詞性轉(zhuǎn)換專訓(xùn)課件++沖刺 高考英語復(fù)習(xí)　

沖刺高考詞性轉(zhuǎn)換考點(diǎn)一

名詞與其他詞類的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(一)形容詞變名詞的后綴后綴例詞-ageshort→shortage

不足；短缺-cyefficient→efficiency效率；功效fluent→fluency流利；流暢accurate→accuracy準(zhǔn)確性private→privacy隱私；私密-domfree→freedom自由；自主wise→wisdom明智；智慧-encedifferent→difference差異silent→silence沉默-nessweak→weakness虛弱；弱點(diǎn)kind→kindness仁慈；好意careless→carelessness粗心大意dark→darkness黑暗-thstrong→strength力氣；強(qiáng)項(xiàng)warm→warmth溫暖；熱情true→truth真實(shí)wide→width寬度-y-ty-ity

difficult→difficulty困難cruel→cruelty殘酷；殘暴safe→safety安全disable→disability無能；殘疾responsible→responsibility責(zé)任(二)動(dòng)詞變名詞的后綴后綴例詞-alapprove→approval贊成；批準(zhǔn)arrive→arrival到來；到達(dá)survive→survival幸存propose→proposal提議；建議-anceappear→appearance出現(xiàn)；外貌guide→guidance指引；指導(dǎo)perform→performance表演；節(jié)目-enceexist→existence存在；生存prefer→preference偏愛refer→reference參考；查閱-ionattract→attraction吸引construct→construction建設(shè)educate→education教育evaluate→evaluation評(píng)估graduate→graduation畢業(yè)-ationexpect→expectation期待；期望explain→explanation解釋consider→consideration考慮imagine→imagination想象力starve→starvation挨餓invite→invitation邀請(qǐng)；請(qǐng)柬

-(s)siondiscuss→discussion討論；辯論decide→decision決定admit→admission接納；準(zhǔn)許入學(xué)

-inghear→hearing聽力；聽覺begin→beginning開始-mentachieve→achievement功績(jī)；成就argue→argument辯論；論據(jù)treat→treatment對(duì)待；治療equip→equipment設(shè)備-ure-turepress→pressure壓力mix→mixture混合；混合物depart→departure離開；出發(fā)-yrecover→recovery恢復(fù)；痊愈discover→discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)其他grow→growth成長(zhǎng)；發(fā)展choose→choice選擇vary→variety多樣化；種類tend→tendency趨向；趨勢(shì)(三)表示“人”的名詞后綴在某些形容詞、名詞或動(dòng)詞后面加后綴變成具有某種職業(yè)或動(dòng)作的人。常見的表示“人”的后綴有：后綴例詞-erclean→cleaner清潔工report→reporter記者strange→stranger陌生人-orinvent→inventor發(fā)明者visit→visitor游客direct→director導(dǎo)演-arlie→liar說謊者beg→beggar乞討者，乞丐-eeemploy→employee雇員interview→interviewee參加面試者train→trainee受訓(xùn)者；學(xué)員-esshost→hostess女主人act→actress女演員-ianmusic→musician音樂家politics→politician政治家history→historian歷史學(xué)家-istart→artist藝術(shù)家science→scientist科學(xué)家piano→pianist鋼琴家-antserve→servant仆人participate→participant參加者assist→assistant助手；圖書管理員◎題組微練(單句語法填空)1．Onthisday，thousandsofpeopleallaroundtheworldreachedouttomakeanewpositive________(connect)withothers.

答案與解析：connection考查名詞。根據(jù)空前的“makeanewpositive”和空后的“withothers”可知，此處填名詞connection“聯(lián)系”作make的賓語。2．Individualswhothrowawaytheirgarbagewithoutsortingitcanbefinedupto200yuan，whilecompaniesand________(organize)canfacefinesupto5,000yuan.答案與解析：organizations考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?？仗幣c名詞companies并列，表示不止一個(gè)組織，故此處用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。3．Thetacticsrepresentthe________(wise)ofChinesepeople.Theyarenotonlyusefulonthebattlefieldbutalsousefulforbusinessandpersonallife.答案與解析：wisdom考查名詞。根據(jù)空前的“the”和空后的“of”可知，空處應(yīng)為名詞，所以填wisdom。4．Apaintingwitha____________(long)of1014.37metershasreceivedaGuinnessWorldRecordtitleforthelongestdrawingbyanindividualartist.答案與解析：length考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處表示一幅長(zhǎng)達(dá)1014.37米的畫作，根據(jù)空前的a和空后的of可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞，alengthof...“長(zhǎng)達(dá)……”，所以填length。5．Youngkidswanttoimprove________(fit)andlearnChineseculture，adultstakeclassestorelievestressbroughtbywork，andretiredpeoplepracticeittopreventhealthproblems.答案與解析：fitness考查名詞。本空作動(dòng)詞improve的賓語，故填名詞形式。fitness“健康”。6．Filledwith________(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.

