Unit1ScienceandScientistsReadingandthinking課件-高中英語選擇性

Unit

1SCIENCEAND

SCIENTISTSLeaeningobjectivesTo

get

information

about

how

John

Snow

defeated

choleraTo

summarize

stages

of

scientific

researchTo

talk

about

the

significance

and

contribution

of

John'swork···Opening

PageTo

raise

new

questions,new

possibilities,to

regard

old

problemsfrom

anew

anglerequirescreative

imagination

andmarks

real

advance

in

science.—Albert

Einstein&Leopold

Infeld提出新的問題，發(fā)現(xiàn)新的可能，從新的角度審視已存在的問題，

這些需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造性的想象力，并標(biāo)志著科學(xué)的真正進(jìn)步?！柌?/p>

·

愛因斯坦

利奧波德

·英費(fèi)爾德FreetalkWhatqualitiesdidEinsteinandInfeldthinkascientistshouldhaveImagination,creativity,raisingquestionsandnewpossibilities,andlookingatoldproblemsfromanewangle.1.HowwouldyoudescribethephotoTwoyounggirlstudentsareconductinganexperimentinaschoolsciencelaboratory,probablytotestatheory,verifyresults,collectdata,ordevelopskillsneededinscientificresearch.Lookatthe

pictureand

answerthe

questions.2.WhatscientificequipmentcanyouseeinasciencelaboratorySafetygoggles防護(hù)眼鏡，glassrod玻璃棒，beaker燒杯，gauzemat石棉網(wǎng)，tripod三腳架，Bunsenburner本生燈，stand托架，flask燒瓶，testtube試管，testtuberack試管架，etc。3.whatqualitiesdoyouneedtobeascientistHardwork,courageinfaceofchallenges,persistence,devotion,passion,patience,creativity,etc.4.WheredoyouthinkthisphotowastakenWhatarethestudentsdoinginthephotoIthinkitwastakeninachemistrylaboratoryatschool.Theylookliketheyareconductinganexperiment.5.HaveyoueverbeentoaplacelikethisWhatwasitlikeYes,Ihave.Ihaveconductedchemistryexperimentsinthelaboratoryatmyschool.Therearelotsofbeakers,Petridishes,andothertoolsandequipmentthere.Wearesetinteamsandworktogethertocompleteexperimentsatvariousworkstations.6.WouldyouliketoworkinsuchafiledinthefutureWhyorwhynotYes.Ithinkitwouldbeveryexciting!Iamalreadyveryinterestedinchemistry.Toraisehewaulions,newposbifiesanglefequire.chiveimoginctionandmarkeoladvaneinscience.-AbetEwtenklepoldlnteldtoregcrdoldpcblemsfroma

newWarmingupJOHNSNOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA”WhoHowWhat·WhoisJohnSnow·HowdidhedefeatcholeraWhatisKingCholera·Now,let'sreadthe

passagetoget

informationaboutthe

infectiousdisease.JOHN

SNOW

DEFEATS“KING

CHOLERA”PartofSnow'sCholera

MapNote:一：1deathPH:publichouse

30,31,….numbers

of

houses。

風(fēng)的…BROADSTREET匣Discussthefollowingstagesofscientificresearchingroups.Whatorderwouldyouputthemin analysetheresults askaquestion7drawaconclusion4collectdata findaproblem6findsupportingevidence3thinkofamethodSkimthe

passagetosee

iftheorderyoudecidedabove

wascorrect,andchoosethemain

idea

of

the

passage.A.John

Snow

was

a

well-known

doctor

in

London.B.The

cause

ofCholera

was

polluted

water.C.The

source

ofall

drinking

water

should

be

examined.

DHow

JohnSnow

collected,analysed

data

and

found

the

cause

ofthe

disease

and

defeated

it.5.Whenthereisanoutbreakofcholera,itisimportanttofocuson

treatment

and

waste

control(廢物控制).6.Safeandeffectivecholeravaccines(疫苗)arenowused

tocontrolthe

disease.7.Today,nocountryrequiresproofofcholeravaccination

asaconditionforentry(入境條件).find

a

problemaska

questioncollectdataWhat

causes

cholera?Whichtheory

iscorrect?Markinformationona

mapto

find

out

where

people

died

or

did

not

die.Find

other

evidence

tofind

supporting

evidence

confirm

the

conclusion.The

water

is

to

blame.The

sourceofall

drinking

water

should

be

draw

a

conclusion

examined

so

that

it

is

safe.Usethestagesinexamininganew

scientificidea

to

describe

eachN2GUG20oG

UGXSUU

UIUOsUGM2CIGUCIIIGIOGS

1OCG2CLIDGGSCUparagraph.Para.1Para.2Para.3Para.4Para.5WhatItisoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworldbecauseitcausesseverediarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeathWhenIntheearly19thcentury -WhereEuropeWhatconsequenceMillionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.WhoAyoungBritishdoctorwhoevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.WhatHehadadesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.choleraJohn

