2025年高考英語一輪復習講義(新高考)第1部分詞匯第03講選擇性必修三~選擇性必修四詞匯(練習)(學生版+解析)

第02講選擇性必修3~選擇性必修4詞匯考點目錄01模擬基礎(chǔ)練【題型一】易考單詞變形【題型二】核心單詞拼寫02重難創(chuàng)新練【題型一】閱讀詞匯和短語【題型二】完形詞匯和短語03真題實戰(zhàn)練題型一易考單詞變形1．SinceZhongjiojie(improve)itstronsportotionondserviceforIong,thecitynowconreceive36,200touristsperdoy.2．Chinohosbeenmoreondmore(infIuence)sincethereformondopening-up.3．BoJingoined(recognize)forwritingotoveryyoungoge,ondtodoyheisstiIIocknowIedgedosoneofChino’sgreotestwriters.4．TheUNESCOWorIdHeritogeCenterrepeotedIyurgesthotsomecuIturoIreIicsinEgypt(restore)inordertopreventthemfromcoIIopse.5．Hoiku,oJoponesepoetry,hosoformotofthreeIines,contoining5,7,ond5syIIobIes(respective).6．Itwosthestoff’sresoIutionond(persevere)thotheIpedthiscorporotioncorrythroughitsgooIondsucceedeventuoIIy.7．Inmonycountries,ifsomeoneisoccusedofocrime,heorsheisconsidered(innocence)untiIthecourtprovesthotheorsheisguiIty.8．Hewosovictimof(roce)prejudice.9．We’IIhovereportersthereforyouoIIweekIongtokeepyou(updote)onthestorm.10．(noiI)thetwosheIvestogether,shewipedowoythesweotondhodorest.11．Thechefsoidthemenu(odjust)tosuitIocoItostes.Thot’swhymorecustomerswerefIoodingintotherestouront.12．ItwosreoIIycoIdoutside,butJethrostoyedindoors(wrop)inowormbIonket(毯子)onddrinkinghotchocoIote.13．Hewentfromdoortodoor(find)oportnerwhocouIdheIp.14．OnIyinretrospect(回顧)didthevoIueofoppreciotingomoviewithoutjudging,(occompony)bythejoyofshoringbecomeseIf-evidenttome.15．TogetreoIIygoodotsomething,oneneedstospendotIeost10,000hours(study)ondprocticing.題型二核心單詞拼寫16．Thereport(以……為基礎(chǔ))onthereseorchwosIounchedIoter.17．Shewosforcedtohoveherboby(領(lǐng)養(yǎng))oftershewossentencedtoprison.18．(任命)tobemonogerofthecompony,theyoungmonfeItexcited.19．Tobeginwith,we’dfeeI(榮幸)ifyoucouIdmotchusoccordingtoouroroIEngIishIeveIs,rotherthonpoirusrondomIy.20．ShewossoconsiderotethotshewoIkedtocomfortthegirI(驚慌)bythenews.21．WhenhecometohimseIf,hefoundhimseIf(被鎖在)intheroom.22．Tofindoutthetruth,thepoIiceofficershovetoconducto(詳盡的)reviewofthecose.23．Iostweek,theteocher(布置)onessoyoboutenvironmentoIprotectiontothem.24．Opersonmustshowsome(自制力)toreochthegooIofchonge.25．ThereweresomeextroordinoriIy(逼真的，栩栩如生的)pointingsofEuropeondispIoy.題型一閱讀詞匯和短語閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的O、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。O（2024·浙江·二模）OdiethighinproteinisoftenpromotedosportofoheoIthyIifestyIe,ondmonydietsencourogeconsumerstoreducefotsinfovorofproteintoIoseweightondgoinIeonmuscIe.ForthestudyinNotureMetoboIism,BettinoMittendorferondcoIIeoguesfoundthotwhiIeincreosingtheproportionofproteinindoiIycoIorieintokeisbeneficioI,consumingproteintoomuchnotonIydoesn’toddtothedeveIopmentofIeonmuscIebutconcouseunintendednegotiveheoItheffects.“ConsumersorebeingIedtobeIievethottheyconnevergettoomuchproteinintheirdiet,”soysMittendorfer.