23 數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)和大數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)代 - 2023年中考英語(yǔ)時(shí)事熱點(diǎn)話題題型專練

23數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)和大數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)代2023年中考英語(yǔ)時(shí)事熱點(diǎn)話題題型專練背景材料：深刻理解數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展大步邁入數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代原創(chuàng)2023-03-2810:52·\t"/article/7215424613138989623/_blank"人民網(wǎng)來(lái)源：人民網(wǎng)-理論頻道過(guò)去三十多年里，我國(guó)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)取得長(zhǎng)足發(fā)展，在總體規(guī)模、發(fā)展水平與技術(shù)能力等方面均已達(dá)到或接近全球領(lǐng)先水平。數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)是新一輪信息技術(shù)革命催生的第三種主要經(jīng)濟(jì)形態(tài)，能夠從技術(shù)、要素、創(chuàng)新、融合等多個(gè)層面促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。相對(duì)于以往以數(shù)量、規(guī)模、要素投入為主要特征的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式，數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)通過(guò)數(shù)字技術(shù)進(jìn)步、人力資本積累與資源配置優(yōu)化實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的質(zhì)量變革、效率變革、動(dòng)力變革，是一種更注重社會(huì)公平與發(fā)展成果共享的新經(jīng)濟(jì)模式。徐翔是我國(guó)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域的卓越領(lǐng)軍人才與優(yōu)秀青年作家。他的兩本最新著作《數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代：大數(shù)據(jù)與人工智能驅(qū)動(dòng)新經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展》和《數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展：網(wǎng)絡(luò)、算法與數(shù)字平臺(tái)》分別從當(dāng)下與歷史兩種不同視角出發(fā)，以手術(shù)刀般的鋒利筆觸和流暢清晰的文字表達(dá)，為我們深入剖析了數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)是如何一步步發(fā)展，成為國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的新動(dòng)能與改變?nèi)蚋?jìng)爭(zhēng)格局的關(guān)鍵力量。數(shù)字技術(shù)及數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)是推動(dòng)企業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的重要路徑。數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)代表了一種經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的新動(dòng)能，它能夠推動(dòng)以勞動(dòng)密集型、重工業(yè)為主的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)向以技術(shù)含量高、環(huán)境友好型為主的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)移。數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，通過(guò)與實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)等經(jīng)濟(jì)形態(tài)的融合、促進(jìn)普惠金融發(fā)展、激發(fā)地區(qū)創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)等途徑，引領(lǐng)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)在高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的道路上行穩(wěn)致遠(yuǎn)?！稊?shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代：大數(shù)據(jù)與人工智能驅(qū)動(dòng)新經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展》一書(shū)從大數(shù)據(jù)與人工智能這兩種數(shù)字時(shí)代的關(guān)鍵要素與核心技術(shù)入手，深入闡釋了進(jìn)入數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代后從企業(yè)到產(chǎn)業(yè)再到國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)面臨的機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn)，能夠幫助我們更好地理解與應(yīng)對(duì)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展帶來(lái)的全方位沖擊，真正實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)字化生存。除了推動(dòng)整體經(jīng)濟(jì)的高質(zhì)量發(fā)展外，數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)自身的高質(zhì)量發(fā)展也是數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)新時(shí)代的主要特征。數(shù)字技術(shù)的創(chuàng)新是數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)的核心驅(qū)動(dòng)力，而數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)的建設(shè)亟需核心技術(shù)的支撐。促進(jìn)大量平臺(tái)型企業(yè)出現(xiàn)、提高企業(yè)人力資本水平、提高企業(yè)動(dòng)態(tài)能力，以及緩解融資約束，是大數(shù)據(jù)與人工智能等數(shù)字技術(shù)推動(dòng)企業(yè)創(chuàng)新的作用機(jī)制。