2022天津市高考英語(yǔ)一輪閱讀理解專(zhuān)題選練及參考答案2

閱讀下面短文，把握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Astudyhasshowedthatthebrainmakesdecisionsabout10secondsbeforeapersonrealizesit.Expertsinvolvedinthestudysaidthatlookingatbrainactivitywhilemakingadecision,theycouldpredictthechoicesthesubjectswouldmake,beforetheyrealizedthattheyhadmadeadecision.LeadresearcherJohn-DylanHaynes,aneuroscientist(神經(jīng)學(xué)家)attheMaxPlanckInstituteforHumanCognitiveandBrainSciencesinLeipzig,saidthatthenewfindingscalledintoquestionsfor“consciousness”ofdecisionsthatpeoplemake,andmightevenchallengeideasastohow“free”peoplearetomakeadecisionataparticularmoment.“Wethinkourdecisionsareconscious,butthesedatashowthatconsciousnessisjustthetipoftheiceberg,”Naturemagazinequoted(引用)himassaying.Thinkingtheresults“quitedramatic”,FrankTongofVanderbiltUniversityinNashville,Duringthestudy,thebrainsof14volunteerswereimagedastheyperformedadecision-makingtask.Thesubjectshadtwobuttonsbeforethem,eachtobeoperatedbyadifferenthand,whichtheycouldpresswhentheyfelttheurgeto.Theyweresimultaneously(同時(shí)地)shownastreamofletters,whichappearedonascreenathalf-secondintervals(間隔).Thevolunteershadtorememberwhichletterwasshowingwhentheydecidedtopresstheirbutton.Uponanalysisofthedata,theresearchersrealizedthattheearliestsignaltheycouldcatchstartedsevensecondsbeforethevolunteersreportedhavingmadetheirdecision.Giventhedelayofafewsecondsintheimaging,theyreckoned(估量)thatthebrainactivitycouldhavebegunabouttensecondsbeforetheconsciousdecision.Theresearchersshowedthatthesignalswerepickedupfromaregion(區(qū)域)calledthefrontopolarcortex(腦額極皮層),whichislocatedatthefrontofthebrain,immediatelybehindtheforehead.Whilewritingabouttheobservationsmadeduringtheresearchinhisstudyreport,Haynessaidthatthefrontopolarcortexmightbethebrainregionwheredecisionsarestarted.Healsoshowedthatthenextstepintheresearchwouldbetospeedupthedataanalysissoastoenablehisteamtopredictpeople’schoicesastheirbrainswouldmakethem.1.Thepassagetellsusthat______.A.weareawareofourwholeprocessofdecision-makingB.peopledon’tmakedecisionsuntiltheyrealizeitC.expertshavenowaytotellwhatdecisiononewillmakeD.thedecision-makingprocessstartsbeforeitismade2.Theunderlinedword“subjects”inPara.2probablyrefersto______.A.thetopicoftheexperts’researchpaperB.thescientificsubjectsthattheexpertswerestudyingC.thethingsthatexpertsdon’tknowclearlyD.thevolunteersthattheexpertsworkedonfortheirresearch3.Theunderlinedsentence“consciousnessisjustthetipoftheiceberg”inPara.4meansthat______.A.ourdecision-makingisconsciousB.thedatacontainsalotofinformationbesidesconsciousnessC.consciousnessisthemajorpartofthedataD.10secondsis“alifetime”intermsofbrainactivity4.Thefinalpurposeoftheresearch______.A.isnotstatedclearlyinthepassageB.isnotacknowledgedbyexpertsC.istoshowwheredecision-makingstartsD.istoanalyzethedatapickedup5.Thepassageimpliesthat______.A.theresearchhasbeencompletedB.theresearchwasconductedbytwoexpertsC.thedecision-makingprocesslastsonlyabout10secondsD.wemaypredictwhatdecisionspeoplewillmakeinthefuture【參考答案】1—4、DDBA閱讀理解。 YaoMinglandedintheU．S．inthesummerof2002,7-feet,6-inchesworthoffancyfootwork（花式步伐）,armedwithasoftshootingtouch．HewasthetopplayerselectedbytheHoustonRockets,whosenewactivitiesplacewouldsoonbepromotedbyToyota．TheJapanesecarmakerhadjustopenedanewplantinChina,andthecompanyexpectsthatYaofanswouldsoonbecomeCorollafans． FormanyAmericans,YaowastheirunderstandingtotheChineseeconomicengine．Hewasagovernmentproject,broughtupfromayoungageinordertoshowthenewChinatotheworld．Chinafulfilleditspromise;sincethoseunforgettabledaysof2002,throughtheBeijingOlympicsandbeyond,thecountryhasstayedonitspathtowardssuperpowerfigure．Yao,sadly,fellshort． AccordingtoanearlyreportfromYahoo!Sports,whichwasconfirmedbyseveralothernewsorganizations,Yaoisgoingtoretire．Hejustcouldn’tconquertheinjuries．AbrokenboneinhisleftfootabsencedYaoafterjustfivegameslastseason．Abrokenfootforcedhimtomissallofthe2009-2010season．Infact,duetofootandkneeinjuries,Yaoplayedinmorethan55gamesjustonceoverthepastsixseasons． PriortoYao,playersover74"wereusuallyone-skillperson．ManuteBol,at77",blockedshotsand,duringonestretch,actedasashamedthree-pointer．ShawnBradley,76",hadskills,butwasfartoogentletobeastar．Yao,however,coulddoitall．Athistop,in2006-2007,heaveraged25pointspergame．Histurnaroundjumperwasunstoppable．Hispost-passeswereusuallyonthemoney．（Ithelpswhenyoucanseeovereveryone．）Yao,whoplayedinjusteightseasons,finishedhiscareeraveraging19．0points,and9．2rebounds,pergame．HisRocketsneveradvancedfurtherthanthesecondroundoftheplayoffs（季后賽）． Whateveron-courtmilestonesYao'sbodyneverallowedhimtoachieve,hemorethanmadeupforoffthecourt．Yaowassomuchmorethanabasketballplayer．TotheChinesepublicwhoadmiredhim,hewasasymbolofhishomecountry'spossibility．YaocarriedtheChineseflagattheOlympicopeningceremonies,soakingintheloveofhiscountry．61．Toyota'spurposeofsupportingYaoisto_______． A．letYaomingmakemoney． B．a(chǎn)dvertisetheircarswidely． C．organizetheirbasketballteam． D．letYaomingdrivetheircarstogames．62．WhendidChinakeeponitsdevelopmenttosomelargecountries? A．Since2000． B．In2006． C．In2007． D．In2010．63．WhatcanIknowinthefourthparagraph? A．ManuteBolhasintegratedskills． B．Yaominghasintegratedskills． C．ShawnBradleyhasintegratedskills． D．ShawnBradleyactedasashamedthree–pointer.64．Whatcanweinferfromthefifthparagraph? A．Yaomingdidn'tachieveanylifegoals． B．Yaomingisonlyagoodbasketballplayer． C．PeopleseethestrengthofChinafromYao． D．Yaomingalwaysholdsflagsinthegame．65．Whichoneofthefollowingstatingordersisright?a．TheJapanesecarmakersupportedYaoming．b．Yaomissedmanygamesduetofootandkneeinjuries,．c．YaoheldtheChineseflagattheOlympicopening．d．YaoMingwenttotheU．S．forthefirsttime． A．c,a,b,dB．d,b,c,a C．c,b,d,a D．d,a,c,b【參考答案】BABCDPassageTwelve(ReligionandRationality)