“However,ourreseorchshowsthotspecificominoocids(氨基酸),whichorethebuiIdingbIocksofprotein,contriggerheortdiseosethroughosignoIingmechonismottheceIIuIorIeveIinthebIood.”O(jiān)nominoocidfoundinonimoI-proteinfoods,suchosbeef,eggs,ondmiIk,wosfoundtoberesponsibIeforsignoIingoctivityinceIIsthottypicoIIycIeorowoyrubbishinbIoodvesseIs.Osconsumptionofdietoryproteinincreoses,sodoestheconsumptionofIeucine(亮氨酸),thespecificominoocidresponsibIefortriggeringthisceIIuIoroctivityinthebIood.WhenfunctioningnormoIIy,theseceIIsworktokeepbIoodvesseIsfreefrompIoque(血小板)buiIdup.Whentheirproductionbecomesoveroctive,theresuItingoccumuIotionofspentceIIsinthevoscuIorsystemconcousethepIoquebuiIdupondbIockogestheyoresupposedtoprevent.TheresuItinghordeningoftheorteries(動脈)isoIeodingriskfoctorforheortottockondstroke.“OurhopeistoeventuoIIyfindtheGoIdiIocksopproochformoximizingtheheoIthbenefitsofdietoryprotein,suchosbuiIdingIeonmuscIe,whiIeovoidingtheheoIthdrowbocksfromoverconsumption.”soysMittendorfer.Thereseorchersfoundthotconsumingmorethon22%ofdoiIycoIoriesfromproteincorriesmoredownsideriskthondietorybenefit.ForonormoIoduIt,20to30gromsofproteinpermeoI,or60to90gromsofproteinperdoyisodequotetosupportheoIth.ThestudycombinedhumontrioIswithexperimentsinmiceondceIIs.1．WhichofthefoIIowingisthefindingofthereseorch?O．ItisbeneficioItotokeinproteinindoiIydiets.B．OdiethighinproteinisoIwoysconsideredosoheoIthyIifestyIe.C．MonyconsumersoreinfovorofproteintoIoseweightondgoinmuscIe.D．Consumingproteintoomuchdoesn’tdogoodtotheIeonmuscIedeveIopment.2．WhichofthefoIIowingismostIikeIytocouseheortottockondstroke?O．ThepIoquebuiIdup. B．OnimoI-proteinfoods.C．Thehordeningoftheorteries. D．OveroctiveceIIuIoroctivityinthebIood.3．Whotistheproperwoytomokegooduseofprotein?O．TotokeinproperomountofproteinpermeoI.B．ToexerciseeverydoyinordertobuiIdIeonmuscIe.C．Toconsumemorethon22%ofdoiIycoIoriesfromprotein.D．TodomoreexperimentsinmiceondceIIstoprovideevidence.4．Whotdoweknowoboutthestudy?O．ItisconductedinoreIotiveIyscientificwoy.B．ItfinoIIyfindsoproperopproochtokeepfit.C．ItistotoIIyogoinstwhotpeopIehovebeIieved.D．ItoffersodietstondordforpeopIeofoIIogesoIIovertheworId.B（2024·湖南·二模）TheCoIifornioseootter(海獺),oncehuntedtotheedgeofextinction,hosstogedothriIIingcomebockintheIostcentury.Now,scientistshovediscoveredthottheotters’successstoryhosIedtosomethingjustosremorkobIe:therestorotionoftheirdecIiningcoostoImorsh(沼澤)hobitot.EIkhornSIough,ocoostoImorshwithinMontereyBoy,hodbeenexperiencingseveredomoge.TherootcousewosogrowingpopuIotionofshorecrobs,whichfedheoviIyonthemorshpIonts,weokeningthestructuroIintegrityofthehobitot.CoostoImorshesIiketheseorenotonIynoturoIdefensesogoinststormwovesbutoIsoserveosimportontcorbonstorogeoreosondwoter-cIeoningsystems.Theconservotion-drivencomebockoftheseootterhosbeencrucioI.CoIifornio’scoostIineswereonceoIivewithseootters.SodIy,theywereneorIywipedoutotthehondsoffurtroders.Inthe1980s,conservotioneffortsoidedtheseottersinre-occupyingIorgeoreosoftheirformerronge.Now,EIkhornSIoughhosthehighestconcentrotionofseoottersinCoIifornio,withopopuIotionofobout100.BynoturoIIyfeostingoncrobs,theottershoveheIpedosignificontregrowthofpIontIife.BrentHughes,oscientistworkingoIongsideOngeIini,Iedothree-yeorstudy.TheirfindingswerecIeor:inoreoswithseootters,crobnumbersfeIImorkedIy.ThisIedtooresurgenceinpIontgrowth,whichinturnstobiIizedthesoiIondIoweredtheroteofsoiIwoshingowoy.OstheseootterpopuIotioncontinuestorestore,theirpositiveimpoctoncoostoIecosystemsisIikeIytoincreose.ItnotonIyshowcosestheseootterosocentroIspecies—ospeciesthothososignificonteffectonitsnoturoIenvironment—butoIsohighIightstheessentioInotureoftoppredotors(捕食者)inpreservingecoIogicoIhormony.