答案與解析：curiosity考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。介詞with后應(yīng)使用名詞?？键c(diǎn)二

形容詞、副詞的前后綴(一)形容詞變副詞的后綴規(guī)則示例一般情況加-lyslow→slowly緩慢地common→commonly普通地immediate→immediately立刻地以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾，將y改為i然后加-lyhappy→happily高興地steady→steadily穩(wěn)定地busy→busily繁忙地noisy→noisily吵鬧地heavy→heavily沉重地healthy→healthily健康地以-le結(jié)尾，去掉e加-ysimple→simply簡(jiǎn)單地gentle→gently溫柔地terrible→terribly可怕地possible→possibly可能地probable→probably可能地comfortable→comfortably舒服地以-ic結(jié)尾，加-allyeconomic→economically經(jīng)濟(jì)地scientific→scientifically科學(xué)地?？记乙灼村e(cuò)的副詞rudely,truly,politely,widely,nicely,closely,fortunately,surprisingly,increasingly,hurriedly,shyly(二)動(dòng)詞、名詞變形容詞的后綴后綴例詞-ableaccept→acceptable可接受的comfort→comfortable舒適的fashion→fashionable時(shí)髦的suit→suitable合適的reason→reasonable有道理的-al

music→musical音樂的origin→original最初的person→personal個(gè)人的；私人的center→central中央的；中心的nature→natural自然的；天生的form→formal正式的nation→national全國的-fuldoubt→doubtful懷疑的forget→forgetful健忘的harm→harmful有害的hope→hopeful有希望的peace→peaceful和平的care→careful細(xì)心的use→useful有用的success→successful成功的help→helpful有幫助的-ed

scare→scared感到恐懼的confuse→confused感到困惑的puzzle→puzzled迷惑的worry→worried擔(dān)心的bore→bored感到厭倦的excite→excited激動(dòng)的；興奮的underline→underlined加下劃線的-ingsurprise→surprising令人驚訝的convince→convincing令人信服的satisfy→satisfying令人滿意的worry→worrying令人擔(dān)心的bore→boring令人厭煩的-ibleaccess→accessible容易達(dá)到的；容易取得的horror→horrible可怕的；恐怖的terror→terrible可怕的-iveact→active積極的；活躍的effect→effective有效的；生效的attract→attractive有吸引力的impress→impressive給人深刻印象的instruct→instructive有教育意義的expense→expensive昂貴的-ouscontinue→continuous不斷的；持續(xù)的anxiety→anxious憂慮的caution→cautious十分小心的；謹(jǐn)慎的curiosity→curious好奇的humor→humorous幽默的-sometire→tiresome令人厭倦的trouble→troublesome麻煩的-ytaste→tasty美味的；可口的health→healthy健康的wealth→wealthy富裕的；豐富的dirt→dirty有灰塵的；臟的rain→rainy有雨的snow→snowy有雪的sun→sunny陽光明媚的wind→windy有風(fēng)的cloud→cloudy陰天的-erneast→eastern東方的；向東的west→western西方的；向西的-ish

child→childish孩子氣的fool→foolish愚蠢的；可笑的self→selfish自私的-ic

science→scientific科學(xué)的economy→economic經(jīng)濟(jì)的history→historic歷史上著名的-aryimagine→imaginary

想象中的單句語法填空1．DavidKatzwasupsetbyalltheplasticgoingintotheocean.Tohelpsolvetheproblem，hehada________(create)idea—totreatplasticlikemoney.答案與解析：creative考查形容詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處修飾名詞idea，應(yīng)用形容詞形式，所以填creative。2．TheContemporaryMuseumofCalligraphy(書法)containsmanyartpiecesincludingArabic，Chinese,________(Europe)，Indian，JapaneseandSlaviccalligraphicworks.答案與解析：European考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。and前后為并列的形容詞，共同修飾后面的名詞短語calligraphicworks，所以填European。3．Smellsfromcookiesbakinginthekitchenorthesmellofahomemadedishcanbringback________(amaze)memoriesofgrowingup.答案與解析：amazing考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處表示“令人驚訝的記憶”，應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞memories；amazing意為“令人驚訝的”，修飾物；amazed意為“大為驚奇的”，修飾人。故填amazing。4．Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitudetowardscollegebeforethinkingaboutwhichcollegetoattend，andit'snevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyand_________(meaning)collegeexperience.答案與解析：meaningful考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(名詞變形容詞)。用形容詞修飾名詞collegeexperience。5．Asthesmallboatmoved________(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.答案與解析：gently考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾動(dòng)詞moved應(yīng)使用副詞。6．Whatisdrivingthis________(grow)inveganism?Itisbecausepeoplewanttoprotecttheenvironment.答案與解析：growth考查名詞。句意：為何純素食主義如此受歡迎？空格前有this修飾，與this一起做drive的賓語，要用grow的名詞形式growth?？键c(diǎn)三