Yetthedifferenceintomeandlanguagemuststrikeus,sosoonasitisphilosophythatspeaks:thatchangeshouldremindusthatevenifthefunctionofreligionandthatofreasoncoincide,thisfunctionisperformedinthetwocasesbyverydifferentorgans.Religionsaremany,reasonone.Religionconsistsofconsciousideas,hopes,enthusiasms,andobjectsofworship;itoperatesbygraceandflourishesbyprayer.Reason,ontheotherhand,isamereprincipleorpotentialorder,onwhichindeedwemaycometoreflectbutwhichexistsinusideallyonly,withoutvariationorstressofanykind.Weconformordonotconformtoit;itdoesnoturgeorchideus,notcallforanyemotionsonourpartotherthanthosenaturallyarousedbythevariousobjectswhichitunfoldsintheirtruenatureandproportion.Religionbringssomeorderintolifebyweightingitwithnewmaterials.Reasonaddstothenaturalmaterialsonlytheperfectorderwhichitintroducesintothem.Rationalityisnothingbutaform,anidealconstitutionwhichexperiencemaymoreorlessembody.Religionisapartofexperienceitself,amassofsentimentsandideas.Theoneisaninviolateprinciple,theotherachangingandstrugglingforce.Andyetthisstrugglingandchangingforceofreligionseemstodirectmantowardsomethingeternal.Itseemstomakeforanultimateharmonywithinthesoulandforanultimateharmonybetweenthesoulandallthatthesouldependsupon.Religion,initsintent,isamoreconsciousanddirectpursuitoftheLifeofReasonthanissociety,science,orart,fortheseapproachandfillouttheideallifetentativelyandpiecemeal,hardlyregardingthefoalorcaringfortheultimatejustificationoftheinstinctiveaims.Religionalsohasaninstinctiveandblindsideandbubblesupinallmannerofchancepracticesandintuitions;soon,however,itfeelsitswaytowardtheheartofthings,andfromwhateverquarteritmaycome,veersinthedirectionoftheultimate.

