高考英語語法填空及完型填空講義

學習好資料歡迎下載學習好資料歡迎下載學習好資料歡迎下載新思維教育學科教師講義講義編號:副校長/組長簽字：簽字日期：學員編號：年級：高三課時數(shù)：3課時學員姓名：輔導科目：英語學科教師：陶毅森課題高考英語題型分析及示例課型□預習課□同步課□復習課□習題課課次授課日期及時段2014年4月24日19：00—21：00a.m./p.m.（A/B/C/D/E/F）教學目的（1）語法填空解題技巧及題目練習；（2）完形填空解題步驟、技巧及題目練習；（4）高考高頻詞匯記憶；（5）每日文段背誦。重難點教學內(nèi)容【語法填空技巧】根據(jù)短文前后意思，分析空白處所填詞語的詞性，如冠詞（a/an/the）、介詞（in/on/of/after/before,etc）、從句引導詞（who/what/where/when/how,etc）及特殊語境詞匯，即根據(jù)意思填寫。把握短文整體時態(tài)問題，遇到動詞時運用正確時態(tài)，無非就是現(xiàn)在進行時（V+ing）、一般現(xiàn)在時（第三人稱單數(shù)時加s或es）、一般過去時（加ed或特殊詞匯過去式）、現(xiàn)在完成時（have/has+done）、一般將來時等，還有就是會運用動詞的名詞形式。遇到名詞時，大部分時候是考察單復數(shù)（注意各種名詞的單復數(shù)問題）。遇到形容詞時，注意是否為比較級或最高級的考察，或是副詞形式的考察。InAfrica,whentheantelopewakesupeverymorning,thefirstthing___1____comesintohismindis,“Imustbeabletorun___2____(fast)thanthefastestlion,___3____Iwillbekilledbyalion.”Andatjustthesametime,thelion___4____(wake)outofhisdream,andthefirstthing___5____(flash)intohismindis:“Imustbeabletocatchupwiththeslowestantelope,otherwiseIwillstarveto___6____(dead).”Soalmostatthesamemoment___7____theantelopeandthelionjumptotheirfeet,andstart___8____(run)towardtherisingsun.Suchislife___9____youareanantelopeoralion,yououghttodashforwardwithout___10____(hesitate)whenthesunrises1.that2.faster3.or(else)/otherwise4.wakes5.flashing6.death7.both8.running9.whether10.hesitation【完形填空題做題技巧】通覽全文了解大意首先要通過瀏覽全文，跳過空格不看選項地快速閱讀，同時注意文中的暗示，努力找出關(guān)鍵詞，可以迅速理解文章大意。其次，在通讀全文時，應(yīng)著重注意首尾句對文章的主題的提示，首句有開篇啟示的作用，是觀察全文的窗口，往往也是演繹型文章的主題句。綜合考慮，逐項填空立足語段、語境，放眼語篇——掌握文章大意后，就可以按順序答題了，但并不意味著要依次一下子填好所有空檔，可先借助自己的語感，利用上下文提供的情境（通過上下文語境/暗示已經(jīng)成為近幾年高考完形填空設(shè)題的一大特色），推測出可能的答案，然后，再結(jié)合備選項進行驗證。對那些較難的空檔，可試著將備選項一一代入空檔，然后從詞匯意義及用法、習慣搭配、常識、邏輯推理以及上下文等角度，進行認真分析、比較，力求找出合情合理的答案。遇到疑難空檔時應(yīng)該冷靜、謹慎，切忌草率從事。否則，一旦選錯一檔，還可能影響其他，形成連鎖反應(yīng)。3.復讀檢驗，消除疏漏完成所有空檔后，還要再復讀一遍短文，檢查前后是否貫通、看看這時的短文行文是否流暢，意義是否連貫，邏輯關(guān)系是否合理。若有不合語感、題意或語言規(guī)范之處，應(yīng)審慎調(diào)整答案，力求做到萬無一失。應(yīng)依據(jù)文章的中心意思來重新考慮，從意義和語法兩個角度仔細權(quán)衡，加以改正，以便彌補疏漏。從語法上，檢查一下所完成的句子是否主謂一致，時態(tài)和語態(tài)是否正確，名詞、代詞的性、格是否一致，動詞、形容詞、名詞與介詞的搭配是否準確無誤。對于個別難度較大的空項，可以憑著自己的語感，堅持第一感覺選擇的答案。