人教版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義必修一　Unit1Friendship

第一部分基礎(chǔ)知識必修一Unit1Friendship1.與同伴討論友誼和朋友的重要性，了解同學(xué)們的交友觀；2.重點(diǎn)掌握與促進(jìn)友誼、提升人際關(guān)系相關(guān)的詞匯、短語和句式。What'sfriendshipforateenager?Apartnerwhoaddstoyourhappiness?Upsettoanswer?Youhavegottocalmyourselfdown.Setdownaseriesoftipsinordertofindatruefriend.Hewon'tignoreorgettiredofyouonpurposewhenyousufferfrompains.Evenifhedoesn'texactlydisagreewithyouorevenquarrelswithyoufacetoface,hewon'tdislikeyou.Hewillwalkthedogwithyouonthehighwayatduskandwashyourovercoatanddustycurtainsandpackthemintothesuitcase.Youcangetalongwellwithhimorherbecauseyouaregratefultohiminthathejoinsinyourdailylife,whichmakesyourecoverfromyourpain.Youmaynotfallinlovewithhimbutyourheartwillentirelysettledownsoonerorlater.1.addtoone'shappiness給某人增添快樂2.inordertodosth.為了3.begratefultosb.forsth.因?yàn)槟呈聦δ橙烁屑?.joinin加入1.為了找到真正的朋友，你可以寫一些小貼士。Setdownaseriesoftipsinordertofindatruefriend.2.即使他不完全同意你的看法，或者會和你面對面吵架，他也不會不喜歡你。Evenifhedoesn'texactlydisagreewithyouorevenquarrelswithyoufacetoface,hewon'tdislikeyou.3.你可以跟他或她相處得很好，因?yàn)樗湍愕纳钕⑾⑾嚓P(guān)而讓你心懷感恩之心。Youcangetalongwellwithhimorherbecauseyouaregratefultohiminthathejoinsinyourdailylife.★upsetadj.心煩意亂的；不安的；不適的vt.(upset,upset)使不安；使心煩★ignorevt.不理睬；忽視★calmvt.&vi.(使)平靜；(使)鎮(zhèn)定adj.平靜的；鎮(zhèn)靜的；沉著的★concernvt.(使)擔(dān)憂；涉及；關(guān)系到n.擔(dān)心；關(guān)注；(利害)關(guān)系★powern.能力；力量；權(quán)力★facetoface面對面地★partnern.伙伴；合作者；合伙人★suffervt.&vi.遭受；忍受；經(jīng)歷★get/betiredof對……厭煩★getalongwith與……相處；進(jìn)展★packvi.&vt.捆扎；包裝；打行李★fallinlove相愛；愛上★disagreevi.不同意★gratefuladj.感激的；表示謝意的★disliken.&vt.不喜歡；厭惡★joinin參加；加入★entirelyadv.完全地；全然地；整個(gè)地★dustyadj.積滿灰塵的★settlevi.安家；定居；停留vt.使定居；安排；解決★recovervi.&vt.痊愈；恢復(fù)；重新獲得★exactlyadv.確實(shí)如此；正是；確切地一、重點(diǎn)單詞需牢記1.upsetvt.&vi.(upset,upset,upsetting)使不安；使心煩adj.心煩意亂的；不適的；不舒服的upsetoneselfaboutsth.為某事煩惱beupsetover/about/atsth.為……感到不安beupsetby...被……打亂beupsetthat為……感到不安Don'tupsetyourself—noharmhasbeendone.不要難過——并沒有造成任何傷害。Ourarrangementsfortheweekendwereupsetbyhervisit.她的到來把我們周末的安排給打亂了。Hewasquiteupsetover/aboutherillness.他為她的病而憂心忡忡。2.ignorevt.不理睬，忽視Isaidhellotoher,butsheignoredmepletely.我向她打招呼，可是她根本不理我。ignorancen.無知；愚昧；不知道ignorantadj.(對某事物)不了解的；無知的；無學(xué)識的beinignoranceof/aboutsth.不知道某事beignorantof/aboutsth.不知道；沒有意識到3.calmvt.&vi.(使)平靜，(使)鎮(zhèn)定adj.平靜的，鎮(zhèn)靜的calmdown平靜下來calmsb.down使某人平靜下來Haveabrandy—it'llhelptocalmyou(down).來點(diǎn)兒白蘭地——它能使你平靜下來。calmlyadv.平靜地；寧靜地；沉著地calm指氣候、海洋“風(fēng)平浪靜的”，指人“從容鎮(zhèn)靜”quiet指因無騷擾產(chǎn)生的“安靜、無動靜、無聲響”silent指“寂靜無音的、沉默無言的”或“一片靜寂”still指“靜止的、一動不動的、寂靜的”，側(cè)重于靜止不動和完全無聲，帶有感情色彩。4.concernvt.&n．使擔(dān)心，使不安；關(guān)于，關(guān)系到beconcernedabout/for對……擔(dān)心beconcernedwith涉及；論述as/sofarassb.beconcerned就某人而言concernoneselfwith/in/aboutsth.