Nevertheless,wemustconfessthatthisreligiouspursuitoftheLifeofReasonhasbeensingularlyabortive.Thosewithinthepaleofeachreligionmayprevailuponthemselves,toexpresssatisfactionwithitsresults,thankstoafondpartialityinreadingthepastandgenerousdraughtsofhopeforthefuture;butanyoneregardingthevariousreligionsatonceandcomparingtheirachievementswithwhatreasonrequires,mustfeelhowterribleisthedisappointmentwhichtheyhaveoneandallpreparedformankind.Theirchiefanxietyhasbeentoofferimaginaryremediesformortalills,someofwhichareincurableessentially,whileothersmighthavebeenreallycuredbywell-directedeffort.TheGreedoracles,forinstance,pretendedtohealoutnaturalignorance,whichhasitsappropriatethoughdifficultcure,whiletheChristianvisionofheavenpretendedtobeanantidotetoournaturaldeath—theinevitablecorrelateofbirthandofachangingandconditionedexistence.Bymethodsofthissortlittlecanbedonefortherealbettermentoflife.Toconfuseintelligenceanddislocatesentimentbygratuitousfictionsisashort-sightedwayofpursuinghappiness.Natureissoonavenged.Anunhealthyexaltationandaone-sidedmoralityhavetobefollowedbyregrettablereactions.Whenthesecome.Therealrewardsoflifemayseemvaintoarelaxedvitality,andtheverynameofvirtuemayirritateyoungspiritsuntrainedinandnaturalexcellence.Thusreligiontoooftendebauchesthemoralityitcomestosanctionandimpedesthescienceitoughttofulfill.

Whatisthesecretofthisineptitude?Whydoesreligion,soneartorationalityinitspurpose,fallsoshortofitinitsresults?Theansweriseasy;religionpursuesrationalitythroughtheimagination.Whenitexplainseventsorassignscauses,itisanimaginativesubstituteforscience.Whenitgivesprecepts,insinuatesideals,orremouldsaspiration,itisanimaginativesubstituteforwisdom—Imeanforthedeliberateandimpartialpursuitofallfood.Theconditionandtheaimsoflifearebothrepresentedinreligionpoetically,butthispoetrytendstoarrogatetoitselfliteraltruthandmoralauthority,neitherofwhichitpossesses.Hencethedepthandimportanceofreligionbecomesintelligiblenolessthanitscontradictionsandpracticaldisasters.Itsobjectisthesameasthatofreason,butitsmethodistoproceedbyintuitionandbyuncheckedpoeticalconceits.

1.

Asusedinthepassage,theauthorwoulddefine“wisdom”as

[A].thepursuitofrationalitythroughimagination.

.anunemotionalsearchforthetruth.

[C].apurposefulandunbiasedquestforwhatisbest.

[D].ashort-sightedwayofpursuinghappiness

2.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

[A].Religionseeksthetruththroughimagination,reason,initssearch,utilizestheemotions.

.Religionhasprovedanineffectivetoolinsolvingman’sproblems.

[C].Scienceseeksapiecemealsolutiontoman’squestions.

[D].Thefunctionsofphilosophyandreasonarethesame.

3.

Accordingtotheauthor,sciencediffersfromreligioninthat

[A].itisunawareofultimategoals.

.itisunimaginative.

[C].itsfindingsareexactandfinal.

[D].itresemblessocietyandart.

4.

Theauthorstatesthatreligiondiffersfromrationalityinthat

[A].itreliesonintuitionratherthanreasoning.

.itisnotconcernedwiththeultimatejustificationofitsinstinctiveaims.

