2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語Unit6Spaceandbeyond課時(shí)分層作業(yè)3含解析外研版選擇性必修第四冊(cè)

PAGEUnit6Spaceandbeyond課時(shí)分層作業(yè)(十八)Ⅰ.閱讀理解AItisquiteapparentthatcompetitionsurroundseveryaspectofhumanlifewhetherintheUnitedStatesortheAmazonrainforest.Withoutitwewouldnothavegrownintoprimates(靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物)．Orwewouldprobablystillbestrugglingtosharpenabronzetoolwhilecrawlingaroundonfourlegsinsearchofmeat.Withoutcompetition，Columbuswouldn'thavediscoveredAmericaandEdisonwouldneverhaveinventedthelightbulb.Thefriendship，likeallrelationshipsbetweentwopeople，involvescompetition.Itisn'tcompetitioninatraditionalsensebecausetherearenogoalstobescoredandnoprizes.Perhapstheecologicaldefinition—thesimultaneous(同時(shí)的)demandbytwoormoreorganismsforlimitedenvironmentalresources，suchasnutrients，livingspace，orlight—betterexplainsit.Asinnature，highschoollifeisgovernedbyasetoflaws，similartoashortenedversionofDarwin'stheoryofevolution，overpopulation，andcompetition.Thereisanabundanceofhighschoolstudentsandtodistinguishthem，rankingandcategorizing(分類)takeplace.Inhighschool，friendshipco-existswithcompetitioneventhoughattimestherelationshipisrough.Infact，insomecircumstances，competitionistoomuchofaburdenforfriendshiptobear，causingittofallapart.Collegeadmissionisthefinalhighschoolobjective.Three-yearsofhardworkistoachievegoodgrades，andastudent'sfateisdeterminednotonlybytheseachievements，butbytherecordsofthousandsofotherseniorstryingtoachievesimilarrecognition.Nevertheless，bynecessity，competitionbetweenstudentsexistsinallaspectsofhighschoollife.Itsetsandimprovesthestandardsineverythingfromsportstoschoolwork.Healthy，friendlycompetitioncanhaveonlybenefits，butwhenitbecomestoofierce，jealousy(嫉妒)cantearfriendshipapart.Yet，despiteallthis，withoutcompetition，wewouldbelost.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇爭(zhēng)論文。文章主要論述了友情和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)之間的關(guān)系，健康的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)促進(jìn)友情，而惡性的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)則破壞友情。1．Whatdoestheecologicaldefinitionmainlyexplain?A．Howfriendscompetewitheachother.B．Howtowinthecompetition.C．Whattheresultofcompetitionis.D．Whatcompetitionexactlyis.D[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。分析其次段最終一句可知，該句的主干是Perhapstheecologicaldefinitionbetterexplainsit，其中“it”指代的是前一句中的“competition”。兩個(gè)破折號(hào)之間的內(nèi)容說明“theecologicaldefinition”。句意：兩個(gè)或者更多的生物體同時(shí)對(duì)有限的生態(tài)環(huán)境資源有需求，如養(yǎng)分物質(zhì)、生存空間、光——這一生態(tài)學(xué)定義更好地說明了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)(的含義)。故選D項(xiàng)。]2．Accordingtotheauthor，whatcausesthehighschoolstudentstocompete?A．Thenumberofthemistoolarge.B．Friendshipisaburdenforthem.C．Theyknowthelawsofnaturewell.D．Theyaredividedintodifferentgroups.A[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，中學(xué)生活與自然界一樣有一系列的規(guī)則，這與達(dá)爾文關(guān)于進(jìn)化、人口過多和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的理論相像。也正是因?yàn)閷W(xué)生人數(shù)眾多，為了區(qū)分，所以對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行了排名、分類。再加上考高校這一中學(xué)生活的最終目標(biāo)的壓力，中學(xué)生之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)就不行避開地產(chǎn)生了。故選A項(xiàng)。]3．Whichbestdescribestherelationshipoffriendshipandcompetition?A．Friendshipisalwaysbasedoncompetition.B．Thedegreeofcompetitionisvitaltofriendship.C．Competitionisterriblyharmfultofriendship.D．Competitionisaresultoflostfriendship.B[推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中的“Healthy，friendlycompetitioncanhaveonlybenefits，butwhenitbecomestoofierce，jealousy(嫉妒)cantearfriendshipapart.”可知，健康的、友好的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)友情有好處，而過于激烈的、存在嫉妒的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)會(huì)使友情裂開。因此競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的度對(duì)友情是至關(guān)重要的。故選B項(xiàng)。]4．Whatdoestheauthorthinkof“competition”？A．Theresultsofcompetitionareoutofcontrol.B．Competitionbecomesfiercerinhighschool.C．Competitioniscertaintohappeninhighschool.D．Friendshipisnotasimportantascompetitioninhighschools.C[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段第一句“Nevertheless，bynecessity，competitionbetweenstudentsexistsinallaspectsofhighschoollife.”可知，作者認(rèn)為中學(xué)生活的各個(gè)方面存在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是必定的。故選C項(xiàng)。]BSomepeoplearesorude!Whosendsane-mailoratextmessagethatjustsays“Thankyou”？