變動(dòng)詞的前綴和后綴前/后綴例詞前綴en-able→enable使能夠large→enlarge擴(kuò)大rich→enrich使充實(shí)；使豐富danger→endanger危及courage→encourage鼓勵(lì)后綴-enbroad→broaden使變寬ripe→ripen使成熟sharp→sharpen使尖銳wide→widen加寬short→shorten變短deep→deepen加深dark→darken使變暗hard→harden使變硬-ifyclass→classify把……分類just→justify證明……正確simple→simplify簡(jiǎn)化beauty→beautify美化-izeapology→apologize道歉emphasis→emphasize強(qiáng)調(diào)memory→memorize記住real→realize認(rèn)識(shí)到；實(shí)現(xiàn)◎題組微練(單句語法填空)1．Besides，whatyoutoldmeaboutyourcountry________(broad)myhorizonsandarousedmyinterestinforeignculture.2．ThepurposeoftheHUNCHprogramsto________(sharp)students'communicationskills.broadenedsharpen考點(diǎn)四

轉(zhuǎn)化法轉(zhuǎn)化法是由一種詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為一種或幾種詞類的構(gòu)詞法。這種構(gòu)詞法詞形沒有改變，轉(zhuǎn)化后的單詞在意義上通常與原單詞有密切聯(lián)系。轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)則例詞注意名詞→動(dòng)詞face(n.臉→v.面對(duì))shoulder(n.肩→v.肩負(fù))water(n.水→v.澆水)back(n.背→v.支持)name(n.名字→v.命名)high，deep，wide用作副詞時(shí)表示具體，而highly，deeply，widely表示抽象。動(dòng)詞→名詞look(v./n.)看

try(v./n.)嘗試dream(v./n.)夢(mèng)想

chat(v./n.)聊天形容詞→動(dòng)詞empty(adj.空的→v.倒空)slow(adj.慢的→v.減慢)dirty(adj.臟的→v.弄臟)warm(adj.暖的→v.使變暖)形容詞→副詞hard(adj.難的→adv.努力)high(adj.高的→adv.高)deep(adj.深的→adv.深)wide(adj.寬的→adv.寬)◎題組微練(單句改錯(cuò))1．NomatterhowhardlyItried,Icouldn'tunderstandclearlywhatmyEnglishteachersornativespeakerssaid.________________2．IhighrecommendyouvisittheMeiLanfangGrandTheatertoseeaPekingOperashow.________________hardly→hardhigh→highly技法1語法填空解題技法【典例感悟】1．Becauseoftheconfidencesheinspiredinme,I'vecarvedouta________(success)professionasajournalist.答案與解析：successful考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。profession為名詞，