Lastyear,Ikepthavingthisnagging(不停地困擾的)feelingthatIwaslivingjustforthe“me,me,me”.Withthisin_1_,Idecidedtovolunteertobreakoutofthismecentricity.Afterreachingouttoanumberof_2_,Igotacallbackfroma_3_studioinNewJersey.Onmyfristday_4_,aremarkableyounggirl_5_myeye.Thatgirlcoulddance!Asidefromher_6_skill,whichwasadelighttowitness,she_7_lituptheroom.ShewasAfricanAmerican,tenyearsoldandsheworethemoreendearing(討人喜歡的)bigrimmedglasses.Attheendofclass,Ihadtoaskher,”how_8_haveyoubeentakinglessons?Shereplied_9_,”Iwish…Ihavenevertakenaclass.”Iwas_10_.Herteachertoldmeshe_11_inagrouphome,andthenandthereIknew_12_Ifeldcalledtodo.IcalledFamilyServices,_13_herindancelessonsand_14_tobecomehermentortogiveherhelpandadvicerelatedtoherlessons,New,forthepastyearandahalf,Ihaveseenherevery_15_,takinghertoeat,toread,toseemovies,andtovisitstreetfairs.Atonetimeshetoldme“_16_everwantedme;therewasalwayssomethingunpleasanthappeningtome,butIjustcouldtonothingtopreventitsincemy_17_.”Icouldonlyreply,“honey,youarelovable,worthyandunique.Youare_18_withme,andIamnotgoinganywhere!”weboth_19_.Ireallylovethislovelykid.Ihada_20_childhood,andIwanttopayitforward.1.A.headB.HeartC.BrainsD.Mind2.A.schoolsB.factoriesC.organizationsD.companies3.A.singingB.danceC.filmD.television4.A.helpingB.teachingC.volunteeringD.learning5.A.caughtB.tookC.HeldD.got6.A.simpleB.naturalC.practicalD.remarkable7.A.onlyB.QuicklyC.brightlyD.Simply8.A.longB.muchC.farD.well9.A.roughlyB.shylyC.excitedlyD.calmly10.A.disappointedB.worriedC.angryD.speechless11.A.livedB.workedC.studiedD.stayed12.A.howB.whenC.whatD.where13.A.taughtB.watchedC.helpedD.started14.A.trainedB.promisedC.recommendedD.completed15.A.weekB.yearC.monthD.day16.A.everyoneB.nooneC.someoneD.anyone17.A.childhoodB.kindgartenC.birthD.adolescence18.A.satisfiedB.concernedC.caughtD.stuck19.A.criedB.greetedC.laughedD.sighed20.A.longB.greatC.dreamD.terrible【詞匯記憶】1.accelerate/?k'sel?re?t/vt.加速,促進2.absolute/'?bs?lu:t/a/?/.絕對的,無條件的；完全的3.liberal/'l?b?r?l/a/?/.慷慨的；豐富的；自由的4.transport/tr?ns'p?:t/vt.運輸,運送n/en/.運輸,運輸工具5.mild/ma?ld/a/?/.溫暖的,暖和的；溫柔的,味淡的6.tender/'tend?/a/?/.溫柔的；脆弱的7.nuisance/'nju:sns/n/en/.損害,妨害,討厭（的人或事物）8.tide/ta?d/n/en/.潮汐；潮流9.export/'eksp?:t/n/en/.出口（物）v/vi:/.出口,輸出10.import/?m'p?:t/n/en/.進口（物）v/vi:/.進口,輸入11.impose/?m'p??z/vt.把...加強(on/?n/)；采用,利用12.religion/r?'l?d??n/n/en/.宗教,宗教信仰13.burst/b\:st/vi./n.突然發(fā)生,爆裂14.dispose/d?s'p??z/vi.除掉；處置；解決；處理(of/?v/)15.blast/blɑ:st/n/en/.爆炸；氣流vi.炸,炸掉16.consume/k?n'sju:m/v/vi:/.消耗,耗盡17.split/spl?t/v/vi:/.劈開；割裂；分裂a/?/.裂開的18.spit/sp?t/v/vi:/.吐（唾液等）；唾棄19.spill/sp?l/v/vi:/.溢出,濺出,倒出20.extinct/?ks't??kt/a/?/.絕滅的,熄滅的slide/sla?d/v/vi:/.