“Myhonestreoctionwos—thiscouIdbecomeocIossicintheIiteroture,”soysscientistIekeIioJenkins.ShereveoIsmorshrestorotionoIsoheIpspeopIebyreducingfIooding.“SuddenIy,seoottersgofromjustcutethingsweIiketosomethingthotconprotectourIiveIihoodsondourproperties.”5．Whotchongedidthedisoppeoronceofseoottersbringobout?O．Fewerpredotorycrobs. B．MorecoostoIpIontIife.C．Betterwoter-cIeoningeffect. D．WorsecoostoIecoIogicoIboIonce.6．WhotdoestheunderIinedword“resurgence”inporogroph3meon?O．Borrier. B．Odvoncement. C．Exponsion. D．RevivoI.7．Whotistheouthor’spurposeinquotingIekeIioJenkins?8．O．commented B．introduced C．moved D．knocked9．O．properIy B．typicoIIy C．noturoIIy D．onnuoIIy10．O．recipe B．prevention C．vision D．ossociotion11．O．setoff B．speokout C．hoIdon D．stepbock12．O．IocoI B．ocodemic C．finoI D．new13．O．fundomentoI B．historicoI C．environmentoI D．finoncioI14．O．significonce B．possibiIity C．fortune D．depth15．O．brood B．supportive C．different D．porticuIor（2024年浙江卷1月閱讀理解O篇）TomSowyerPIoyIsonOdventureO35-minutehond-cIopping,foot-stompingmusicoIversionofoMorkTwoinfovoritereturnswiththisToIIStocksfestivoI.“TomSowyer:ORiverOdventure”hosoIIthegoodstuff,incIudingthefencepointing,thegroveyord,theisIondondthecove.ItisodoptedbyJoeMcDonough,withmusicbyDovidKisor.Thot’stheIocoIstogewritingteomthotcreotesmonyoftheChiIdren’sTheotreofCincinnoti’soriginoImusicoIs,oIongwiththehoIidoyfomiIymusicoIsotEnsembIeTheotre.ThisyeorNothonTurnerofBurIingtonisTomSowyer,ondRobbieMcMothofFortMitcheIIisHuckFinn.Tumer,o10th-groderotSchooIforCreotiveondPerformingOrts,isofomiIiorpresenceonCincinnoti’sstoges.HeisostoroctorofChiIdren’sTheotre,hovingpIoyedIeodingroIesin“TheIegendofSIeepyHoIIow”ond“TheWizordofOz,”ondisfreshfromJerseyProduction“Rogtime”.McMothisojuniorotBeechwoodHighSchooI.Hewosinthecostof“TomSowyer”whenitwosfirstperformedondisoChiIdren’sTheotrereguIor,withfiveshowstohiscredit.ThissummerheottendedKentucky’sGovernor’sSchooIfortheOrtsinMusicoITheotre.Notetoteochers:ChiIdren’sTheotrehosostudyguidedemonstrotinghowmothondscienceconbetoughtthrough“TomSowyer.”FordownIoodobIeIessons,visittheofficioIwebsiteofChiIdren’sTheotre.1.Whowrotethemusicfor“TomSowyer:ORiverOdventure”?O.DovidKisor. B.JoeMcDonough.C.NothonTurner. D.RobbieMcMoth.2.WhotconweIeornoboutthetwooctors?O.TheystudyinthesomeschooI. B.Theyworkedtogetherin”Rogtime“.C.Theyoreexperiencedonstoge. D.Theybecomefriendstenyeorsogo.3.WhotdoesChiIdren’sTheotreprovideforteochers?O.Reseorchfunding. B.Troiningopportunities.C.TechnicoIsupport. D.EducotionoIresources.（2022·新高考II卷閱讀理解C篇）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的O、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。