意為“職業(yè)”，故應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞，故填successful。2．Inthe18thand19thcenturies,________(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.答案與解析：wealthy考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)設(shè)空處后面的名詞people可知，這里應(yīng)用形容詞wealthy修飾。3．Theyalsosharedwithusmany________(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere________(huge)popularwithtourists.答案與解析：traditional考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(名詞變形容詞)。所填詞修飾名詞stories，故應(yīng)用tradition的形容詞形式traditional。hugely考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(形容詞變副詞)。所填詞修飾形容詞popular，故應(yīng)用huge的副詞形式hugely。behugelypopularwith非常受……歡迎。4．Thereisalsono________(evident)thatproteinfromapowderorbarcanimproveathleticperformanceanymorethanproteinfromfood.答案與解析：evidence句意：也沒有證據(jù)表明粉末或棒狀物中的蛋白質(zhì)比食物中的蛋白質(zhì)更能提高運(yùn)動(dòng)成績(jī)。固定句型：Thereisnoevidencethat...“沒有證據(jù)”。該句中no后面用名詞，名詞后面是that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。5．IfeelproudthatourChinesecultureattractsmanypeoplefromdifferentcultures.Theperformancewasvery________(impress)．答案與解析：impressive考查形容詞。根據(jù)語境可知，表演非常令人難忘。根據(jù)句意可知該處用形容詞作表語。6．NowheandhisChinesefriendsareusingdrones(無人機(jī))________(film)theGreatWall,whichprovidesa________(complete)newandfascinatingperspective.答案與解析：tofilm考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。usesth.todosth.“用……做……”是固定用法，此處不定式作目的狀語，所以填tofilm。completely考查副詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處應(yīng)為副詞，修飾形容詞new，所以填completely。語法填空解題“2策略”1．利用句子成分確定詞性(1)如果要填的詞在句中作主語、賓語或表語要考慮名詞形式。(2)如果要填的詞作定語、表語、主語補(bǔ)足語或賓語補(bǔ)足語，要想到用形容詞；如果作狀語，要想到用副詞。2．根據(jù)修飾詞或被修飾詞確定詞性(1)如果要填的詞被形容詞、定冠詞或形容詞性物主代詞修飾，此時(shí)要考慮用名詞形式。(2)如果要填的詞修飾名詞，要想到用形容詞；如果修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，要想到用副詞。技法2短文改錯(cuò)解題技法【典例感悟】1．I'msurelyyou'llhaveagoodtime.________________2．Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.________________3．First,Iwantedtobeafireman,whoseuniformlookedsocoolly.________________4．“Imakepeoplehappilywithmyletters，andyoudotoo，”Lucywrote.________________surely→sureinteresting→interestedcoolly→coolhappily→happy5．Yetmyneighbourwashavingsomuchfunnywithvolunteering.Hetoldmethatitfeltextremelywell.________________6．OnewasthatIwasamazingatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchbetterafterseeingadoctor.________________7．ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenlystopjustinthemiddleoftheroad.________________8．Attimesitcanbequitestressful,whichinturnmakesmefeelveryworry.________________funny→fun或well→goodamazing→amazedsuddenly→suddenworry→worried短文改錯(cuò)解題“2視角”1．看被修飾詞或平行成分(1)如果修飾名詞，要用形容詞；(2)如果修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞和分詞應(yīng)用副詞；(3)修飾人，表示主語所處的狀態(tài)，意為“感到……的”，用-ed形容詞；修飾物或事，表示主語所具有的特征，意為“令人……的”，用-ing形容詞；(4)注意其平行成分的詞性。2．看句子成分(1)作定語、表語、主語補(bǔ)足語或賓語補(bǔ)足語，要想到應(yīng)用形容詞；(2)作狀語要想到應(yīng)用副詞。Ⅰ.語法填空Experiencesareacquiredthroughourjourneyinlife;wechooseandcreateourbeliefs,fearsandopinions1.________(base)onallourexperiencesinlife.Eventhoughthingsandlifearethewaytheyare,weallhavedifferentopinionsabouteverythingandeverybody.Otherpeoplehaveopinionsaboutustoo.答案與解析：based考查形容詞或非謂語動(dòng)詞?！癰ebasedon”是固定用法，意為“以……為依據(jù)”，故此處可為形容詞短語作后置定語；另外，“basesth.onsth.”也為固定用法，意為“以……為依據(jù)”，此處“ourbeliefs,fearsandopinions”與base為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞形式based。But2.________reallymattersistheopinionwehaveabout3.________(we).Youeitherchoosetoacceptandfollowwhatotherpeoplebelieve4.________decidetobeyourselfandliveaccordingtotherealityoflife.2．答案與解析：what考查主語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處引導(dǎo)主語從句，在從句中作主語，表示“……的事物”，故填what。注意：that引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，在從句中不充當(dāng)成分。3．答案與解析：ourselves考查代詞。此處表示“我們對(duì)自己的看法”，故填反身代詞ourselves。4．答案與解析：or考查固定搭配?！癳ither...or...”是固定搭配，意為“要么……要么……”，符合語境。5．________livinglifeasitisandbeingyourself,youcreateanimageaboutyourself.Itisextremelyimportant6.________(understand)howthisimage,createdbyyourbeliefsandimagination,directsandinfluencesyour7.________(grow).5．答案與解析：By考查介詞。此處表示通過過真實(shí)的生活，做你自己，

你創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)關(guān)于你自己的形象。故用介詞by,意為“通過”。6．答案與解析：tounderstand考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處考查不定式作真正的主語，it作形式主語的用法，故填tounderstand。7．答案與解析：growth考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空前的形容詞性物主代詞your的后面應(yīng)跟名詞，故填growth。Thisimagethatyoucreateaboutyourself8.________(determine)whoyouareandhowyoufeel；itdetermineshowsuccessfulyoubecomeinlife.Everythingstartsinthemind.Ifyoureallywanttoaccomplishyourdreams,pictureyourselfhavingandlivingthelifeyouwant.答案與解析：determines考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處應(yīng)與上下文用的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)保持一致，且句子的主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填determines。Believeinyourselfandbe9.________(confidence)!Itdoesn'tmatterhowbadordifficultthe10.________(circumstance)maylooklike.Inshort,youareashappyorsadasyouseeyourself.9．答案與解析：confident考查形容詞。