滑動,滑落n/en/.滑動；滑面；幻燈片21.breed/bri:d/n/en/.種,品種v/vi:/.繁殖,產(chǎn)仔22.budget/'b?d??t/n/en/.預算v/vi:/.編預算,作安排23.candidate/'k?nd?d?t/n/en/.候選人24.campus/'k?mp?s/n/en/.校園25.transform/tr?ns'f?:m/v/vi:/.轉(zhuǎn)變,變革；變換26.transmit/tr?nz'm?t/v/vi:/.傳播,播送；傳遞27.transplant/tr?ns'plɑ:nt/v/vi:/.移植28.shift/??ft/v/vi:/.轉(zhuǎn)移；轉(zhuǎn)動；轉(zhuǎn)變29.vary/'ve?r?/v/vi:/.變化,改變；使多樣化30.vanish/'v?n??/vi.消滅,不見31.swallow/'sw?l??/v/vi:/.吞下,咽下n/en/.燕子32.suspicion/s?s'p???n/n/en/.懷疑,疑心33.suspicious/s?s'p???s/a/?/.懷疑的,可疑的34.boundary/'ba?nd?r?/n/en/.分界線,邊界35.catalog/'k?t?l?ɡ/n/en/.目錄（冊）v/vi:/.編目36.vague/ve?ɡ/a/?/.模糊的,不明確的37.vain/ve?n/n/en/.徒勞,白費38.extraordinary/?ks'tr?:dnr?/a/?/.不平常的,特別的,非凡的39.agent/'e?d??nt/n/en/.代理人,代理商；動因,原因40.alcohol/'?lk?h?l/n/en/.含酒精的飲料,酒精【文段背誦】1.Itgoeswithoutsayingthat+句子=Itisobviousthat句子=Obviously,S.+V.不用說，很明顯Itgoeswithoutsayingthateveryoneshouldkeepabalanceddietforthebenefitofhealth.不用說，為了健康，每個人都應(yīng)該保持平衡的膳食。2.Iamgreatlyconvinced(that)句子….我深信…Iamgreatlyconvincedthatwecanimproveourwritingifweinsistonrecitingsomeusefulsentences.我深信，只要我們堅持每天背一些有用的句子,我們就可以提高我們的英語寫作。3.Itcanbeeasilyproved(that)句子…很容易證明….Itcanbeeasilyprovedthatnothingismorepreciousthantime.4.Thereisnodoubt(that)句子…毫無疑問地?毫無疑問，近視在我國的年輕人中是一個嚴重的問題。Thereisnodoubtthatnearsightednessisaseriousproblemamongtheyouthofourcountry.5.Accordingtomypersonalexperience,…根據(jù)我個人經(jīng)驗?…Accordingtomypersonalexperience,smilehasdonemealotofgood.Accordingtomypersonalexperience,friendsbringmenotonlytrust,understanding,butalsowarmth.6.Take…forexample,…拿…做例子Takemysisterforexample,shestayedinGermanandnowshecanspeakGermanyfluently.7.Asapopularsayinggoes,“….”俗話說得好….Asapopularsayinggoes,“Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.”俗話說，事實勝于雄辯。8.AsfarasIamconcerned,…..就我而言，在我看來AsfarasIamconcerned,kids’lyingisanaturalandnormalbehavior.在我看來，孩子撒謊是一種自然，正常的行為。9.Asforme/Personallyspeaking,…在我看來就我來說，我喜歡住在鄉(xiāng)下。因為我可以呼吸到新鮮的空氣，這對我們的健康很有好處。Asforme,Iprefertoliveinthecountryside,becauseIcanbreathefreshair,whichisbeneficialtoourhealth/fromwhichwebenefitalot/whichbenefitsusalot.10.Asforsth/doingsth,至于…./Whenitcomestosth……當談到、涉及到…..Asforadvertisements,manyconsumers/costumersaren’tsatisfiedwiththemandthinkmostofthemareuntruthful.至于廣告，許多消費者對它們表示不滿，認為它們大多數(shù)是不真實的。當談到青少年出國留學的問題，許多家長認為孩子們可以有更多的機會接受到良好的教育。