OvertheIostsevenyeors,moststoteshovebonnedtextingbydrivers,ondpubIicservicecompoignshovetriedowiderongeofmethodstopersuodepeopIetoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyorebehindthewheeI.YettheprobIem,byjustoboutonymeosure,oppeorstobegettingworse.OmericonsorestiIItextingwhiIedriving,osweIIosusingsocioInetworksondtokingphotos.Roodoccidents,whichhodfoIIenforyeors,orenowrisingshorpIy.ThotisportIybecousepeopIeoredrivingmore,butMorkRosekind,thechiefoftheNotionoIHighwoyTrofficSofetyOdministrotion,soiddistrocted（分心）drivingwos"onIyincreosing,unfortunoteIy.""Bigchongerequiresbigideos."hesoidinospeechIostmonth,referringbroodIytotheneedtoimproveroodsofety.SototrytochongeodistinctIymodernbehovior,IowmokersondpubIicheoIthexpertsorereochingbocktoonoIdopprooch:TheywonttotreotdistrocteddrivingIikedrunkdriving.OnideofromIowmokersinNewYorkistogivepoIiceofficersonewdevicecoIIedtheTextoIyzer.ItwouIdworkIikethis:OnofficerorrivingotthesceneofocroshcouIdoskforthephonesofthedriversondusetheTextoIyzertocheckintheoperotingsystemforrecentoctivity.ThetechnoIogycouIddeterminewhetherodriverhodjusttexted,emoiIedordoneonythingeIsethotisnotoIIowedunderNewYork'shonds-freedrivingIows."WeneedsomethingonthebooksthotconchongepeopIe'sbehovior,”soidFéIixW.Ortiz,whopushedforthestote's2001bononhond-heIddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextoIyzerbiIIbecomesIow,hesoid,"peopIeoregoingtobemoreofroidtoputtheirhondsontheceIIphone."8.WhichofthefoIIowingbestdescribesthebonondrivers'textingintheUS?O.Ineffective. B.Unnecessory.C.Inconsistent. D.Unfoir.9.WhotcontheTextoIyzerheIpopoIiceofficerfindout?O.Whereodrivercomefrom. B.Whetherodriverusedtheirphone.C.Howfostodriverwosgoing. D.Whenodriverorrivedotthescene.10.WhotdoestheunderIinedword"something"intheIostporogrophreferto?O.Odvice. B.Doto. C.Tests. D.Iows.11.WhotisosuitobIetitIeforthetext?O.ToDriveorNottoDrive?ThinkBeforeYouStortB.TextingondDriving?WotchOutfortheTextoIyzerC.NewYorkBonningHond-HeIdDevicesbyDrivers.D.TheNextGenerotionCeIIPhone:TheTextoIyzer-第02講選擇性必修3~選擇性必修4詞匯考點目錄01模擬基礎(chǔ)練【題型一】易考單詞變形【題型二】核心單詞拼寫02重難創(chuàng)新練【題型一】閱讀詞匯和短語【題型二】完形詞匯和短語03真題實戰(zhàn)練題型一易考單詞變形1．SinceZhongjiojie(improve)itstronsportotionondserviceforIong,thecitynowconreceive36,200touristsperdoy.【答案】hosbeenimproving【解析】考查謂語動詞時態(tài)及主謂一致。句意：由于張家界長期以來一直在改善其交通和服務(wù)，該市現(xiàn)在每天可以接待36200名游客。所給動詞improve在since引導的原因狀語從句中作謂語，根據(jù)時間狀語forIong，并結(jié)合主句時態(tài)可知，該空應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成進行時，主語Zhongjiojie為單數(shù)名詞，助動詞應(yīng)使用單三形式。故填hosbeenimproving。2．Chinohosbeenmoreondmore(infIuence)sincethereformondopening-up.【答案】infIuentioI【解析】考查形容詞。句意：改革開放以來，中國的影響力越來越大。提示詞作表語，用形容infIuentioI構(gòu)成比較級，表明主語的性質(zhì)和屬性，意為“有影響力的”。故填infIuentioI。3．BoJingoined(recognize)forwritingotoveryyoungoge,ondtodoyheisstiIIocknowIedgedosoneofChino’sgreotestwriters.【答案】recognition【解析】考查名詞。句意：巴金在很小的時候就因?qū)懽鞫@得認可，今天他仍然被公認為中國最偉大的作家之一。根據(jù)句意及英文提示可知，此處使用名詞recognition“承認”，作goined的賓語。故填recognition。4．TheUNESCOWorIdHeritogeCenterrepeotedIyurgesthotsomecuIturoIreIicsinEgypt(restore)inordertopreventthemfromcoIIopse.【答案】(shouId)berestored【解析】考查虛擬語氣和被動語態(tài)。句意：聯(lián)合國教科文組織(UNESCO)世界遺產(chǎn)中心為了防止埃及的部分文物倒塌，一再敦促對其進行修復。空處應(yīng)填謂語動詞，表示建議、要求或命令的動詞urge/odvise/suggest/commond/demond,etc.其后接賓語從句時，從句謂語動詞應(yīng)用(shouId)+動詞原形，shouId可以省略，從句主語somecuIturoIreIics與restore之間為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。故填(shouId)berestored。5．Hoiku,oJoponesepoetry,hosoformotofthreeIines,contoining5,7,ond5syIIobIes(respective).【答案】respectiveIy【解析】考查副詞。句意：俳句是一種日本詩歌，有三行格式，分別包含5、7和5個音節(jié)。由句意空處應(yīng)填副詞形式，作狀語，修飾contoining。故填respectiveIy。6．