英語語法短語及習(xí)題

形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級【語法精講】一、構(gòu)成規(guī)則(一)形容詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則1.一般情況加-er,-esttall→taller→tallestgreat→greater→greatest2.以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞加-r,-stlarge→larger→largestnice→nicer→nicest3.在重讀閉音節(jié)(即:輔音+元音+輔音)中,先雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加-er,-estbig→bigger→biggesthot→hotter→hottest4.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,把y變i,再加-er,-esteasy→easier→easiestheavy→heavier→heaviest5.其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞,加more,mostbeautiful→morebeautiful→mostbeautifuldifferent→moredifferent→mostdifferent注意:最高級前要加the,不加表示“非?！?amostimportantmeeting一個非常重要的會議(二)副詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則1.大多數(shù)以ly結(jié)尾的副詞前加more和most來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。easily→moreeasily→mosteasily2.少數(shù)單音節(jié)副詞,加-er,-est構(gòu)成其比較級和最高級。二、用法(一)原級的用法1.“甲+be(+倍數(shù))+as+形容詞原級+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙??的幾倍”。TomisasoldasKate.湯姆和凱特年齡一樣大。TomistwiceasoldasKate.湯姆的年齡是凱特的兩倍。2.“甲+be+not+as/so+形容詞原級+as+乙”表示“甲不如乙??”。Thisroomisnotas/sobigasthatone.這個房間不如那個大。3.“甲+實意動詞(+倍數(shù))+as+副詞原級+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙??的幾倍”。TomrunsasfastasMike.湯姆和邁克跑得一樣快。TomrunstwiceasfastasMike.湯姆跑的速度是邁克的兩倍。4.“甲+助動詞+not+動詞原形+as/so+副詞原級+as+乙”表示“甲不如乙??”。Hedoesn’twalkasslowlyasyou.他走路不像你那樣慢。(二)比較級的用法1.“甲+be(+倍數(shù))+形容詞比較級+than+乙”表示“甲比乙??”或“甲比乙??幾倍”。LessonOneismucheasierthanLessonTwo.第一課比第二課容易得多。Tomlooksevenyoungerthanbefore.湯姆甚至比以前看起來更年輕。Thisroomisthreetimesbiggerthanthatone.這個房間比那個大三倍。2.“甲+be+形容詞比較級+than+anyother+單數(shù)名詞+介詞短語”表示“甲比同一范圍的任何一個人/物都??”,含義是“甲在同一范圍中最??”。TheYangtzeRiverislongerthananyotherriverinChina.長江比中國的任何一條其他的河都長。3.“甲+be+the+形容詞比較級+ofthetwo(...)”表示“甲是兩者中較??的”。Mybrotheristhetallerofthetwo.我的哥哥是那兩個中較高的那個。4.“比較級+and+比較級”表示“越來越??”。Heisgettingtallerandtaller.他長得越來越高。5.the+比較級,the+比較級”表示“越??,就越??”。Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyou’llmake.你越認(rèn)真,犯的錯誤就越少6.“特殊疑問詞+be+形容詞比較級,甲or乙?”Whichisbigger,theearthorthemoon?地球和月亮,哪個更大?7.“甲+實意動詞(+倍數(shù))+副詞比較級+than+乙”表示“甲比乙??”或“甲比乙??幾倍”。Igotupearlierthanmymotherthismorning.我今天早晨起床比我媽還早。8.“特殊疑問詞+實意動詞+副詞比較級,甲or乙?”Whodrawsbetter,JennyorDanny?誰畫得比較好,珍妮還是丹尼?(三)最高級常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)1.“主語+be+the+形容詞最高級(+單數(shù)名詞)+in/of短語”表示“??是??中最??的”。Tomisthetallestinhisclass./ofallthestudents.湯姆是他班里/所有學(xué)生當(dāng)中最高的。2.“主語+be+oneofthe+形容詞最高級+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+in/of短語”表示“??是??中最??之一”。BeijingisoneofthelargestcitiesinChina.北京是中國最大城市之一。3.“特殊疑問詞+be+the+形容詞最高級+甲,乙,or丙?”用于三者以上的比較。Whichcountryisthelargest,China,BrazilorCanada?中國、巴西和加拿大,哪個國家最大?4.“主語+實意動詞(+the)+副詞最高級+in/of短語”表示“??是??中最??的”。Ijump(the)farthestinmyclass.我是我班里跳得最遠(yuǎn)的。