SnowRead

para.1andfill

intheblanks

below.·1.WhatkindofmapisitIts'Snow'scholeramap.2.Whatdoes“—”mean“”means1death._3.Whatdoes“PH”mean“PH”meansPublichouse.4.Whatdoes30,31,...referto30,31,.…referstonumbersofhouses.mPart

of

Snow's

Cholera

MapNote:—:1death

PH:public

house30.31.….:numbers

of

housesLook

at

the

picture

and

answer

the

questions.甲BROADSTREET下__5.Howmanydeathswerethereinhousenumber19inBroadStreetTherewere2deathsinhousenumber19inBroadStreet.6.WhichhousenumbershadmorethanfourdeathsinBroadStreet16,37,38and40hadmore thanfourdeathsinBroadStreet. Part

of

Snow's

Cholera

MapNote:—1death

PH:public

house30,31.….numbers

of

houses2|2lzslBROADSTREET日77.WhichhousenumbershadnodeathsinBroadStreet14,20,21,25,27,28and34hadnodeathsinBroadStreet.8.WhereisthepumpPumpisnearhousenumber40inBroadStreet.PartofSnow'sCholera

MapNote:—:1death

PH:public

house

30.31...:numbers

of

housesBROAD

STREETwp7

π

圖三的6C.Manydeathsoccurred

near

the

water

pumpinBroad

Street.Somepeoplehadn't

_

drunk

the

water

from

thepump,and

lived.A

woman

and

herdaughter

died

inanotherpartof

London

after

drinkingwater

from

the

pump

.A.It

was

believed

that

cholera

was

caused

by

bad

air

or

germsinfoodorwaterB.Snowmarkedonamapthe

places

where

the

people

who

diedhad

lived.Thepumpwater

carriedcholeragermsE.The

handle

ofthepumpwasremoved.Readparas.2-3

and

complete

the

chartbelow.Result:The

watercame

from

the

river

which

had

been

polluted

by

the

dirty

water

from

London.34

35

36

3

38工

39Clue:free

beer

from

public

house29

30

31

3|

33O山Thewaterfromthepumpwastoblame.1

4multiple

deaths

happened

here.Nodeathhappened

here.PH23

22

20△wⅡNIl=3Publichouse1

空Fo26

25VA242728R1Readparas.4-5andanswerthequestions.1.WhatcausedtheoutbreakofcholerainLondonin1854ThewaterwhichcamefromtheRiverThamesandhadbeeninfectedbywaste.2.WascholeradestroyedcompletelyNo.3.HowcanwepreventcholeraBydrinkingpureorboiledwater,andeatingcleanfood.transformed

the

way

scientists

study

diseases

by

usingmapsandstatistics.4.WhatcontributionsdidJohnSnowmaketoscienceHehelpedpeopleknowhowtopreventcholera.He1.WhataretheresultsofSnow'stirelessefforts2.WhatisthesignificanceofSnow'seffortinmakingaresearchtocholeraGiveyouridea.Totheworld:2.transformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.●Toyourself:1.hisspiritsinmakingresearch;2.hisattitudetowork.thefatherofmodernepidemiologyepidemiology

[epr

dimioladsi

現(xiàn)代流行病學(xué)之父●

1.howtopreventcholera;Matchthefollowing

headerswiththe

lettersfromthe

chart

above.Write

A-E

in

the

blanks.1.conclusion

D2.evidence

C

3.process

B 4.solution

E 5.theories

AReadthe

passageagainandtellwhetherthefollowing

statements

are

true

(T)orfalse(F).1.Manypeoplediedofcholerabeforeitscausewasfdund.()

F2.Itwasafactthatcholera

spreadin

a

cloud

ofgas.()3.Whencholerabrokeoutin

1854,itspreadquickly

through

poorneighbourhoods.

()4.Thepeoplewhodrankbeerinsteadof

waterdidnoTcatch

cholera.

()5.Thewatercompanieswereaskedtostopsupplying

Tollutedwater

to

people.