在數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)背景下，企業(yè)通過(guò)開(kāi)放式創(chuàng)新模式能夠從技術(shù)層面構(gòu)建更為開(kāi)放的創(chuàng)新生態(tài)。《數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展：網(wǎng)絡(luò)、算法與數(shù)字平臺(tái)》一書(shū)回歸于數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的源頭——計(jì)算機(jī)和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等數(shù)字技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)，按照“技術(shù)—經(jīng)濟(jì)—治理”的理論邏輯深入闡釋過(guò)去半個(gè)世紀(jì)從信息經(jīng)濟(jì)到知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)、再到數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展全過(guò)程，再?gòu)娜蚧暯蔷拭枋隽藝@數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)展開(kāi)的激烈國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與制度博弈，為我們提供了從人類歷史發(fā)展的高度思考數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)與策略應(yīng)對(duì)的新的分析范式。數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)的融合，其實(shí)質(zhì)便是實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)的一次轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)。黨的二十大報(bào)告指出，高質(zhì)量發(fā)展是全面建設(shè)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國(guó)家的首要任務(wù)。發(fā)展是黨執(zhí)政興國(guó)的第一要?jiǎng)?wù)。沒(méi)有堅(jiān)實(shí)的物質(zhì)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)，就不可能全面建成社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化強(qiáng)國(guó)。因此必須完整、準(zhǔn)確、全面貫徹新發(fā)展理念，堅(jiān)持社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)改革方向，堅(jiān)持高水平對(duì)外開(kāi)放，加快構(gòu)建以國(guó)內(nèi)大循環(huán)為主體、國(guó)內(nèi)國(guó)際雙循環(huán)相互促進(jìn)的新發(fā)展格局。在新的歷史方位上，數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)與實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)的融合在人民的需求、供給以及供需平衡三方面都發(fā)揮著不容忽視的作用。加強(qiáng)數(shù)據(jù)互通合作、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新合作、產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展合作和數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)治理合作是實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)背景下高質(zhì)量的國(guó)際合作的重要路徑。《數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代：大數(shù)據(jù)與人工智能驅(qū)動(dòng)新經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展》和《數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展：網(wǎng)絡(luò)、算法與數(shù)字平臺(tái)》的學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值自然不言而喻，我相信這兩本書(shū)的實(shí)踐價(jià)值與現(xiàn)實(shí)意義也會(huì)隨著我國(guó)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的不斷推進(jìn)而進(jìn)一步凸顯。(作者系清華大學(xué)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)思想與實(shí)踐研究院常務(wù)副院長(zhǎng))一、閱讀單選AThenumberofpeoplewhohavediedworldwideintheCVID-19pandemic（新冠肺炎疫情）haspassedthreemillion,accordingtoJohnsHopkinsUniversity（約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)）.Themilestone（轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)）comesthedayaftertheheadoftheWHO（世衛(wèi)組織）warnedtheworldwas“Reachingthehighestrateofinfection”（最高感染率）sofar.Indiaexperiencingasecondwaverecordedmorethan230,000newcases（病例）onSaturdayalone.Morethan140millioncaseshavebeenrecordedallovertheworldsincethepandemicbegan.WHOchiefDr.TedroswarnedonFridaythat“casesanddeathsarecontinuingtoincreaseatworryingspeeds”.Headdedthat“Allovertheworld,thenumberofnewcaseseveryweekhasnearlydoubledoverthepasttwomonths”.TheUS,IndiaandBrazil,thecountrieswiththemostrecordedcases,haveaccountedformorethanamilliondeathsbetweenthem,accordingtoJohnsHopkinsUniversity.Lastweek,anaverage（平均）of12,000deathsadayreportedaroundtheworld,accordingtonewsagencyAFP.However,officialfiguresworldwide（世界官方數(shù)據(jù)）maynotfullyreflectthetruenumberinmanycountries.