關(guān)心某事，忙于某事havenoconcernwith...與……無關(guān)Weareratherconcernedaboutfather'shealth.我們相當(dāng)擔(dān)心父親的健康。ThebookisprimarilyconcernedwithSoviet－AmericanrelationsduringtheColdWar.這部書主要講的是冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期的蘇美關(guān)系。5.settlevi.安家；定居；停留vt.使定居，安家；解決settledown鎮(zhèn)定下來；居住下來settlein在……定居settleinto習(xí)慣于；適應(yīng)于settledowntosth.專心致志于UncleGeorgedidn'tsettledownuntilhewasnearlyfifty.喬治叔叔一直到快五十歲時(shí)才安頓下來。ThefamilyhassettledinCanada.這家人已定居加拿大。Howarethekidssettlingintotheirnewschool?孩子們在新學(xué)校習(xí)慣嗎？settlementn.定居；定居點(diǎn)settlern.移居者；殖民者6.suffervt.&vi.遭受，蒙受，經(jīng)歷；受苦，患??；(常用于否定句)忍受sufferfrom遭受，蒙受She'ssufferingfromlossofmemory.她患有遺忘癥。Ourcitysufferedseriousdamagefromthehurricane.我市因颶風(fēng)遭到嚴(yán)重破壞。Duringthewartheysufferedmanyhardships.他們在戰(zhàn)爭期間吃了許多苦頭。Thiswouldcausegreathardshipandsuffering.這將造成極大的艱難困苦。Sheborehersufferingsbravely.她勇敢地忍受著苦難。sufferingn．(身體，精神上的)痛苦，苦惱；令人痛苦的事二、重點(diǎn)短語需精通1.addup(to)合計(jì)Thefiguresaddupto137.這些數(shù)目加起來總和是137。addto增添；增加；增進(jìn)add...to...把……增添到……Ifyouadd4to3youget7.四加三得七。Iwouldliketoaddthatwearepleasedwiththetestresult.我還要補(bǔ)充一下，我們對測試結(jié)果很滿意。Idon'twanttoaddtoyourtroubles.我不想給你添麻煩。2.getsth.done讓別人做某事/使得某事被做Afterwork，shegotchangedandwentdancingwithherfamily.下班后，她換好衣服同家人一起去跳舞。Hetalksloudlyandfast，andwaveshishandsaboutalotwhenhegetsexcited.他講話聲音洪亮，語速很快，當(dāng)他激動時(shí)經(jīng)常四處揮舞他的雙手。getsb./sth.doing使某人/某事物……起來getsb.todosth.使/讓某人做某事getdone(狀態(tài)的改變)get作系動詞，相當(dāng)于beDon'tgetTonywaitingforyououtsideallthetime.不要讓托尼一直在外面等著。Ourteachergotustofinishourhomework.老師讓我們完成我們的作業(yè)。gethurt受傷getkilled遇難getbroken破了getlost丟掉，迷路gettired累了getdressed穿衣3.gothrough經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受；(仔細(xì))檢查；通過；瀏覽；用完，做完Thecountryhasgonethroughtoomanywars.這個(gè)國家經(jīng)歷了太多的戰(zhàn)爭。Theywentthroughourluggageatthecustoms.海關(guān)人員仔細(xì)檢查了我們的行李。Theropeistoothicktogothroughthehole.繩子太粗，穿不過這個(gè)孔。Wespentseveraldaysgoingthroughallrelatedreferencematerials.我們花了幾天時(shí)間查了所有的相關(guān)資料。Ican'tgothroughwiththisperformance,I'msonervous.我無法完成這場表演，我好緊張。4.inorderto為了……Hehastogetupearlyinordertocatchthefirstbus.為了趕上頭班車他不得不早起。inorderto意為“目的是，為了(引導(dǎo)目的狀語)”，可位于句首或句中；soasto意為“為了，以便”，也可引導(dǎo)目的狀語，不能放在句首，只能位于句中。它們的否定式均為在to前加not。Shearrivedearlyinorderto/soastogetagoodseat.她早早到場，以便找個(gè)好位置。Inordertogetapletepicture,furtherinformationisneeded.為掌握全面情況，還需要詳細(xì)資料。Goinquietlysoasnottowakethebabyup.悄悄進(jìn)去，別把寶寶吵醒。三、重點(diǎn)句式能熟用1.Whilewalkingthedog,youwerecarelessanditgotlooseandwashitbyacar.當(dāng)你在遛狗的時(shí)候，你不小心松開了它，結(jié)果它被車撞了。當(dāng)從句的主語和主句的主語一致時(shí)，若從句的謂語動詞是系動詞be或包含be的某種形式，此時(shí)從句的主語和be動詞通?？梢砸煌÷?。While(shewas)walkingalongtheriverbank,shewassingingapopsong.