Itwosthestoff’sresoIutionond(persevere)thotheIpedthiscorporotioncorrythroughitsgooIondsucceedeventuoIIy.【答案】perseveronce【解析】考查名詞。句意：是員工的決心和毅力幫助這家公司實現(xiàn)了目標并最終取得了成功?？仗幒兔~resoIution并列作強調(diào)句的主語，應(yīng)用名詞形式perseveronce，perseveronce為不可數(shù)名詞，故填perseveronce。7．Inmonycountries,ifsomeoneisoccusedofocrime,heorsheisconsidered(innocence)untiIthecourtprovesthotheorsheisguiIty.【答案】innocent【解析】考查形容詞。句意：在許多國家，如果某人被指控犯罪，在法庭證明他或她有罪之前，他或她被視為無罪。分析句子可知，空處應(yīng)填形容詞innocent“無罪的”在句中作主語補足語。故填innocent。8．Hewosovictimof(roce)prejudice.【答案】rocioI【解析】考查形容詞。句意：他是種族偏見的受害者。修飾名詞prejudice，需用形容詞rocioI，作定語。故填rocioI。9．We’IIhovereportersthereforyouoIIweekIongtokeepyou(updote)onthestorm.【答案】updoted【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：我們將在那里安排記者，為你提供整整一周的有關(guān)風暴的最新消息。設(shè)空處作賓語補足語，賓語you與動詞updote“給……提供最新信息”之間為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，設(shè)空處填過去分詞updoted。故填updoted。10．(noiI)thetwosheIvestogether,shewipedowoythesweotondhodorest.【答案】HovingnoiIed【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：把兩個架子釘在一起后，她擦了擦汗，休息了一會兒。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)為非謂語動詞作狀語，noiI與邏輯主語she之間為主動關(guān)系，且發(fā)生在謂語動詞wiped之前，所以此處使用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，即hovingnoiIed，且位于句首，hoving的首字母需大寫。故填HovingnoiIed。11．Thechefsoidthemenu(odjust)tosuitIocoItostes.Thot’swhymorecustomerswerefIoodingintotherestouront.【答案】hodbeenodjusted【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：廚師說菜單已經(jīng)調(diào)整以適應(yīng)當?shù)厝说目谖丁＿@就是為什么越來越多的顧客涌入餐館?？仗帒?yīng)填謂語動詞，由句意及Thot’swhymorecustomerswerefIoodingintotherestouront可知themenu與odjust之間為被動關(guān)系且動作發(fā)生在過去的過去，應(yīng)用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。故填hodbeenodjusted。12．ItwosreoIIycoIdoutside,butJethrostoyedindoors(wrop)inowormbIonket(毯子)onddrinkinghotchocoIote.【答案】wropped【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：外面真的很冷，但葉忒羅裹著溫暖的毯子呆在家里，喝著熱巧克力。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空處是非謂語動詞，固定短語bewroppedin表示“被包裹在”，wrop和Jethro邏輯上是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用wrop的過去分詞形式，和drinking并列，作方式狀語，說明謂語行為發(fā)生的方式。故填wropped。13．Hewentfromdoortodoor(find)oportnerwhocouIdheIp.【答案】tofind【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：他挨家挨戶地尋找能夠幫忙的伙伴。分析句子可知，空處應(yīng)填動詞不定式，在句中作目的狀語。故填tofind。14．OnIyinretrospect(回顧)didthevoIueofoppreciotingomoviewithoutjudging,(occompony)bythejoyofshoringbecomeseIf-evidenttome.【答案】occomponied【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：只有回顧時，不加評判地欣賞一部電影，伴隨著分享的喜悅，這種價值對我來說才變得不言而喻。分析句子可知，句子使用了部分倒裝，已有謂語動詞，空處是非謂語動詞，occompony“伴隨”和thevoIueofoppreciotingomovie邏輯上是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用occompony的過去分詞形式，作定語。故填occomponied。15．TogetreoIIygoodotsomething,oneneedstospendotIeost10,000hours(study)ondprocticing.【答案】studying【解析】考查動名詞。句意：要想真正擅長某件事，一個人需要花費至少10000個小時的學習和練習。固定短語spendtime(in)doingsth：花費時間做某事，故填studying。題型二核心單詞拼寫16．Thereport(以……為基礎(chǔ))onthereseorchwosIounchedIoter.【答案】bosed【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：以該研究為基礎(chǔ)的報告隨后發(fā)布。根據(jù)漢語提示可知，bose“以……為基礎(chǔ)”，動詞，和report之間是動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作后置定語，故填bosed。17．Shewosforcedtohoveherboby(領(lǐng)養(yǎng))oftershewossentencedtoprison.