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。1．HowmanypeoplehavediedallovertheworldaccordingtoJohnsHopkinsUniversity?A．Morethan3,000,000. B．Lessthan3,000,000. C．Morethan30,000,000. D．Lessthan30,000,000.2．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisRICHT?A．AccordingtoJohnsHopkinsUniversity,theworldwasreachingthehighestrateofinfection.B．Indiaexperiencingasecondwaverecordedmorethan230,000newcasesonlyinoneday.C．Morethan140millioncaseshavebeenrecordedalloverIndiasincethepandemicbegan.D．Dr.TedrosistheheadofJohnsHopkinsUniversity.3．Whichcountrieshasthemostinfections?A．TheUK,theUS.andIndia. B．Brazil,theUK.andIndia.C．Brazil,theUS.andIndia. D．Britain,theUSandBrazil.4．Thelastparagraphmainlytellsusthat________.A．therewillbethemostdeathsallovertheworldsoonB．therewerethemostdeathslastweekallovertheworldC．officialfiguresworldwidemayreflectlagernumberofdeathsinmanycountriesD．officialfiguresworldwidemayreflectsmallernumberofdeathsinmanycountries5．Whichshouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．TheCOVID-19pandemicisincontrolallovertheword.B．HowtopoetourselvesintheCOVID19pandemic.C．ThecauseoftheCOVID-19pandemic.D．TheCOVID-19pandemicisstillseriousinsomecountries.【短文大意】本文介紹了世界各地新型冠狀病毒疫情的情況?！敬鸢附馕觥?．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ThenumberofpeoplewhohavediedworldwideintheCVID-19pandemic（新冠肺炎疫情）haspassedthreemillion,accordingtoJohnsHopkinsUniversity（約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)）.”可知，根據(jù)約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)的數(shù)據(jù)，全球范圍內(nèi)死于新冠肺炎疫情的人數(shù)已超過(guò)300萬(wàn)。故選A。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Indiaexperiencingasecondwaverecordedmorethan230,000newcases（病例）onSaturdayalone.”可知，印度也經(jīng)歷了第二次疫情，一天內(nèi)新增病例超過(guò)23萬(wàn)例。故選B。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TheUS,IndiaandBrazil,thecountrieswiththemostrecordedcases,haveaccountedformorethanamilliondeathsbetweenthem,accordingtoJohnsHopkinsUniversity”可知，感染人數(shù)最多的國(guó)家有：巴西、美國(guó)和印度。故選C。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“However,officialfiguresworldwide（世界官方數(shù)據(jù)）maynotfullyreflectthetruenumberinmanycountries.”可知，然而，世界各地的官方數(shù)字可能不能完全反映許多國(guó)家的真實(shí)數(shù)字，因此世界各地的官方數(shù)字可能反映許多國(guó)家的死亡人數(shù)較少，故選D。5．標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)“Themilestone（轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)）comesthedayaftertheheadoftheWHO（世衛(wèi)組織）warnedtheworldwas“Teachingthehighestrateofinfection”（最高感染率）sofar.”和“TheUS,IndiaandBrazil,thecountrieswiththemostrecordedcases,haveaccountedformorethanamilliondeathsbetweenthem,accordingtoJohnsHopkinsUniversity”可知，本文主要介紹了新型冠狀病毒疫情在一些國(guó)家更嚴(yán)重，故選D。BIntoday’sclimate,industriesoftentalkaboutthenewpopularwordofthisage,bigdata.Bigdatareferstodataingeneral,mostlyunorganizedandunstructured.Theuseofbigdatahashugepotential(潛力)forvariousindustries,healthcareincluded.FacebookandAmazon,forexample,usebigdatafortheirdigitalstructurestomatchcustomerswiththeirinterests.SomeexpertsindiscussingbigdatahavedescribeditasthefourVs:Volumereferringtoalargeamountofdata;Velocityreferringtothetimelygenerationofdata;Varietyreferringtothemanyformsofdata;Veracityreferringtothequalityofthedata.Someresearchersdiscussedthepotentialofbigdatainmedicinerecently.Forexample,bigdatacanbeusedtoimprovedecision-makingwhencombined(結(jié)合)withothernewtechnologylikeartificialintelligence(AI).Itispossiblethatbigdatacancombineclinical(臨床的)characteristics,lifestyleandenvironmentalfactorswithAIinfutureclinicaltesting.However,thisremainsjustadaydreamatthepresentmoment.Sofar,allbigdatatechniquesaremainlydescriptive.Inthefuture,withadvancedcomputationalpower,usingbigdatainmedicineispromising.However,bigdataalsohasitslimitations,andthereareseverallessonswemustlearnbeforeusingiteffectively.First,bigdataisneverwell-managedandcomeswithalargedegreeofmess.Thus,selectingthecorrecttechnologywithhumanpowertomanagebigdataisofimportance.Second,analytic(短文大意的)companiescanmisinterpret(誤解)bigdatabyusingincorrectresearchquestionstotesttheirguessesorusingthewrongtooltoanalyzetherelateddata,resultingindeliveringfalsemessages.Surgisphere,anAmericananalyticcompany,isatypicalexampleofwhatcangowrongthroughtheanalysisofbigdata.Surgispherestatedthatitcollecteddatafromover1000hospitalsworldwide.Althoughthisispossibleandnewtechnologycancompletethistaskwithminimalhumanresources,itisdifficultthatthisdatacanbewell-managed.Inaddition,healthcaredataischallengingtoworkwith,asthecombiningofelectronicmedicalrecordsanddataprivacyaremajorproblems.AnotherexampleistheCambridgeanalyticcase(案例),wheredatagotfromFacebookwasusedwithoutpermission.Whenproperlyused,bigdatacanbeagame-changerforvariousindustries,includingthehealthcareindustry.Thisrequireswell-manageddata,relatedresearchquestions,appropriateanalytictools,andadvancedcomputationalpowers.Inthewronghands,bigdatacanbeabigthreatthatcanbringindustriesintodisorderasawhole.6．Accordingtothepassage,FacebookandAmazonusebigdatato________.A．setuptheirhealthcareindustry B．correcttheirdigitalstructuresC．meetcustomers’preferences D．increasetheamountofdata7．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Bigdatainme?icinecanbeusedwellwithimprovedcomputationalpower.B．Medicalrecordsanddataprivacyarewell-managedinhealthcare.C．ThedatawasmisleadingintheCambridgeanalyticcase.D．Amazonusedtherelateddatawithoutfalsemessages.8．Whatisthewriter’smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A．Toquestionwhetherthedatacompaniescanhelptoimprovedecision-making.B．Toshowindustriescanbenefitfrombigdatatechnologywithitsproperuse.C．Toprovedatacanbefullydependedonwithadvancedanalytictools.D．Toexplainwhypeoplecanmakefulluseofbigdatatechnology·9．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．BigData:AGame-changerB．BigData:ANewPopularWordC．BigData:ACoinwithTwoSidesD．BigData:ANewAgeforMedicine【短文大意】本文介紹了大數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的用處以及它的局限性?！敬鸢附馕觥?．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“FacebookandAmazon,forexample,usebigdatafortheirdigitalstructurestomatchcustomerswiththeirinterests”可知，亞馬遜和臉書(shū)使用大數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)滿足客戶的偏好，故選C。7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Inthefuture,withadvancedcomputationalpower,usingbigdatainmedicineispromising”可知，等有了先進(jìn)的計(jì)算能力，大數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用于醫(yī)學(xué)很有前途，故選A。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Whenproperlyused,bigdatacanbeagame-changerforvariousindustries,includingthehealthcareindustry”可知，作者寫(xiě)本文的目的是想告訴讀者各行業(yè)可以從大數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù)的合理利用中受益，故選B。9．最佳標(biāo)題。根據(jù)“Whenproperlyused,bigdatacanbeagame-changerforvariousindustries,includingthehealthcareindustry”及“Inthewronghands,bigdatacanbeabigthreatthatcanbringindustriesintodisorderasawhole”及全文的描述可知，本文主要介紹了大數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的用處以及它的局限性，如果合理利用，很多領(lǐng)域都會(huì)從中受益，如果錯(cuò)誤使用，大數(shù)據(jù)就會(huì)是一個(gè)巨大的威脅，C選項(xiàng)“大數(shù)據(jù)——硬幣的兩面性”符合，故選C。