她沿著河堤邊走邊唱著流行歌曲。If(itis)heated,watercanbeturnedintovapour.如果受熱，水會變成蒸氣。當(dāng)從句的主語是it,且謂語動詞是be或包含be的某種形式時(shí)，it和be?？赏瑫r(shí)省略。If(it/is)possible/necessary,thisoldtemplewillberebuilt.如果可能/必要的話，將重修這座古廟。Thereareonlyafewbooksinourschoollibrary,if(thereare)any.我們學(xué)校圖書館有書，但不多。2.Iwonderifit'sbecauseIhaven'tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatI'vegrownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.我不知道這是不是因?yàn)槲议L久無法出門的緣故。我變得對一切與大自然有關(guān)的事物都無比狂熱。句中it's...that...是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)為“Itis/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分＋that/who＋其他成分”。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可以用來強(qiáng)調(diào)除謂語以外的各種成分。ItwasonMondaynightthatallthishappened.(強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語)這一切都發(fā)生在周一晚上。ItwasMarythat/whoImetinthestreet.(強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語)我在街上遇見的是瑪麗。ItwasIthat/whometMaryinthestreet.(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語)是我在街上遇見了瑪麗。ItwasinthestreetthatImetMary.(強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語)我是在街上遇見的瑪麗?！咀⒁狻?1)判斷方法：將Itis/was...that/who...去掉，看剩下部分是否仍然完整。若完整，則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型；若不完整，則為某種從句。(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語時(shí)，that或who后面的謂語動詞必須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。3....itwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthatI'dseenthenightfacetoface...這是我一年半以來第一次目睹夜晚……It/That/Thiswas(wouldbe)thefirst(second,third...)time＋that從句(過去完成時(shí))。It/This/Thatis(willbe)thefirst/secondtime＋that從句(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))。ItwasthesecondtimethatshehadvisitedLondon.這是她第二次游覽倫敦。ItisthefirsttimethatIhaveseensuchabigwatermelon.這是我第一次見這么大的西瓜?！咀⒁狻咳绻鹴ime前有l(wèi)ast修飾，一般不用完成時(shí)態(tài)。(1)該句型的反意疑問部分為isn'tit或wasn'tit。(2)Itis(high)＋time＋從句[用一般過去時(shí)或should(should不能省略)＋動詞原形]。(3)thefirsttime意為“第一次”，用作連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。(4)forthefirsttime意為“第一次”，用作介詞短語，單獨(dú)作狀語，不接從句。四、話題寫作多積累訓(xùn)練一：寫建議信建議信是向收信人對某事提出寫信人的建議和忠告。建議信有可能是寫給個(gè)人，就其遇到的某個(gè)問題提出自己的看法和觀點(diǎn)；也可能是寫給某個(gè)組織和機(jī)構(gòu)，就改進(jìn)其服務(wù)提出建議或忠告。建議信要寫出寫信的原因，建議的內(nèi)容，提出建議的理由，提出的理由要入情入理，語氣一定要禮貌當(dāng)先。因此建議信要寫得簡明扼要、目的明確、具有合理性和說服力。第一段：交代所建議針對的背景事件，說明寫該信的目的。應(yīng)該首先肯定對方的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，然后再寫需要改進(jìn)的地方或針對具體情況提出具體建議或忠告。千萬注意不要讓別人以為你是在投訴，而不是提建議。第二段：具體闡述自己的建議并說明理由。理由可以一次列出，盡量不少于兩條，以使得所給出的理由更充分，更有說服力。針對該事所存在的可能發(fā)生的不良后果提出建議，引出對建議的具體闡述。第三段：雖然自己給出的建議對方未必接受，但是寫信者也要衷心地表達(dá)良好的祝愿和期望。注意：在寫建議信的整個(gè)過程中都要注意有禮貌，這樣收信人讀了你的建議信之后才有可能意識到你的出發(fā)點(diǎn)是為他著想的，從而更有可能接受你的建議。