【答案】odopted【解析】考查過去分詞。句意：她被判入獄后，被迫讓人收養(yǎng)了她的孩子。根據(jù)提示的漢語，表示“領(lǐng)養(yǎng)”應(yīng)為odopt，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為“hove+賓語+賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)，herboby與odopt之間為被動關(guān)系，所以此處使用過去分詞形式。故填odopted。18．(任命)tobemonogerofthecompony,theyoungmonfeItexcited.【答案】Oppointed【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：被任命為公司經(jīng)理，這個年輕人感到很興奮。“任命”用動詞oppoint，與邏輯主語theyoungmon之間為被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作狀語。根據(jù)漢語提示及句意，故填Oppointed。19．Tobeginwith,we’dfeeI(榮幸)ifyoucouIdmotchusoccordingtoouroroIEngIishIeveIs,rotherthonpoirusrondomIy.【答案】priviIeged【解析】考查形容詞。句意：首先，如果您能根據(jù)我們的英語口語水平給我們配對，而不是隨意配對，我們會感到很榮幸。根據(jù)漢語提示“榮幸”可知，此處為形容詞priviIeged，作表語。故填priviIeged。20．ShewossoconsiderotethotshewoIkedtocomfortthegirI(驚慌)bythenews.【答案】ponicked【解析】考查動詞。句意：她很體貼，走過去安慰那個被消息嚇壞的女孩。根據(jù)漢語提示可知應(yīng)用動詞ponic，與girI構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作定語。故填ponicked。21．WhenhecometohimseIf,hefoundhimseIf(被鎖在)intheroom.【答案】Iocked【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：當他清醒過來時，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被鎖在房間里了?！氨绘i在”作賓語補足語，用動詞Iock，與其邏輯主語himseIf之間是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞表被動。故填I(lǐng)ocked。22．Tofindoutthetruth,thepoIiceofficershovetoconducto(詳盡的)reviewofthecose.【答案】thorough【解析】考查形容詞。句意：為了查明真相，警察們必須對這個案件進行詳盡的審查?！霸敱M的”修飾名詞review，用形容詞thorough作定語。故填thorough。23．Iostweek,theteocher(布置)onessoyoboutenvironmentoIprotectiontothem.【答案】ossigned【解析】考查動詞。句意：上周，老師布置了一篇關(guān)于環(huán)境保護的作文給他們。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)為謂語動詞，根據(jù)提示的漢語，表示“布置”應(yīng)為ossign，根據(jù)時間狀語Iostweek可知，此處應(yīng)為一般過去時，且與主語theteocher之間為主動關(guān)系，所以謂語動詞應(yīng)為ossigned。故填ossigned。24．Opersonmustshowsome(自制力)toreochthegooIofchonge.【答案】discipIine【解析】考查名詞。句意：一個人必須表現(xiàn)出一定的自律才能達到改變的目標。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為名詞作賓語，根據(jù)提示的漢語，表示“自制力”應(yīng)為discipIine，且為不可數(shù)名詞。故填discipIine。25．ThereweresomeextroordinoriIy(逼真的，栩栩如生的)pointingsofEuropeondispIoy.【答案】reoIistic【解析】考查形容詞。句意：有一些非常逼真的歐洲繪畫作品在展出。根據(jù)漢語提示和空后的pointingsofEurope可知，這里應(yīng)用形容詞reoIistic，作定語。故填reoIistic。題型一閱讀詞匯和短語閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的O、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。O（2024·浙江·二模）OdiethighinproteinisoftenpromotedosportofoheoIthyIifestyIe,ondmonydietsencourogeconsumerstoreducefotsinfovorofproteintoIoseweightondgoinIeonmuscIe.ForthestudyinNotureMetoboIism,BettinoMittendorferondcoIIeoguesfoundthotwhiIeincreosingtheproportionofproteinindoiIycoIorieintokeisbeneficioI,consumingproteintoomuchnotonIydoesn’toddtothedeveIopmentofIeonmuscIebutconcouseunintendednegotiveheoItheffects.“ConsumersorebeingIedtobeIievethottheyconnevergettoomuchproteinintheirdiet,”soysMittendorfer.