CFiveyearsisarathershorttimeinthelonghistoryofChina.Butfordigital(數(shù)字的)development,alotofchangeshavetakenplaceinmanyaspectsofourlife.Nowadays,it’snormalforpeopletocommunicateonWeChat,themostpopularmobilesocialmediaplatforminChina.Peopletakelesscash(現(xiàn)金)withthembecausemostofthestoresandhotelsacceptWeChatPayandAlipay.InChina,holdingamobilephonemeanshavingtheworldinyourhands.Youcanshop,travel,communicate,havefunbyusingamobilephone,andallofthesetaskscanbecompletedwithafewfingertaps.Withoutmobilephones,lifewouldseemdull.Bytheendof2016,therewere695millionmobilephoneusersinChina,anincreaseof12percentonyear—on—yearbasis.TheaveragemobileInternetdatatrafficreached172megabytespermonth,whichwasfarmorethantheglobalaverage.Atthetwosessions(兩會(huì)),PremierLiKeqiangpointedoutthatin2017thespeedofmobilenetworkwouldbeincreasedandthecostwouldbereducedgreatly.Mobileratesfordomesticroaming(國(guó)內(nèi)漫游)andlongdistancecallswouldbecancelled(取消).Meanwhile,theTD-LTE4GcommunicationtechnologydevelopedmainlyinChinahasbeenacceptedandwidelyusedacrosstheworld.In2020,China’s5Gnetworkisinservice.IthelpsChina’smobiletelecommunicationovertake(反超)theinternationalcommunity’s.10．Peopletakelesscashwiththembecause_________.A．cashisn’tusefulanymore B．it’seasiertouseonlinepaybymobilephoneC．manystoresrefusecash D．onlinepayisusedinallstoresandhotels11．Byusingamobilephone,youcandomanythingsEXCEPT________.A．orderingsomethingtoeat B．chattingwithfriendsC．playinggames D．cookingsomethingdelicious12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dull”meaninParagraph3?A．Interesting. B．Amazing. C．Boring. D．Exciting.13．Accordingtothepassage,weknowthat_________.A．ThecostofusingmobilephonesislowerB．thespeedofmobilenetworksloweddownC．ChineseuserswillmakephonecallsforfreeinthefutureD．theusingofmobilephoneswascancelled14．Whichoneistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Peoplecan’tlivewithoutmobilephones.B．Thespeedofmobilenetworkandthecostwouldbeincreasedgreatly.C．TheTD—LTE4GcommunicationtechnologyisonlyusedinChina.D．China’s5Gnetworkhasalreadybeeninservice.【短文大意】本文介紹了中國(guó)數(shù)字化的發(fā)展，數(shù)字化給中國(guó)人民的生活帶來(lái)非常大的便利，中國(guó)也在促進(jìn)5G通信技術(shù)的發(fā)展?！敬鸢附馕觥?0．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Peopletakelesscash(現(xiàn)金)withthembecausemostofthestoresandhotelsacceptWeChatPayandAlipay.”可知，由于大多數(shù)商店和酒店接受微信支付和支付寶支付，所以人們隨身攜帶的現(xiàn)金較少了。由此說(shuō)明用手機(jī)在線支付更方便（比使用現(xiàn)金方便）。故選B。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第三段第二句“Youcanshop…fingertaps.”可知，你可以利用手機(jī)購(gòu)物，旅行，交流，娛樂(lè)，所有的活動(dòng)只需用手指點(diǎn)擊幾下。文中沒(méi)有提到利用手機(jī)能做飯。由此判斷通過(guò)使用手機(jī)，你可以做很多事情除了烹飪美味的東西。故選D。12．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容“Youcanshop,travel,communicate,havefunbyusingamobilephone,andallofthesetaskscanbecompletedwithafewfingertaps”可知，有了手機(jī)可以做很多事情。由此推測(cè)沒(méi)有了手機(jī)，人們的生活不可能是“有趣的，“令人驚奇的”，“刺激的”，只能是“無(wú)聊的”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容“Atthetwosessions…longdistancecallswouldbecancelled.”可知，在兩會(huì)上，李克強(qiáng)總理指出，2017年移動(dòng)的速度網(wǎng)絡(luò)將會(huì)提高，成本將會(huì)大大降低。國(guó)內(nèi)漫游費(fèi)和長(zhǎng)途電話費(fèi)將被取消。由此說(shuō)明，使用手機(jī)的成本更低了。故選A。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“In2020,China’s5Gnetworkisinservice.IthelpsChina’smobiletelecommunicationovertake(反超)theinternationalcommunity’s”可知，在2020年，中國(guó)的5G網(wǎng)絡(luò)投入使用。它幫助中國(guó)的移動(dòng)通信反超國(guó)際社會(huì)。由此推斷選項(xiàng)D“中國(guó)的5G網(wǎng)絡(luò)已經(jīng)投入使用?！闭_。故選D。