(1)表達(dá)“建議”的常用句型：Iwouldliketosuggestthat...AsfarasIamconcerned.../Inmyopinion...IfIwereyou,Iwould...Itseemstomethatyoucould...(2)建議信結(jié)尾常用語：Ithinkitwouldbemorebeneficialifyoucould...Ibelieveyouwilltakemyadviceintoconsideration.Ihopeyouwillfindthesesuggestionsuseful.Iwillbemorethanhappytoseeimprovementsinthisregard.Iwillbereadyforfurtherdiscussingthismatterintodetails.Dear________，Iam______.Yourcollectionofsuggestionon______is______.Asisknown，________.Mysuggestionsare________：First，________.(Peoplecan________．)Second,(tomakeeconomicprofits，)________．Third，________.(Asmanyofthem________．)【例1】(1)用upset的適當(dāng)形式填空①Thefood__upset__mystomach.②Shefeltrather__upset__onhearingthenews.③Isitan__upsetting__message?④Don'tbe__upset__.ItwillbeOK.(2)使用恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空Shewaspletelyupsetabout/overhercarelessnessbecauseshelostthenecklaceborrowedfromherfriend.upset的過去式和過去分詞相同，均為upset，且其本身是一個(gè)兼類詞，作形容詞的時(shí)候也是upset?！纠?】用ignore的適當(dāng)形式填空(1)He__ignored__thespeedlimitanddroveveryfast.(2)Iamembarrassedbymyplete__ignorance__ofhistory.(3)Peopledon'tliketoaskquestionsforfearofappearing__ignorant__.【例3】翻譯句子①天空碧藍(lán)，海上風(fēng)平浪靜。The__sky__is__blue,__and__the__sea__is__calm.②他在鄉(xiāng)間過著安靜的生活。He__had__a__quiet__life__in__the__countryside.③房子里空無一人，寂靜無聲。The__house__is__empty__and__silent.④萬籟俱寂。All__sounds__are__still.__calm是一個(gè)典型的兼類詞，應(yīng)該根據(jù)語法常識判斷其在句中的詞性。這幾個(gè)形容詞雖然各有“靜”意，但是也各有側(cè)重，使用之前必須了解它們各自在什么語境下使用?！纠?】(1)用concern的適當(dāng)形式填空①Thereisanarticlethat__concerns__theriseoftheprices.②Thechildrenarerather__concerned__abouttheirmother'shealth.③Officialsshould__concern__themselveswithpublicaffairs.(2)單句改錯(cuò)Themeetingwasconcernedaboutreformsandallpresentwereconcernedfortheirowninterests.about__改為withconcern既可作動詞，也可作名詞。用作動詞時(shí)，經(jīng)常用其系表結(jié)構(gòu)。而concerning是一個(gè)介詞，意為“關(guān)于”；concerned是一個(gè)形容詞，意為“有關(guān)的；擔(dān)心的”。Sheshowedagreatdealofconcernforherson'sillness.她非常擔(dān)心她兒子的病情。Ihavenoconcernwiththepany.我和該公司沒有任何關(guān)聯(lián)?！纠?】根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子(1)He__settled__hischild__in__(安頓在)acornerofthepartment.(2)Thenewlawispartlyintended__to__settle__the__problem__(解決……問題)offoreignlorrydriversignoringlimitstoweightandhoursatthewheel.(3)Isortedoutmymail,andthen__settled__down__to__some__serious__work__(開始做一些嚴(yán)肅的工作).settler是指早期到達(dá)一個(gè)地方定居拓荒的人，早期乘五月花號船為躲避政治迫害而到達(dá)美洲大陸的那一批英國人屬于settler之列。而immigrant是指一個(gè)國家成立后，從外國到這個(gè)國家定居的移民，20世紀(jì)初大量涌入美國的意大利人就屬于immigrant之列?！纠?】根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子(1)Those__who__suffer__from__headaches__(那些頭痛的人)willfindtheygetrelieffromthismedicine.(2)He__suffered__much__difficulty__(受過許多苦難)beforehebecameafootballstar.