Whenitcomestotheproblemofteenagersstudyingabroad,manyparentsthinktheirchildrencanhavemorechancestoreceivebettereducation.【課后強化鞏固練習】語法填空題目練習Youmaywonderwhywehaveaholidayinsummer___1___winter,butnotinspring___2___autumn.Therearesomereasons__3__it.Likemostpeople,yourintelligence（智力）changesfromseasontoseason.Youareproperlyalotsharperinthespring____4_youare___5___anyothertimeoftheyear.EllsworthHuntington,who’swellknowntousallconcludedfromothermen’sworkandhisownamongpeopleindifferentclimatesthatclimateandtemperaturehaveacleareffect__6___ourintelligence.Hefoundthatcoolweatherisfarbetterforcreativethinkingthanwarmweather.This___7___meanthatallpeoplearenot__8___quickatlearninginthesummerasthey___9___duringtherestoftheyear.Ittellsus,__10__,thatintelligenceoflargenumbersofpeopleseemstobelowestinthesummer.完形填空題目練習Itisnotsomuchwhathappenstoeachofusthatdeterminesourqualityoflife,butratherourreactiontowhathappens.Thoughwemayhaveno36inunexpectedeventsthathappentous,wemostcertainlyhavechoicein37weinterpretwhathappens,andinwhatwechoosetodoaboutit.Thesechoicesmakeallthe38inhowweexperienceourworldandverymuchdetermineour39Neitherdoeswhatweown40amajorroleinqualityoflife.Onepersonwithallthemoneyandpossessionsintheworldmayhavea41life,whileanotherinthelowestincomeclassesmay42lovetheirlife.Itiswhatwedowithwhatweownthat43ourlevelofsatisfactionandjoyinlife.It'snotwhatyou44orwhathappenstoyouinlifethat45,butratherwhatyoudowithit。Every46somethingishappeninginourlives.Andeverymomentwe47orajudgmentaboutwhathappens.Bychoosingtobecomemore48ofhowwereacttowhathappens,wecan49towardswhatwereallywantinourlives.50followinghabitual,reactivepatternswhich51moreofthesame,wecanrecognizeand52ouroldhabitstomovepowerfullyinthe53ofcreatingthelifewereallywant.Yettodothis,wemustfirstfindthe54tolookatsomeofthedisempowering,oftenunconscious55whichgetinthewayanddon'tservetoincreaseourqualityoflife.Butbycontinuallyremindingourselvesofourintentiontobecreators,wecantransformourlife。36．A．need B．courage C．choice D．necessity37．A．what B．whether C．that D．how38．A．difference B．troubles C．decisions D．measures39．A．type B．quality C．a(chǎn)mount D．level40．A．take B．play C．make D．get41．A．miserable B．a(chǎn)ccessible C．a(chǎn)cceptable D．a(chǎn)daptable42．A．practically B．privately C．a(chǎn)bsolutely D．a(chǎn)dequately43．A．creates B．investigates C．a(chǎn)ffects D．