DTheSwedishcarmakerVolvoannouncedthatitwouldonlymakeelectriccarsby2030.VolvoisknownasaSwedishcarmaker,butit’sbeenownedbyaChinesecompanysince2010.Volvoisthesecondlargecarcompanytosayitwillstopmakingtraditionalengines(發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)).InJanuary,AmericancarmakerGeneralMotorssaiditwouldonlymakeelectriccarsby2035.HenrikGreenisVolvo’schieftechnologyofficer.Hesaid:“thereisnolong-termfuture”forcarswithtraditionalengines.IfyouwanttobuyoneoftheseVolvosinaboutnineyears,youwillhavetomakeyourorderonline.However,theVolvostoreswillremaininplacesocustomerscanlookatcarsandhavethemrepaired.Volvosaiditplannedtoshowanewelectriccar.Thecompanyhopesthatwithinfouryears,halfofitssalesaroundtheworldwillcomefromelectriccars.Theotherhalfwillcomefromcarsknownashybrids(混合動(dòng)力).Hybridcarsusebothbatteries(電池)andtraditionalenginestomovethecar.GreensaidthemovetoelectriccarswouldhelpVolvo“meettheexpectationsofourcustomersandfightairpollution”.Astechnologyimprovesandgovernmentstrytocutdownpollution,morecarmakerslikeVolvoareincreasingproductionofelectriccars.However,Americanscontinuetobuymorecarspoweredbytraditionalengines.OnlyabouttwopercentofthecarssoldlastyearintheU.S.wereelectric.Aroundtheworld,about2-and-a-halfmillionelectriccarsweresoldlastyearandindustryanalysts(短文大意師)expectthattoincreaseby70percentin2021.Volvosoldabout660,000carsworldwidelastyear.One-sixthofthecompany’ssalescameintheU.S.15．ThecarmakerVolvobelongstoa(an)________companynow.A．Swedish B．German C．Chinese D．American16．WhywillVolvostopmakingtraditionalcars?Because________.A．electriccarsareeasiertomake B．customerswillpreferelectriccarsC．traditionalcarsmakelessmoney D．GeneralMotorswillmakeelectriccars17．Whichstatementistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Traditionalcarswillnotbeboughtinnineyears.B．Electriccarsandhybridscarsmakenoairpollution.C．Volvoisthefirsttoannouncetostopmakingtraditionalcars.D．Hybridscarsarepoweredbybatteriesandtraditionalengines.18．________carsweremorepopularintheU.S.lastyear.A．Thehybrid B．Thetraditional C．Theelectric D．Thebattery19．Accordingtotheindustryanalysts,howmanyelectriccarswillbesoldin2021?A．About250,000 B．About430,000 C．About660,000 D．About700,000【短文大意】文章介紹了隨著技術(shù)的進(jìn)步和環(huán)保的考慮，越來(lái)越多的汽車制造商，如沃爾沃等，正在增加電動(dòng)汽車的生產(chǎn)，未來(lái)電動(dòng)汽車將占主要地位?！敬鸢附馕觥?5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“VolvoisknownasaSwedishcarmaker,butit’sbeenownedbyaChinesecompanysince2010.”可知，沃爾沃是一家瑞典汽車制造商，但自2010年以來(lái)一直為一家中國(guó)公司所有。故選C。16．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“GreensaidthemovetoelectriccarswouldhelpVolvo“meettheexpectationsofourcustomersandfightairpollution”.”可知，沃爾沃汽車制造商即將停止傳統(tǒng)的引擎汽車制造轉(zhuǎn)向電動(dòng)汽車，將有助于沃爾沃“滿足客戶的期望，并與空氣污染作斗爭(zhēng)”，故選B。17．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Hybridcarsusebothbatteries(電池)andtraditionalenginestomovethecar.”可知，混合動(dòng)力汽車使用電池和傳統(tǒng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)汽車。故選D。18．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“However,Americanscontinuetobuymorecarspoweredbytraditionalengines.OnlyabouttwopercentofthecarssoldlastyearintheU.S.wereelectric.”可知，美國(guó)人繼續(xù)購(gòu)買更多由傳統(tǒng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)的汽車。傳統(tǒng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)的汽車會(huì)更受歡迎，故選B。19．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Aroundtheworld,about2-and-a-halfmillionelectriccarsweresoldlastyearandindustryanalysts(短文大意師)expectthattoincreaseby70percentin2021.”可知，在全球范圍內(nèi)，去年電動(dòng)汽車銷量約為250萬(wàn)輛，行業(yè)短文大意師預(yù)計(jì)，2021年電動(dòng)汽車銷量將增長(zhǎng)70%，也就是會(huì)在原有的約250萬(wàn)輛的基礎(chǔ)上增加70%（175輛），也就是大約430萬(wàn)輛，故選B。