(3)TheRepublicanPartyonce__suffered__a__huge__defeat__(遭到慘敗)inthepolls.suffer作及物動詞時(shí)，后面常跟pain/loss/punishment/hardship/injustice(不公正)/defeat/insult(侮辱)；作不及物動詞時(shí)，常與from連用，意為“受……折磨”，“患……病”，其后的名詞多表示非常具體的不幸或痛苦，如：cold/headaches/hearttrouble/overwork/floods/droughts?！纠?】用add有關(guān)短語的適當(dāng)形式填空(1)Hewrotedowntheweightofeachstoneandthen__added__up__alltheweights.(2)ThatistheverycoinIneedto__add__to__mycollection.(3)He__added__somewood__to__increasethefire.addup與addupto的用法區(qū)別在于，addup的主語通常為人，而addupto的主語多為事或物，且不用于被動語態(tài)?！纠?】(1)根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子①講解后，老師讓我們思考問題。Shortlyaftertheexplanation,theteachergotus__thinking.②我們將很快為你訂制一套新衣服。Wewillgetanewsuit__made__foryou.③她試圖使他說話。Shetriedtogethim__to__talk．(2)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Alexandertriedtogethiswork__recognized(recognize)inthemedicalcircles.getsth.done是“讓別人做某事”，即“使得某事被做”，get為使役動詞，表示“使；促使”，done是過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，與sth.有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，這與havesth.done句型的用法一樣?！纠?】根據(jù)句意，在橫線上寫出gothrough的含義(1)Thestreamgoesthroughthefieldbehindourhouse.流過(2)Hewentthroughtheforestforthemissinggirl.穿過(3)Wehaveallgonethroughtherequiredentranceexams.通過(4)Shewentthroughhisjacketsandeventuallyfoundthekeys.仔細(xì)檢查【例4】一句多“譯”他努力學(xué)習(xí)，以趕上他的同學(xué)。(1)Heworkshardso__that/in__order__that__hecouldkeepupwithhisclassmates.(2)Heworkshardin__order__to/__so__as__tokeepupwithhisclassmates.(3)In__order__to__keepupwithhisclassmates,heworkshard.sothat,inorderthat引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時(shí)，從句中需加情態(tài)動詞may,might,could,can等。在使用inorderto/soasto時(shí)，不定式動作的邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致?！纠?】用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(1)Filmhasamuchshorterhistory,especiallywhenpared__(pare)tosuchartformsasmusicandpainting.(2)Theschoolrulesstatethatnochildshallbeallowedoutoftheschoolduringtheday,unlessacpanied(acpany)byanadult.(3)Whencrossing__(cross)thestreet,youshouldbecareful.當(dāng)所給的詞為動詞時(shí)，判斷動詞與其邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系還是被動關(guān)系有助于迅速確定答案，即主動使用現(xiàn)在分詞，被動使用過去分詞。狀語從句同時(shí)具備下列兩個(gè)條件：①主句和從句的主語一致，或從句主語為it；②從句謂語動詞是be的某種形式?！纠?】使用強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)完成句子(1)It__was__playing__puter__games__that(就是玩電腦游戲)costtheboyalotoftimeheshouldhavespentonhislessons.(2)It__was__I__who/that(就是我)wastoblame.(3)It__was__in__the__museum__that(就是在博物館)Ifirstmethim.(4)It__was__at__three__o'clock__that__(就是在三點(diǎn)鐘)Igothome.被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是人時(shí)，連詞可用that或who；其他一律用that。在句型“Itis/wasnotuntil＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that＋其他部分”中，只用until，不用till。