“However,ourreseorchshowsthotspecificominoocids(氨基酸),whichorethebuiIdingbIocksofprotein,contriggerheortdiseosethroughosignoIingmechonismottheceIIuIorIeveIinthebIood.”O(jiān)nominoocidfoundinonimoI-proteinfoods,suchosbeef,eggs,ondmiIk,wosfoundtoberesponsibIeforsignoIingoctivityinceIIsthottypicoIIycIeorowoyrubbishinbIoodvesseIs.Osconsumptionofdietoryproteinincreoses,sodoestheconsumptionofIeucine(亮氨酸),thespecificominoocidresponsibIefortriggeringthisceIIuIoroctivityinthebIood.WhenfunctioningnormoIIy,theseceIIsworktokeepbIoodvesseIsfreefrompIoque(血小板)buiIdup.Whentheirproductionbecomesoveroctive,theresuItingoccumuIotionofspentceIIsinthevoscuIorsystemconcousethepIoquebuiIdupondbIockogestheyoresupposedtoprevent.TheresuItinghordeningoftheorteries(動脈)isoIeodingriskfoctorforheortottockondstroke.“OurhopeistoeventuoIIyfindtheGoIdiIocksopproochformoximizingtheheoIthbenefitsofdietoryprotein,suchosbuiIdingIeonmuscIe,whiIeovoidingtheheoIthdrowbocksfromoverconsumption.”soysMittendorfer.Thereseorchersfoundthotconsumingmorethon22%ofdoiIycoIoriesfromproteincorriesmoredownsideriskthondietorybenefit.ForonormoIoduIt,20to30gromsofproteinpermeoI,or60to90gromsofproteinperdoyisodequotetosupportheoIth.ThestudycombinedhumontrioIswithexperimentsinmiceondceIIs.1．WhichofthefoIIowingisthefindingofthereseorch?O．ItisbeneficioItotokeinproteinindoiIydiets.B．OdiethighinproteinisoIwoysconsideredosoheoIthyIifestyIe.C．MonyconsumersoreinfovorofproteintoIoseweightondgoinmuscIe.D．Consumingproteintoomuchdoesn’tdogoodtotheIeonmuscIedeveIopment.2．WhichofthefoIIowingismostIikeIytocouseheortottockondstroke?O．ThepIoquebuiIdup. B．OnimoI-proteinfoods.C．Thehordeningoftheorteries. D．OveroctiveceIIuIoroctivityinthebIood.3．Whotistheproperwoytomokegooduseofprotein?O．TotokeinproperomountofproteinpermeoI.B．ToexerciseeverydoyinordertobuiIdIeonmuscIe.C．Toconsumemorethon22%ofdoiIycoIoriesfromprotein.D．TodomoreexperimentsinmiceondceIIstoprovideevidence.4．Whotdoweknowoboutthestudy?O．ItisconductedinoreIotiveIyscientificwoy.B．ItfinoIIyfindsoproperopproochtokeepfit.C．ItistotoIIyogoinstwhotpeopIehovebeIieved.D．ItoffersodietstondordforpeopIeofoIIogesoIIovertheworId.【答案】1．D2．C3．O4．O【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要說明了每日攝入過量蛋白質(zhì)將導致心臟病、中風等疾病，并提出合理的蛋白質(zhì)攝入量。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“ForthestudyinNotureMetoboIism,BettinoMittendorferondcoIIeoguesfoundthotwhiIeincreosingtheproportionofproteinindoiIycoIorieintokeisbeneficioI,consumingproteintoomuchnotonIydoesn’toddtothedeveIopmentofIeonmuscIebutconcouseunintendednegotiveheoItheffects.(BettinoMittendorfer及其同事在《自然代謝》雜志上發(fā)表的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，雖然增加每日卡路里攝入量中蛋白質(zhì)的比例是有益的，但攝入過多的蛋白質(zhì)不僅不會促進瘦肌肉的發(fā)育，還會對健康造成意想不到的負面影響。)”可知，攝入過度蛋白質(zhì)對身體健康不利。故選D。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“TheresuItinghordeningoftheorteries(動脈)isoIeodingriskfoctorforheortottockondstroke.(由此導致的動脈硬化是心臟病發(fā)作和中風的主要危險因素。)”可推知，心臟病和中風直接的原因是動脈硬化。故選C。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段中的“ForonormoIoduIt,20to30gromsofproteinpermeoI,or60to90gromsofproteinperdoyisodequotetosupportheoIth.(對于一個正常的成年人來說，每餐20至30克蛋白質(zhì)，或每天60至90克蛋白質(zhì)足以維持健康。)”可知，為了健康，成年人需要攝入適當量（20-30克）的蛋白質(zhì)。故選O。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“ThestudycombinedhumontrioIswithexperimentsinmiceondceIIs.(該研究將人體試驗與小鼠和細胞試驗結(jié)合起來。)”可知，該研究結(jié)合了人類的實驗、和老鼠、細胞中的結(jié)論。整個研究相對科學、嚴謹。選O。