【語法巧練】Ⅰ單項選擇1.Thisbookis-----thatone,but------thanthatone.A.asdifficultas;expensiveB.asmoredifficultas;moreexpensiveC.asdifficultas;moreexpensiveD.moredifficultas;asexpensive2.Whenspringcomes,itgets-----A.warmandwarmB.colderandcolderC.warmerandwarmerD.shorterandshorter3.Theearthisabout-------asthemoon.A.asfiftytimebigB.fiftytimesasbigC.asbigfiftytimesD.fiftyastimesbig4.Thesechildrenare------thisyearthantheywerelastyear.A.moretallB.moretallerC.verytallerD.muchtaller5.NewYorkisoneof------intheworld.A.thelargestcityB.thelargecitiesC.thelargercitiesD.thelargestcitiesⅡ句型轉(zhuǎn)換6.Thecaptainisthehappiestofalltheplayers.(改為同義句)Thecaptainis------------------------------anyotherplayer.7.Thisdictionaryisasgoodasthatone.(改為否定句)Thisdictionary--------good-----------thatone.8.Tomis150cmtall.Mikeis150cmtall,too.(改為同義句)Tomis----------------Mike.9.Moreandmorepeoplebegintoloveinterestingtravel.(改為同義句)Interestingtravelisbecoming------------and-----------------.10.Russiaisthelargestcountryintheworld.(對畫線部分提問)------isthelargestintheworld?Ⅲ.完成句子11.你游泳沒有你弟弟好。Youcan’tswim----------------yourbrother.12.今天比昨天冷得多。Itis-------------todaythanitwasyesterday.13.她的身體狀況一天天好起來。Heisgetting----------------everyday.15.英語是世界上最重要的語言之一。Englishisoneof---------------languagesintheworld.過去進行時【語法精講】過去進行時表示過去某一時刻或者某段時間正在進行或發(fā)生的動作,常和表過去的時間狀語連用,如:Iwasdoingmyhomeworkatthistimeyesterday.昨天的這個時候我正在做作業(yè)。Theywerewaitingforyouyesterday.他們昨天一直在等你。一、過去進行時的構(gòu)成:肯定形式:主語+was/were+v.-ing否定形式:主語+wasnot(wasn’t)/werenot(weren’t)+v.-ing一般疑問句形式:Was/Were+主語+v.-ing。二.過去進行時的基本用法:1.過去進行時表示過去某一段時間或某一時刻正在進行的動作。常與之連用的時間狀語(從句)有:atthattime/moment,(at)thistimeyesterday(lastnight/Sunday/week...),at+點鐘+yesterday(lastnight/Sunday...),whensb.didsth.等,如:Whatwereyoudoingatsevenlastnight?昨天晚上七點你在干什么?Iwascookingwhensheknockedatthedoor.她敲門時我正在做飯。2.when后通常用短暫性動詞,while后通常用持續(xù)性動詞,因此它所引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中,謂語動詞常用進行時態(tài),如:Whenitrained,Iwaswalkingonthestreet.=WhileIwaswalkingonthestreet,itrained.我正在街上走時,突然下起雨來了。3.when用作并列連詞時,主句常用進行時態(tài),從句則用一般過去時,表示“主句動作發(fā)生的過程中,另一個意想不到的動作發(fā)生了”。如:Iwaswalkinginthestreetwhensomeonecalledme.我正在街上走時突然有人喊我。Wewereplayingoutsidewhenitbegantorain.我們正在外邊玩,這時下起雨來了?！菊Z法巧練】單項選擇1.I------------amealwhenyoume.A.cooked;wereringingB.wascooking;rangC.wascooking;wereringingD.cooked;rang2.They-----------afootballgamefrom7to9lastnight.A.werewatchingB.watchC.watchedD.arewatching3.Whatbook----you-----whenI------youatfouryesterdayafternoon?A.did;read;wasseeingB.did;read;sawC.were;reading;sawD.were;reading;wasseeing4.ItwasFridayevening.Mr.andMrs.Green-------------readytoflytoEngland.A.weregettingB.getC.aregettingD.got5.We--------forTomattenlastSunday.Heoftenkeptus.A.waited;waitB.werewaiting;waitC.waited;waitingD.werewaiting;waitingⅡ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空6.Whilemotherwas------------(do)somewashing,Iwas------------(make)akiteforKate.7.ThistimeyesterdayJack’sfatherwas----------------(wash)hiscar.8.Iwas-----------------(telephone)afriendwhenBob--------------(come)in.9.Whenheknockedatthedoor,myauntwas---------------(cook)dinner.10.Thestudentswere-------------(sing)and-------------------(dance)happilyontheplaygroundatthattime.