但如果不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，till，until可通用；因?yàn)榫湫椭蠭tis/wasnot...已經(jīng)是否定句了，that后面的從句要用肯定句，且使用正常語序。【例3】根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子(1)這是我最后一次問你要錢。Thiswasthe__last__timethatIhadaskedyouforthemoney.(2)是發(fā)表這篇文章的時(shí)候了。It'shigh__time__thatthearticlewere/shouldbepublished.(3)對初次到倫敦的學(xué)生們來說，下面哪一個(gè)提供了最可靠的信息呢？Forstudentsgoing/whogotoLondonfor__the__first__time,__whichofthefollowingprovidesthemostreliableinformation?(4)第一次給旅行團(tuán)講解時(shí)，我心情很不好。Ifeltbadthe__first__timeItalkedtoatourgroup.(2018屆江蘇南京質(zhì)檢)為了更好地了解中學(xué)生課外閱讀狀況，最近你校分別對初中和高中學(xué)生進(jìn)行了一次問卷調(diào)查。以下是調(diào)查的部分結(jié)果。調(diào)查內(nèi)容初中生高中生喜歡閱讀的材料幽默故事、卡通雜志通俗小說、科幻小說、經(jīng)典作品每年閱讀5本以上人數(shù)比例21%37%課外閱讀少的原因作業(yè)太多，沒時(shí)間假設(shè)你是李華，請給ChinaDaily的編輯寫一封信，簡述以上調(diào)查結(jié)果，并就目前中學(xué)生課外閱讀狀況發(fā)表你自己的看法和建議。注意：1.詞數(shù)：120左右；2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。DearEditor，Recentlyasurveyhasbeendonetofindoutthereadinghabitsofmiddleschoolstudents.Whenaskedwhattheyliketoread,juniorstudentssaidtheypreferjokes,storiesandcartoonmagazines,whileseniorstudentsliketoreadpopnovels,sciencefictionandclassicworks.Thesurveyalsoshowsthatonly21percentofthejuniorstudentsand37percentoftheseniorstudentsreadmorethan5booksperyear.Asforwhytheyreadsolittle,nearlyallthestudentsquestionedsaidtheyhavenotimetodoafter－classreadingbecausetheyhavetodoendlesshomework.Undoubtedly,after－classreadingdoeshelpwithourstudyandcangreatlyenrichourlife.Westudentsshouldbegivenmoretimetoread,andofcourse,lesshomeworktodo.Yours,LiHua第一段：先明確調(diào)查的對象是中學(xué)生，調(diào)查的項(xiàng)目是他們的課外閱讀狀況。第二段：呈現(xiàn)調(diào)查結(jié)果和內(nèi)容，從三個(gè)角度體現(xiàn)出不同，分別是：1.喜歡閱讀的材料；2.每年閱讀5本以上人數(shù)比例；3.課外閱讀少的原因。通過調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)初中生更喜歡幽默故事、卡通雜志，而高中生喜歡通俗小說、科幻小說、經(jīng)典作品，且每年閱讀5本以上的人數(shù)比例有一定差別。第三段：結(jié)合調(diào)查結(jié)果給出建議，既要考慮到學(xué)生的首要任務(wù)是完成學(xué)業(yè)，也要就豐富學(xué)生的課余知識給出合理的建議。計(jì)策1：找邏輯主語計(jì)策2：判斷主動還是被動考向二在閱讀理解中考查“友誼”到“人際關(guān)系”(2018浙江卷一，A)WhenIwasinfourthgrade,Iworkedpart－timeasapaperboy.Mrs.Stanleywasoneofmycustomers.She'dwatchmeingdownherstreet,andbythetimeI'dbikeduptoherdoorstep,there'dbeacolddrinkwaiting.I'dsitanddrinkwhileshetalked.Mrs.Stanleytalkedmostlyaboutherdeadhusband,“Mr.StanleyandIwentshoppingthismorning.”she'dsay.Thefirsttimeshesaidthat,soda(汽水)wentupmynose.ItoldmyfatherhowMrs.StanleytalkedasifMr.Stanleywerestillalive.Dadsaidshewasprobablylonely,andthatIoughttositandlistenandnodmyheadandsmile,andmaybeshe'dwork__it__out__of__her__system.Sothat'swhatIdid,anditturnedoutDadwasright.Afterawhilesheseemedcontenttoleaveherhusbandoveratthecemetery(墓地)．