EScientistshavelongpredictedthatwarmertemperaturescausedbyclimate（氣候）changewillhavethebiggestinfluenceontheworld’spoorestpeople.Newresearchnowsuggeststhathasalreadyhappenedoverthepastyears.AstudycomingoutintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencefoundthatinmostpoorcountries,highertemperaturesaremorethan90%likelytohaveresultedinafallineconomicoutput（經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)量）,comparedtoaworldwithoutglobal（全球的）warming.Theinfluencehasbeenlessbiginrichercountries—withsomeevenbenefiting（獲益）fromhighertemperatures.“We’renotsayingthatglobalwarmingcreatedinequality（不公平）,”saysNoahS.Diffenbaugh,thewriterofthestudyandaprofessoratStanfordUniversitywhostudiesclimatechange.But“globalwarminghassloweddowntheimprovement”.Thepoorestcountriesarefacingtheworstinfluenceofrisingtemperatures—forwhichtheyareleastresponsible,headds.Thenewstudybuildsonpastresearch.A2015studyinthejournalNaturepredictedthattheaverageincome（平均收入））inthepoorestcountrieswillbe25%lowerby2100comparedtoaworldwithoutwarming,whilesomeoftherichestcountries—liketheUSA—couldexperienceanincreaseinincome.AndareportfromIPCC,theUN’sclimatesciencebody,showedthatifglobaltemperaturesrisemorethan1.5℃bytheendofthecentury,poorcountrieswilllikelyfaceveryseriouschallenges,includingthedisappearanceofwholecommunitiesandmillionsofearlydeaths.“Theywillsufferthemost,astheyarealready,”saidMaryRobinson,whousedtobeaUNSpecialEnvoyonClimateChangeandapresidentofIreland.Theinfluenceisgreaterelsewhere,especiallyinSub-Saharan,AfricancountriesincludingSudan,BurkinaFasoandNiger,whereclimatechangehasdriventheaverageincomemorethan20%lower.“Thereareanumberofwaysbywhichtemperatureinfluenceseconomicactivities,”saysDiffenbaughWhat’sclearisthat,forpoorcountries,thenewsisallbad.20．Accordingtothetext,warmertemperatures________.A．a(chǎn)remainlycausedbypoorcountries B．maybringadvantagestorichcountriesC．hadnoinfluenceontheworldbefore D．canimprovethepoorestpeople’shealth21．Whatdoes“suffer”underlinedinParagraph4mostprobablymeaninChinese?A．供應(yīng) B．猶豫 C．遭受 D．謀利22．Whichofthefollowingwillfacegreateconomicproblemscausedbyclimatechange?A．TheUN. B．TheUSA． C．Ireland. D．BurkinaFaso.23．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Climatechangewillmakepoorcountriespoorer. B．Wemusttakeactiontodealwithclimatechange.C．Climatechangecancausemillionsofearlydeaths. D．Peoplemakegoodpredictionsaboutclimatechange.24．Fromwhichisthetextmostprobablytaken?A．Ageographytextbook. B．Ahealthmagazine.C．Aresearchpaper. D．Astorybook.【短文大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講述了氣溫升高會(huì)對(duì)貧窮國(guó)家造成重大影響，使他們更加貧窮?！敬鸢附馕觥?0．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theinfluencehasbeenlessbiginrichercountries—withsomeevenbenefiting（獲益）fromhighertemperatures.”可知，在較富裕的國(guó)家，氣候變化的影響較小，有些國(guó)家甚至從高溫中獲益。所以，氣溫升高可能會(huì)給富裕國(guó)家?guī)?lái)好處。故選B。21．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞后句“astheyarealready.”以及前文“poorcountrieswilllikelyfaceveryseriouschallenges,includingthedisappearanceofwholecommunitiesandmillionsofearlydeaths.”可知，貧窮國(guó)家很可能面臨非常嚴(yán)重的挑戰(zhàn)，包括整個(gè)社區(qū)的消失和數(shù)百萬(wàn)人的過(guò)早死亡。所以，貧窮國(guó)家會(huì)遭受氣溫升高所帶來(lái)的影響。畫(huà)線詞suffer意為“遭受”，故選C。22．細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)“Theinfluenceisgreaterelsewhere,especiallyinsub-Saharan,Africandriventheaverageincomemorethan20%lower.”可知，布基納法索（非洲國(guó)家）將面臨由氣候變化引起的重大經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題。故選D。23．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Scientistshavelongpredictedthatwarmertemperaturescausedbyclimate（氣候）changewillhavethebiginfluenceontheworld'spoorestpeople.”以及通讀全文可知，本文主要講述了氣溫升高會(huì)對(duì)貧窮國(guó)家造成重大影響，使他們更加貧窮。故選A。