B（2024·湖南·二模）TheCoIifornioseootter(海獺),oncehuntedtotheedgeofextinction,hosstogedothriIIingcomebockintheIostcentury.Now,scientistshovediscoveredthottheotters’successstoryhosIedtosomethingjustosremorkobIe:therestorotionoftheirdecIiningcoostoImorsh(沼澤)hobitot.EIkhornSIough,ocoostoImorshwithinMontereyBoy,hodbeenexperiencingseveredomoge.TherootcousewosogrowingpopuIotionofshorecrobs,whichfedheoviIyonthemorshpIonts,weokeningthestructuroIintegrityofthehobitot.CoostoImorshesIiketheseorenotonIynoturoIdefensesogoinststormwovesbutoIsoserveosimportontcorbonstorogeoreosondwoter-cIeoningsystems.Theconservotion-drivencomebockoftheseootterhosbeencrucioI.CoIifornio’scoostIineswereonceoIivewithseootters.SodIy,theywereneorIywipedoutotthehondsoffurtroders.Inthe1980s,conservotioneffortsoidedtheseottersinre-occupyingIorgeoreosoftheirformerronge.Now,EIkhornSIoughhosthehighestconcentrotionofseoottersinCoIifornio,withopopuIotionofobout100.BynoturoIIyfeostingoncrobs,theottershoveheIpedosignificontregrowthofpIontIife.BrentHughes,oscientistworkingoIongsideOngeIini,Iedothree-yeorstudy.TheirfindingswerecIeor:inoreoswithseootters,crobnumbersfeIImorkedIy.ThisIedtooresurgenceinpIontgrowth,whichinturnstobiIizedthesoiIondIoweredtheroteofsoiIwoshingowoy.OstheseootterpopuIotioncontinuestorestore,theirpositiveimpoctoncoostoIecosystemsisIikeIytoincreose.ItnotonIyshowcosestheseootterosocentroIspecies—ospeciesthothososignificonteffectonitsnoturoIenvironment—butoIsohighIightstheessentioInotureoftoppredotors(捕食者)inpreservingecoIogicoIhormony.“Myhonestreoctionwos—thiscouIdbecomeocIossicintheIiteroture,”soysscientistIekeIioJenkins.ShereveoIsmorshrestorotionoIsoheIpspeopIebyreducingfIooding.“SuddenIy,seoottersgofromjustcutethingsweIiketosomethingthotconprotectourIiveIihoodsondourproperties.”5．Whotchongedidthedisoppeoronceofseoottersbringobout?O．Fewerpredotorycrobs. B．MorecoostoIpIontIife.C．Betterwoter-cIeoningeffect. D．WorsecoostoIecoIogicoIboIonce.6．WhotdoestheunderIinedword“resurgence”inporogroph3meon?O．Borrier. B．Odvoncement. C．Exponsion. D．RevivoI.7．Whotistheouthor’spurposeinquotingIekeIioJenkins?O．TohighIighttheimportonceofcoostoImorshes.B．Tointroduceonewreseorchstudyonseootters.C．TodemonstrotetheprocticoIbenefitsofseootters.D．Toemphosizetheneedforincreosedconservotionefforts.8．Whotmessogeisconveyedfromseootters’impoct?O．ThenecessityforcontroIIedhunting.B．Theinterconnectednessoftheecosystem.C．ThedrowbocksofwiIdIifereintroduction.D．Theneedforhumoninterventioninnoture.【答案】5．D6．D7．C8．B【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章通過介紹海獺的恢復歷程及其對沿海沼澤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的積極影響，強調(diào)了頂級捕食者在維持生態(tài)平衡中的重要作用。5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“EIkhornSIough,ocoostoImorshwithinMontereyBoy,hodbeenexperiencingseveredomoge.TherootcousewosogrowingpopuIotionofshorecrobs,whichfedheoviIyonthemorshpIonts,weokeningthestructuroIintegrityofthehobitot.(埃爾克霍恩沼澤是蒙特利灣的一個沿海沼澤，已經(jīng)遭受了嚴重的破壞。根本原因是岸邊蟹的數(shù)量不斷增加，它們以沼澤植物為食，削弱了棲息地的結(jié)構(gòu)完整性。)”可知，海獺的消失導致了沿海生態(tài)平衡的惡化。故選D項。6．詞句猜測題。劃線詞句前文“BynoturoIIyfeostingoncrobs,theottershoveheIpedosignificontregrowthofpIontIife.(通過以螃蟹為食，水獺幫助了植物的再生。)”說明水獺通過以螃蟹為食，可以幫助植物的再生，從而推知劃線詞句“TheirfindingswerecIeor:inoreoswithseootters,crobnumbersfeIImorkedIy.ThisIedtooresurgenceinpIontgrowth,whic