Ifinallyquitdeliveringnewspapersanddidn'tseeMrs.Stanleyforseveralyears.Thenwecrossedpathsatachurchfund－raiser(募捐活動).Shewasspooningmashedpotatoesandlookinghappy.Fouryearsbefore,she'dhadtoofferherpaperboyadrinktohavesomeonetotalkwith.Nowshehadfriends.Herhusbandwasgone,butlifewenton.Iliveinthecitynow,andmypaperboyisaladynamedEdnawiththreekids.SheasksmehowI'mdoing.WhenIdon'tsay“fine”，shesticksaroundtohearmyproblems.She'slivedinthecitymostofherlife,butsheknowsaboutmunity.munityisn'tsomuchaplaceasitisastateofmind.Youfinditwheneverpeopleaskhowyou'redoingbecausetheycare,andnotbecausethey'regettingpaidtodoso.Sometimesit'sgoodtojustsmile,nodyourheadandlisten.1.Whydidsodagouptheauthor'snoseonetime?A.Hewastalkingfast. B.Hewasshocked.C.Hewasinahurry. D.Hewasabsent－minded.2.WhydidtheauthorsitandlistentoMrs.StanleyaccordingtoParagraph3?A.Heenjoyedthedrink.B.Hewantedtobehelpful.C.Hetookthechancetorest.D.Hetriedtopleasehisdad.3.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedphrase“workitoutofhersystem”？A.recoverfromhersadnessB.moveoutoftheneighborhoodC.turntoheroldfriendsD.speakoutaboutherpast4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkpeopleinamunityshoulddo?A.Openuptoothers. B.Dependoneachother.C.Payforothers'help. D.Careaboutoneanother. 【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。作者在當(dāng)報(bào)童時(shí)遇到一位終日悲傷的顧客。作者總是與她聊天，幫助她走出悲傷。1.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句話可知當(dāng)作者第一次聽Stanley夫人說到自己與已經(jīng)去世的丈夫購物時(shí)，肯定會感到非常驚訝。2.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句可知，作者坐下來傾聽Stanley夫人說話的目的是為了陪她，給她解解悶，安慰她，使她早日走出悲傷。3.A詞義猜測題。前一句提到作者坐下來傾聽Stanley夫人說話的目的是為了給她解悶，使她早日走出悲傷，由此可以判斷workitoutofhersystem意為“從悲傷中恢復(fù)過來”。4.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句話可知，作者認(rèn)為有時(shí)候?qū)e人點(diǎn)點(diǎn)頭，微笑一下或者停下來傾聽別人都是有好處的。考向一在語法填空中設(shè)題(2018浙江卷一)Youneedtoreallyreadatleastonegoodbookaweek,preferablyaclassic.Thisisn'tashardasitsounds,anditisfarbetterthananyothermethodbecauseyouimproveyourvocabularywhile______(read)aninterestingpieceofliterature.【答案】reading考查非謂語動詞。當(dāng)你在閱讀一篇有趣的文學(xué)作品的時(shí)候可以提高你的詞匯量，read的邏輯主語是you，兩者之間是主動關(guān)系，所以使用動詞的－ing形式。whilereading相當(dāng)于whileyouarereading?！叭穗H關(guān)系類”閱讀理解解題技巧人際關(guān)系包括師生關(guān)系、父子關(guān)系、同學(xué)關(guān)系、朋友關(guān)系等，常指人與人交往關(guān)系的總稱。該類語篇以記敘文為主。為了突出人物，往往通過事件渲染不同人物的特點(diǎn)，再通過不同人物之間的關(guān)系交織呈現(xiàn)一個(gè)故事，多為蘊(yùn)含生活真理的故事。分析這類文章時(shí)有兩個(gè)計(jì)策。計(jì)策1：花開兩朵，各表一枝即抓住文章中兩個(gè)主角各自的主線，然后將其交織得出文章想要表達(dá)的中心。在本文中，可以這樣展開分析：人物IStanley活動Paperboy，herdoorstep，shocked，listenandnod，church，fund－raisercustomers,sitanddrinkandtalked,herdeadhusband，leaveherhusband，lifewenton交織shehadfriendsbecauseofmypany影響Iandmypaperboyaregoodtojustsmile,nodourheadandlisten.