24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Scientistshavelongpredictedthatwarmertemperaturescausedbyclimate（氣候）changewillhavethebiginfluenceontheworld'spoorestpeople.Newresearchnowsuggeststhathasalreadyhappenedoverthepastyears.”可知，科學(xué)家們?cè)缇皖A(yù)測(cè)，氣候變化導(dǎo)致的氣溫升高將對(duì)世界上最貧窮的人產(chǎn)生重大影響。新的研究表明，這種情況在過(guò)去幾年已經(jīng)發(fā)生了。本文最有可能來(lái)源于一篇研究論文。故選C。二、閱讀回答問(wèn)題請(qǐng)閱讀下面這篇文章，根據(jù)所提供的信息，回答5個(gè)問(wèn)題，要求所寫(xiě)答案語(yǔ)法正確，語(yǔ)義完整，并把答案寫(xiě)在答題卡指定的位置?！癈learyourplate.Saynotowaste.”Itmeansdonotwasteagrainoffood.Foodwastehasbecomeabigproblemthesedays.AccordingtotheUnitedNations,1.3billiontonsoffoodiswastedeveryyear—that’saboutathirdoftheworld’stotalfood.InChinaalonetherestaurantswasted17to18milliontonsoffoodayearfrom2013to2015.Thatcouldfeed30to50millionpeopleforawholeyear.Toreducethewaste,Peoplehavetakenmeasurestocontrolfoodwaste.InShaanxiprovince,restaurantswereaskedtoservehalfportions（半份）toavoidwaste.TheWuhanCateringAssociation（餐飲協(xié)會(huì)）suggestedthatrestaurantsusethe“N-1mode”.Forexample,agroupof10dinersshouldonlyorderenoughforninepeopleatfirst.Ifpeoplecan’tfinishtheirmeals,theyarealsoencouragedtotaketheleftovers（剩菜）home.OnWeChat,amini-programcalled“ClearPlate”invitespeopletoexchangepicturesoftheiremptyplatesforcreditpoints（信用分）.Peoplecanusethecredittobuythingsorgivefoodtochildreninpoorareas.“Wehopeoureffortscanstartanewtrendamongtheyoungergeneration,encouragingthemtocarryoutthevirtue（美德）ofcherishingfoodanddevelopingthehabitofthrift,”saidLiuJichen,developerofthemini-program.25．Whatdoes“Clearyourplate.Saynotowaste.”mean?___________________________________________________________________________26．HowmuchfoodiswastedeveryyearaccordingtotheUnitedNations?___________________________________________________________________________27．WhydidtherestaurantsinShaanxiservehalfportionstotheircustomers?___________________________________________________________________________28．Wherecanthepeoplein“ClearPlate”exchangepictures?___________________________________________________________________________29．WhatdoesLiuJichenencouragetheyoungergenerationtodo?___________________________________________________________________________【短文大意】文章介紹了為了避免食物的浪費(fèi)，不同地區(qū)采取的“光盤(pán)行動(dòng)”的具體做法及表現(xiàn)形式。【答案解析】25．根據(jù)“Itmeansdonotwasteagrainoffood.”可知，“光盤(pán)行動(dòng)”的意思是不要浪費(fèi)一粒糧食。故填I(lǐng)tmeansdonotwasteagrainoffood.26．根據(jù)“AccordingtotheUnitedNations,1.3billiontonsoffoodiswastedeveryyear—that’saboutathirdoftheworld’stotalfood.”可知，據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)統(tǒng)計(jì)，每年有13億噸食物被浪費(fèi)，故填Thereis1.3billiontonsoffoodiswastedeveryyearaccordingtotheUnitedNations.27．根據(jù)“Toreducethewaste,Peoplehavetakenmeasurestocontrolfoodwaste.InShaanxiprovince,restaurantswereaskedtoservehalfportions（半份）toavoidwaste.”可知，在陜西省，餐館被要求提供一半的食物是為了避免食物浪費(fèi)。故填Becausetheywantedtoavoidwaste/reducewaste.28．根據(jù)“OnWeChat,amini-programcalled“ClearPlate”invitespeopletoexchangepicturesoftheiremptyplatesforcreditpoints（信用分）.”可知，在微信上，有一個(gè)名為“清空盤(pán)子”的小程序邀請(qǐng)人們交換空盤(pán)子的照片以獲得積分，故填OnWeChat。29．根據(jù)““Wehopeoureffortscanstartanewtrendamongtheyoungergeneration,encouragingthemtocarryoutthevirtue（美德）ofcherishingfoodanddevelopingthehabitofthrift,”saidLiuJichen,developerofthemini-program.”可知，劉季晨希望在年輕一代中掀起一股新的潮流，鼓勵(lì)他們發(fā)揚(yáng)珍惜食物的美德，養(yǎng)成節(jié)儉的習(xí)慣，故題Heencouragesthemtocarryoutthevirtueofcherishingfoodanddevelopingthehabitofthrift.三、短文選詞填空A．consider,B．familiar,C．common,D．servious,E.seemsPhonecallsarenolongertheeverydayhabittheyoncewere.Thedevelopmentofdigitaltechnologiesoverthepasttwentyyearsmeansit’sno