[C].ithasdisappointedmankind.

[D].ithasinspiredmankind.

5.

Accordingtotheauthor,thepursuitofreligionhasprovedtobe

[A].imaginative.

.aproviderofhopeforthefuture.

[C].ahighlyintellectualactivity

[D].ineffectual.

Vocabulary

1.

grace

賞賜，慈祥，感化，感思禱告

2.

chide

責(zé)怪

3.

sentiment

情感

4.

inviolate

不受侵害的，純潔的

5.

intent

意義，含義

6.

piecemeal

一件件，漸漸的，零碎的

7.

bubbleup

起泡，沸騰，興奮

8.

veer

轉(zhuǎn)變方向，轉(zhuǎn)向

9.

abortive

夭折的，失敗的，中斷的，流產(chǎn)的。

10.

pale

范圍，界限

11.

draught

要求

12.

oracle

神諭宣誓，預(yù)言，圣言

13.

antidote

解毒藥，矯正方法

14.

correlate

相互關(guān)系

15.

dislocate

使離開(kāi)原來(lái)位置，打亂正常秩序

16.

gratuitous

無(wú)償?shù)模瑳](méi)有理由的。

17.

debauch

使失落，放蕩

18.

sanction

支持，鼓舞，認(rèn)可

19.

impede

阻礙，制止

20.

ineptitude

不恰當(dāng)，無(wú)能，愚蠢

21.

insinuate

示意

22.

remould

重塑，重鑄

23.

aspiration

抱負(fù)，壯志

24.

arrogate

沒(méi)來(lái)由反把……歸于（to）

25.

literal

樸實(shí)的，字面的

26.

intelligible

可以理解的。

27.

conceit

幻想，奇想

難句譯注

1.

Yetthedifferenceintomeandlanguagemuststrikeus,sosoonasitisphilosophythatspeaks:thatchangeshouldremindusthatevenifthefunctionofreligionandthatofreasoncoincide,thisfunctionisperformedinthetwocasesbyverydifferentorgans.

[參考譯文]

可是音調(diào)和語(yǔ)言的差異必定很快的給我們深刻的印象，就象哲學(xué)所說(shuō)的那樣：那種差異應(yīng)提鄉(xiāng)我們，即使宗教的功能和理性的功能恰好相符的話(huà)，其功能也是通過(guò)不同的器官在兩種不同的狀況下完成的。

2.

Reason,ontheotherhand,isamereprincipleorpotentialorder,onwhichindeedwemaycometoreflectbutwhichexistsinusideallyonly,withoutvariationorstressofanykind.

[參考譯文]

另一方面，理性學(xué)問(wèn)一種原則或者是潛在的秩序，我們的確可以在此基礎(chǔ)上存在于我們心中，沒(méi)有種種變化，或任何壓力。

3.

Weconformordonotconformtoit;itdoesnoturgeorchideus,notcallforanyemotionsonourpartotherthanthosenaturallyarousedbythevariousobjectswhichitunfoldsintheirtruenatureandproportion.

[參考譯文]

不論我們是否遵循理性，它不會(huì)極力或責(zé)怪我們，除了以事物的原來(lái)面目和比例揭示各種事物而自然而然的激起我們的感情，它并不需要我們付出任何感情。

4.

Religion,initsintent,isamoreconsciousanddirectpursuitoftheLifeofReasonthanissociety,science,orart,fortheseapproachandfillouttheideallifetentativelyandpiecemeal,hardlyregardingthefoalorcaringfortheultimatejustificationoftheinstinctiveaims.

[參考譯文]

宗教在其意義上，比社會(huì)，科學(xué)，藝術(shù)更自覺(jué)，更直接的追求“理性生活”，由于這些東西（社會(huì)，科學(xué)，藝術(shù)）臨時(shí)而又零星的接近和填補(bǔ)抱負(fù)的生活，無(wú)視目的，也不管其本能的目標(biāo)是否最終證明正確。

5.

oneandall

各個(gè)都，全部

6.

Thosewithinthepaleofeachreligionmayprevailuponthemselves,toexpresssatisfactionwithitsresults,thankstoafondpartialityinreadingthepastandgenerousdraughtsofhopeforthefuture;butanyoneregardingthevariousreligionsatonceandcomparingtheirachievementswithwhatreasonrequires,mustfeelhowterribleisthedisappointmentwhichtheyhaveoneandallpreparedfor