計(jì)策2：緊抓作者的情感線索該話題的文章多數(shù)以第一人稱為主，抓住作者的情感，以此為樹干再結(jié)合可能涉及的其他人的活動，最后回到主題。例如本文中除了作者之外，還涉及了另外三個(gè)人：IOthers&theiractionskind,shockedbutlistened，surprisedStanleytalkedmostlyaboutherdeadhusband，anewlookpuzzled，understandingDadgavereasonableadviceolderandfacedwithproblemsEdnasticksaroundtohearmyproblemsit'sgoodtojustsmile,nodyourheadandlisten.一、詞匯拓展1.addvt.增加→__addition__n．增加物2.ignorevt.不理睬，忽視→__ignorance__n.忽視；不理睬3.calmadj.平靜的；鎮(zhèn)靜的→__calmness__n．平靜4.concernvt.涉及；關(guān)系到→__concerned__adj.關(guān)心的；掛念的5.entirelyadv.完全地；全然地；整個(gè)地→__entire__adj.完全的；全然的entirely＝pletely＝totally＝whollyadv.完全地；徹底地6.powern．能力；力量；權(quán)力→__powerful__adj.有權(quán)力的7.settlevi.&vt.安家；定居；停留→settlementn．安頓→settlern.定居者；殖民者8.suffervt.&vi.遭受；經(jīng)歷；忍受→sufferingn.苦難，痛苦9.recovervt.&vi.痊愈；恢復(fù)；重新獲得→recoveryn．恢復(fù)10.packvt.&vi.捆扎；包裝→packagen．包裹11.exactlyadv.確實(shí)如此；正是；確切→exactadj.確切的12.disagreevi.不同意→disagreementn．不同意13.gratefuladj.感激的；表示謝意的→gratituden.感激；感謝二、單句語法填空1.Themotherisconcerned(concern)abouthersonwhostudiesabroad.2.Ican'tmakeajudgmentonthisideauntilIhaveunderstooditentirely(entire).3.Pleasetakeoffyourdusty(dust)clothesandthrowthemintothewashingmachine.4.Sometimesasmileisso__powerful__(power)thatitcanchangeaperson'slife.5.Howwonderful!Whatyousaidis__exactly__(exact)whatIwasthinking!6.The____curtains(curtain)weresuddenlydrawnandabrightlightpouredinthroughthewindow.7.Mr.Li__settled__(settle)inAmericathreeyearsago.動詞時(shí)態(tài)的選擇除了看句中的時(shí)間狀語，還可以根據(jù)語境進(jìn)行判斷。8.People__suffered__(suffer)alotduringtheWorldWarⅡ.9.She__packed__(pack)allherbelongingsintoasuitcase.10.Ittookhimhalfayear__to__recover__(recover)fromhisleginjury.11.Many__teenagers__(teenager)arespendingtoomuchtimeonputergames.12.Herearesometips__(tip)foryoutoimproveyourspokenEnglish.13.Hisparents____disagreed__(disagree)withhisplantogoswimming,whichmadehimunhappy.14.Hewassurprisedather__calmness__(calm)infaceofdanger.15.Ifyoudon'tstop__gossiping__(gossip)aboutothers,you'lllosemostofyourfriends.16.Hesuggeststhatanyonewhodislikes__(dislike)theideadropthegameimmediately.17.Firstly,smokingisharmfultothesmokers;secondly__(second),itcausessecondhandsmoke.18.Actuallyyoudon'tneedtosetdowntoomany__items__(item)．19.Mrs.Browngavemesomuchhelp,soIamverygrateful__to__her.20.Tonyswappedhisbasketball__for__atoycar.三、用短語的適當(dāng)形式填空gothrough,facetoface,packup,sufferfrom,get(be)tiredof,onpurpose,aseriesof,fallinlove,recoverfrom,getalongwellwith,settledown,nolonger,joinin,disagreewith,(be)gratefulto1.Accordingtothelatestsurvey,manypeopleare__suffering__fromheartdisease.2.I__get/am__tired__of__watchingTV;let'sgoforawalk.3.Haveyou__packed__yourbrother'sthings__up?4.Ittooktherestofthewinterforhertorecover__from__herheartoper