Ⅲ句型轉(zhuǎn)換11.Thegirlwasshoppingwhenshemetheroldfriend.(改為同義句)-----------------------------------------,shemetheroldfriend.12.TheywereworkingwhenIgotthere.(對畫線部分提問)---------------------------------------------whenIgotthere?13.WewerewatchingTVateightlastnight.(改為否定句)We-------------------------------------------TVateightlastnight.14.Sherodeherbiketoschooljustnow.(用at4:00yesterday改寫句子)She------------------------------------herbiketoschoolat4:00yesterday.15.WewereshoppingatthistimelastSunday.(對畫線部分提問)-----------------------------youshopping?1.—Ourschoolbuswillleaveat8o’clocktomorrow.Don’tbelate.—OK.Iwillbetheretenminutes---------.(2013安徽)A.soonerB.slowerC.fasterD.earlier2.Debbieisgrowingfast.Sheiseven---------thanhermother.(2013北京)A.tallB.tallerC.tallestD.thetallest3.—Whichseasondoyoulike----------,summerorwinter?(2013長沙)—Summer.A.wellB.bestC.better4.AttheBeijingOlympics,Boltbrokethe100-meterand200-recordsandbecamethemanintheworld.(2013德州)A.fastestB.heaviestC.tallestD.slowest5.It’smuchtohaveasmalllovelyroomthanabigcoldone.(2013杭州)A.goodB.wellC.betterD.best狀語從句【語法精講】狀語從句含義及分類:狀語從句用來修飾主句中的動詞、副詞和形容詞的從句叫狀語從句。根據(jù)其含義狀語從句可分為時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、原因狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、比較狀語從句、目的狀語從句、讓步狀語從句。1.時間狀語從句時間狀語從句常用when,as,while,before,after,since,not...until,assoonas,whenever等連詞來引導(dǎo)。ItwasraininghardwhenIgottoschoolyesterday.昨天我達到學(xué)校時,正下著大雨。Whilehewasdoinghishomework,thetelephonerang.他做作業(yè)時,電話響了。Ashewalkedalong(沿著??走)thelake,hesanghappily.他一邊沿著湖散步,一邊高興地唱歌。2.原因狀語從句原因狀語從句通常由because,since,as引導(dǎo)。Sinceyoucan’tanswerthequestion,I’llasksomeoneelse.既然你不能回答這個問題,那我問其他人了。Asitisraining,weshallnotgotothezoo.由于下雨,我們不去動物園了。Hedidn’tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.他因為病了,所以沒來上學(xué)。3.結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句由so...that,such...that,so(that)引導(dǎo)。Heissopoorthathecan’tbuyabikeforhisson.他太窮了,不能為他的兒子買自行車。Sheissuchagoodteacherthateverybodylikesher.她是如此好的一名教師,每個人都喜歡她。Mypencilfellunderthedesk,so(that)Icouldn’tseeit.我的鉛筆掉到課桌下面了,以至于看不見了。4.條件狀語從句條件狀語從句通常由if,unless引導(dǎo)。Whatshallwedoifitsnowstomorrow?如果明天下雪我們該做什么?Don’tleavethebuildingunlessItellyouto.不要離開這座樓,除非我告訴你離開。5.比較狀語從句常用as(so)...as,than引導(dǎo)。JimrunsfasterthanTom.Jim比Tom跑得快。Thisriverisalmostaslongasthatriver.這條河和那條河幾乎一樣長。6.讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句通常由although,though等連詞引導(dǎo)。Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.雖然他很小,但知道很多。AlthoughIamtired,Imustgoonworking.雖然我很累,但我必須繼續(xù)工作。7.目的狀語從句由so(that),inorderthat引導(dǎo)。Westartedearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain.我們很早就出發(fā),目的是趕上第一班火車。Weusethecomputerinorderthatwemaysavetime.我們用電腦是為了節(jié)省時間。We’llsitnearthefrontsowecanhearthespeakerbetter.我們會坐在前面,為的是能聽得更好。【語法巧練】Ⅰ.單項選擇1.----------therainstops,we’llsetoffforthestation.A.BeforeB.UnlessC.AssoonasD.Though2.Youwillbeabletogetgoodmarks------------------------.A.whileyouaredoingyourhomeworkbyyourselfB.ifyoudosomerevisioneverydayC.beforeyoubegintostudyhardD.untilyoufollowyourteachers’advice3.Wedidn’tgohome----------wefinishedthework.A.sinceB.untilC.becauseD.though4.Speaktohimslowly----------hemayunderstandyoubetter.A.sinceB.sothatC.forD.because5.Suzhouisnot-------------beautiful------------Hangzhou.A.as;thanB.so;asC.even;thanD./;thanⅡ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換6.Sheissuchakindwomanthatwealllikeher.(改為同義句)Sheis-------------kind---------------wealllikeher.7.Hedidn’tgotothezoobecausehehadtolookafterhissister.(改為同義句)Hehadtolookafterhissister---------------hedidn’tgotothezoo.8.Theykeptontalkinguntiltheteachercamein.(改為同義句)Theystoptalkingtheteachercamein.9.Thinkover,andyou’llworkouttheproblem.(改為同義句)--------------thinkover,you’llworkouttheproblem.10.Mikeisnotastallashisbrother.(改為同義句)Mike’sbrotheris-----------------------Mike.Ⅲ.完成句子11.布魯斯太太對學(xué)生非常親切,以至于學(xué)生把她當(dāng)作母親。Mrs.Brucewas--------kindtoher-------theylookedherastheirmother.12.你一到上海就給我打個電話好?Willyoupleasecallme----------yougettoShanghai.13.這個七歲的女孩酷愛鋼琴,以至于她已經(jīng)堅持練習(xí)兩年了。Theseven-year-oldgirllikesplayingthepiano-------much--------------shehaskeptpracticingfortwoyears.14.雖然她很忙,她還堅持自學(xué)英語。--------------------shewasverybusy,shekeptonlearningEnglishbyherself.15.他長大后想當(dāng)一名記者。Hewantstobeajournalist----------he-----------up.1.Theriverswillbecomedirtieranddirtier--------------wetakeactiontoprotectthem.(2013安徽)A.sinceB.ifC.untilD.unless2.Ithinkhe’sbeendrinking,---------------I’mnotcompletelysure.(2013杭州)A.ifB.thoughC.untilD.as3.Kate’sdadisgettingold.Shewillgobackhometoseehim------------itisconvenient.(2013江西)A.becauseB.wheneverC.althoughD.unless4.Ihatetravellingbyair----------------youusuallyhavetowaitforhoursbeforetheplanetakesoff.(2013上海)A.becauseB.thoughC.untilD.unless5.PeterspeaksChinesewellindeed,butofcoursenot-------------alocalspeakerinChina.(2013蘇州)A.sofluentlyasB.morefluentthanC.asfluentasD.muchfluentlythan1.fewerpeople更少的人（fewer修飾名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示否定）2.lessfreetime更少的空閑時間（less修飾不可數(shù)名詞，表示否定）3.intenyears10年后（in的時間短語用于將來時，提問用Howsoon）4.fallinlovewith…愛上……例：WhenImetMr.Xuforthefirsttime,Ifellinlovewithhimatonce.當(dāng)我第一次見到許老師，我立刻愛上他。5.livealone單獨居住6.feellonely感到孤獨（比較：livealone/goalone等）Thegirlwalkedalonealongthestreet,butshedidn'tfeellonely.那女孩獨自沿著街道走，但她并不感到孤獨。7.keep/feedapetpig養(yǎng)一頭寵物豬8.flytothemoon飛上月球9.hundredsof+復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)百/幾百（概數(shù)，類似還有thousandsof;millionsof）10.thesameas和……相