancedenergyleadstothetemperaturerising.4．Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhelastparagraph?A．TostresstheeffectsofAustraliafires.B．Toshowthemethodsforlandmanagement.C．TopredicttheseriousnessofAustraliafires.D．Toprovidesomeadviceaboutreducingfiredamage.【答案】1．B2．C3．B4．D【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了澳大利亞森林大火產(chǎn)生的條件和擴(kuò)散的緣由。1．推理推斷題。由第一段“Thisseason,thebushfiresinAustraliahaveburnedmorethan12.35millionacresofland.Atleast25peoplehavebeenkilledand2000homesdestroyed(這個季節(jié)，澳大利亞的森林大火已經(jīng)燒毀了超過1235萬英畝的土地。至少25人死亡，2000座房屋被毀)”可知，本段的數(shù)字表明森林大火產(chǎn)生的嚴(yán)峻后果。故選B項。

2．詞句揣測題。由其次段“ZekeHausfather,anenergysystemsanalystandclimateresearcheratBerkeleyEarth,saidwarmertemperaturesandextremeweatherhavemadeAustraliamoresusceptibletofiresandincreasedthelengthofthefireseason(加州高校伯克利分校地球分校的能源系統(tǒng)分析師和氣候探討員澤克·豪薩福爾說，氣溫上升和極端天氣使澳大利亞更簡單發(fā)生火災(zāi)，并延長了火災(zāi)季節(jié)的長度)”可推想，氣溫上升和極端天氣更簡單發(fā)生火災(zāi)，moresusceptibleto意為“更簡單受到……影響”，與C項“Verylikelytobeinfluencedby(很簡單受……的影響)”意思相近。故選C項。3．推理推斷題。由第三段的“Hesaidthatonceanareaexperiencesdroughtconditionsfortwomonthsormore,itincreasestheriskoffirescatchingandspreading.Thosechangingweatherpatternsduetoglobalwarmingmakedroughteventslonger(他說，一旦一個地區(qū)經(jīng)驗(yàn)了兩個月或更長時間的干旱，它就會增加火災(zāi)發(fā)生和擴(kuò)散的風(fēng)險。那些由于全球變暖而變更的天氣使得干旱持續(xù)的時間更長)”可推斷，全球氣候變暖是森林火災(zāi)的根本緣由。故選B項。4．推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段內(nèi)容可知，氣候?qū)＜覐?qiáng)調(diào)，氣候變更不是野火嚴(yán)峻的唯一因素。土地的管理方式也會影響火災(zāi)可用燃料的數(shù)量。諸如限制性燃燒和其他因素等做法可能會影響對人和財產(chǎn)的風(fēng)險，火災(zāi)管理資源安排方式變更的同時，變更這些政策有很大的潛力限制將來野火造成的損害?？赏茢嘣谧罱K一段作者想要介紹一些關(guān)于削減火災(zāi)損失的建議。故選D項。Passage4【新題模擬】（2024·云南昆明市·高三一模）Throughanagreementsignedtoday,themuch-lovedanimalswillcontinuetodelightvisitorsforanotherthreeyears,throughDecember7,2024.“We’reallveryexcited,”saysSteveMonfort,thedirectoroftheSmithsonian’sNationalZooandConservationBiologyInstitute.“It’sverygoodthatwecancontinueourcooperationwithourChinesecolleagues.”ThefemalegiantpandaMeiXiangandmaleTianTian,willreturntoChinaattheendof2024attherelativelyelderpandaagesof25and26respectively（分別地).Theprobablelifetimeforgiantpandasisabout15to20yearsinthewild,andabout30yearsincaptivity(圈養(yǎng)).LikelytotravelwiththetwoisXiaoQiJi（LittleMiracle）,whowasbornonAugust21,2024.The15-week-oldmalecubisthefourthofMeiXiang’sfoursurvivingcubs.Bylong-standingagreement,cubsbornincaptivityatthezooaresenttoChinabeforefour.WhenXiaoQiJiwasborn,hismotherMeiXiangbecametheoldestgiantpandatogivebirthinNorthAmerica.ThepublichasyettoseeXiaoQiJiinperson.Normally,itwouldbeataboutthistime,alittleover100days,thatacubwouldbeabletobesharedwiththepublic.Over1.6millionpeoplehavewatchedtheZoo'sPandaCamsincetheAugustbirth,withatotalof8.8millionpageviews.Justthisweek,hisparents,MeiXiangandTianTianmarked20yearsinWashington,D．C．.TheextensionagreementmeansthattheNationalZooandChinawillreachahalfcenturyofconservationandcooperationbetweentheU.S.andChina.“Itshouldn'tbesurprisingtopeoplethatcooperationisthefoundationofthewaythatonedoesthework.”Monfortsays,“Inprotectingspecies,nooneorganizationandoftennotevenonegovernmentcantheoreticallysaveaspecieswithoutpartnership.”5．Whatistheagreementabout?A．Twopandas'threemoreyearsintheUSA．B．CooperationbetweentheZooandChina.C．ThefirstpublicappearanceofXiaoQiJi.D．Thewaytoreturnhomeforthreepandas.

6．WhatdoweknowaboutMeiXiang?A．Shehasbeenabroadfor20years.B．ShehasbeensentbacktoChina.C．ShewasbornintheNationalZoo.D．She'stheoldestpandatogivebirth.7．What'sthepublic'sattitudetowardsthenewly-bornpanda