Wholeavesavoicemailmessageratherthantextsyou?WhoasksforafacteasilyfoundonGoogle?Don'tthesepeoplerealizethatthey'rewastingyourtime?MaybeI'mtherudeonefornotappreciatinglife'slittlepoliteness.Butmanysocialagreedstandardsjustdon'tmakesensetopeopledrowningindigitalcommunication.Intexts，youdon'thavetodeclarewhoyouareorevensayhello.E-mail，too，isslowerthanatext.Voicemailisanowimpolitewayoftryingtoconnect.Myfatherlearnedthislessonafterleavingmeadozenvoicemailmessages，noneofwhichIlistenedto.Exasperated，hecalledmysistertoexpresshisdissatisfactionthatIneverreturnedhisphonecalls.“Whyareyouleavinghimvoicemail？”mysisterasked.“Justtexthim.”Intheageofthesmartphone，thereisnoreasontoaskonce-acceptablequestionsabout：theweatherforecast，abusiness'sphonenumber，ordirectionstoahouse，arestaurant，whichcanbeeasilyfoundonGoogleMaps.Butpeoplestillaskthesethings.Andwhenyouanswer，theyrespondwithathank-youe-mail.Howtohandlethesedifferingstandards?Easy.Consideryouraudience.Somepeople，especiallyolderones，appreciateathank-youmessage.Others，likeme，wantnoreply.Theanthropologist(人類學(xué)家)MargaretMeadoncesaidthatintraditionalsocieties，theyounglearnfromtheold.Butinmodernsocieties，theoldcanalsolearnfromtheyoung.Here'shopingthatpolitenessnevergoesoutoffashionbutthattime-wastingformsofcommunicationdo.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇爭(zhēng)論文。文章主要探討了如今在智能手機(jī)時(shí)代，人們應(yīng)當(dāng)選擇哪種方式進(jìn)行溝通。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Exasperated”meaninthefifthparagraph?A．Worried. B．Surprised.C．Annoyed. D．Tired.C[詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)畫線詞后面的“hecalledmysistertoexpresshisdissatisfactionthatIneverreturnedhisphonecalls”可知，作者的父親對(duì)作者不給自己回電話很不滿，由此可推知exasperated意思是“憤怒的，生氣的”，故選C。]6．Whydidn'tthewriterreplytohisfather?A．Helikedtextmessagesbetter.B．Heenjoyedcheckinghisvoicemail.C．Hedidn'treceiveanyvoicemailmessages.D．Hedidn'twanttotalkwithhisfather.A[推理推斷題。依據(jù)第五段最終一句“‘Whyareyouleavinghimvoicemail？’mysisterasked.‘Justtexthim.’”可推知，作者不喜愛用語音信箱，更偏愛發(fā)短信，故選A。]7．Whichofthefollowingdoesthewriteragreeto?A．Peopleneedn'tlearnfromoneanotherintraditionalsocieties.B．Dealingwithvoicemailshouldvarywitheachindividual.C．Peopleneedn'tturntoGoogleforhelpwhenintrouble.D．Declaringwhoyouareorsayinghellointextsisnecessary.B[推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段的內(nèi)容可推知，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是改變的，處理方式應(yīng)當(dāng)因人而異，而不是一刀切，語音信箱的運(yùn)用亦是如此，故選B。]8．What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?A．Nowadays：whatshouldwedowithtextmessages?B．Nowadays：doyoulikeleavingothersavoicemessage?C．Nowadays：whatmeansshouldweuseincommunication?D．Nowadays：doyouneedathank-youmessage?C[標(biāo)題歸納題。依據(jù)對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的整體理解可知，第三段引入本文話題，最終兩段點(diǎn)題總結(jié)，本文主要探討的是如今(在智能手機(jī)時(shí)代)我們應(yīng)當(dāng)用何種方式進(jìn)行溝通，故選C項(xiàng)。]Ⅱ.讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面材料，依據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。TheMeredithfamilylivedinasmallcommunity.Astheeconomywasindecline，somepeopleinthetownhadlosttheirjobs.Manyoftheirfamilieswerestrugglingtomakeendsmeet.Peopleweretryingtohelpeachothermeetthechallenges.Mrs.Meredithwasamostkindandthoughtfulwoman.Shespentagreatdealoftimevisitingthepoor.Sheknewtheyhadproblems，andtheyneededallkindsofhelp.Whenshehadtime，shewouldbringfoodandmedicinetothem.Onemorningshetoldherchildrenaboutafamilyshehadvisitedthedaybefore.Therewasamansickinbed，hiswife，whotookcareofhimandcouldnotgoouttowork，andtheirlittleboy.Thelittleboy—hisnamewasBernard—hadinterestedherverymuch.“Iwishyoucouldseehim，”shesaidtoherownchildren，John，Harry，andClara.“Heissuchahelptohismother.Hewantsverymuchtoearnsomemoney，butIdon'tseewhathecando.”Aftertheirmotherlefttheroom，thechildrensatthinkingaboutBernard.“Iwishwecouldhelphimtoearnmoney，”saidClara.“Hisfamilyissufferingsomuch.”“SodoI，”saidHarry.“Wereallyshoulddosomethingtoassistthem.”Forsomemoments，Johnsaidnothing，but，suddenly，hesprangtohisfeetandcried，“Ihaveagreatidea！Ihaveasolutionthatwecanallhelpaccomplish(完成)．”Theotherchildrenalsojumpedupallattention.WhenJohnhadanidea，itwassuretobeagoodone.“Itellyouwhatwecando，”saidJohn.“YouknowthatbigboxofcornUncleJohnsentus？Well，wecanmakepopcorn(爆米花)，andputitintopaperbags，andBernardcantakeitaroundtothehousesandsellit.”留意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2．請(qǐng)按如下格式作答。Paragraph1：WhenMrs.MeredithheardofJohn'sidea，shethoughtitwasagoodone，too.Paragraph2：Witheverythingready，Bernardstartedoutonhisnewbusiness.