()Writeoutthequestionsaccordingtotheanswers1.Q:WhatcausedcholeraaccordingtoSiowA:Snowthoughtthatcholerawascausedbygermsinfoodorwater.2.Q:Why_A:Snowhdidfnohahdkedhtheandhepofdhopednptheatoitedcouldnotbeused.3.Q:How_A:ThecholerathroatswhedbndgtedtbreakdefeatedvorkofJohnSnow.WorkingroupS1.WhatwasthemostimportanttoolSnowusedtodefeatcholeraWhatcommonmedicaltools,e.g.amicroscope,didn'theuseWhyHeusedmapsandstatisticstoanalysewherethedeathsoccurred.Hedidn'tuseamicroscope,forexample.Hedidn'ttestthewater,nordidhedrawbloodorexaminepatients.Thereasonhedidnotusemedicalequipmentsuchasamicroscopewasbecausetheydidnotexistduringhistime.Further,understandingofgermsandbacteriawasstilldeveloping,andsohehadtoinnovatemethodshimselfbasedonthetheoryhebelieved.2.HowhasJohnSnow'sworkaffectedourdailylivesSnow'sworkhasprovidedreadilyavailablecleanwatertodrink,forexample,aswellasanemphasisonhygienesuchastheneedtowashhandsaftertheybecomedirty.Healsoshowedhowtopreventcholeraepidemics,andtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases,whichhasallowedformoreprotectionfromoncecommondiseasessuchascholera.Anoutbreakofcholeraintheearlynineteenthcentury

1.

killed

millions,upsettingayoungdoctorcalledJohnSnow.Althoughhethenwassuccessfuland2.famous

,Snowneverlost

hisdesiretogetridofcholeraonce

andfor

all.Doctors

hadtwo

3.theoriesbout

thedisease.Onewasthatitwasspreadthrough

badair,theotherthroughgermsinfoodor

water.Below

isasummaryofthetextwithsomecontentmissing.Choosetheright

itemfromtheboxto

completethe

summary.Changetheform

ifnecessary.prove,kill,change,famous,sick,correct,theorySnowbelievedthesecondwas4.correct

andanoutbreak

inLondonin

1854gavehimthechanceto5.

prove

it.Usingmaps,Snowfoundthatmanyof

thedeadhad

lived

nearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet.After

showing

that

people

who

had

notdrunkfromthepumphadnot

got

6.

sick

,Snow

wasabletosaythepumpwatercarriedcholera

germs

and

had

its

usestopped.Snow'suseofmapsandstatistics7.

changedhow

scientistsstudydiseases.Heisthereforeknownasthe

father

of

modernepidemiology.prove,kill,change,famous,sick,correct,theoryDiseuSsionWhywasitJohnSnow,nototherdoctors,whodefeatedKingCholeraCanyoufindtheevidencefromthetexttosupportyouropinionWhatscientificspiritscontributedtoSnow'ssuccessHeneverlosthisdesiretodestroythedeterminedcholera.diligentambitiouspassionatetirelessstrictseriousgifted/talentedstrong-willedintelligent/smartinnovative/creativeconfidenthard-working天花：Smallpox霍亂：Cholera黑死病：Black

death瘧疾：Malaria瘟疫：Plague西班牙流感：Spanish

influenza非典：SevereAcute

RespiratorySyndromes(簡稱SARS)virus

艾滋?。篈cquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome(簡稱AIDS)黃熱?。篩ellowfever新冠：COVID-19肺結(jié)核：Pulmonary

tuberculosis

(簡稱TB)commoninfectiousdiseases埃博拉病毒：EbolaExercisesI.根據(jù)括號內(nèi)所給單詞的詞性及英文釋義，寫出該單詞的正確形

式

。1.Thisisaschoolfor

childrenwith

severe

learningdifficulties.(adj.veryserious)2.If

anyone

needs

proof

of

ProfessorQiao'sgeniusasaninventor,thisinventionisit.(n.afactorpieceof

information

whichshowsthatsomethingexists

or

is

true)3.Wemade

multiplecopies

ofthe

report.(adj.verymany

ofthesametype,orofdifferenttypes)4.A

growing

number

of

householdshave

at

least

one

computer.(n.all

the

people

who

live

together

in

one

house)5.We

would

resist

any

armed

interventi6

rom

outside

in

ourcountry'saffairs.(n.theactof

interveninginasituation)6.Oil

is

an

important

raw

material

which

can

beprocessedintomany

differentproducts,including

plastics.(adj.

not

processed)7.Wehadtroublefindinga(n)

pure

watersupply.(adj.clean

and

not

containing

anything

harmful)8.Accordingtoofficial

statisticsthediseasekilledover500

people