第07講 動名詞與分詞 課件中考英語復(fù)習(xí)

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動名詞與分詞中考英語復(fù)習(xí)英語01考情透視·目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航02知識導(dǎo)圖·思維引航03考點(diǎn)突破·考法探究04分層訓(xùn)練·鞏固提升目錄CONTENTS考點(diǎn)課標(biāo)要求考查頻次命題預(yù)測動名詞掌握動名詞的作用，在句子中充當(dāng)名詞的角色，可以有復(fù)數(shù)形式和所有格?？梢宰鳛橹髡Z、賓語、表語和定語等。10年10考?現(xiàn)在分詞掌握現(xiàn)在分詞在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂語，具有形容詞的特性。在句中作定語、表語、狀語和補(bǔ)語，有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。10年10考過去分詞?掌握過去分詞表示有關(guān)被動的或者是已完成的動作。過去分詞在句中不可作謂語，可以作定語、表語、賓語、補(bǔ)語或狀、語。?近10年連續(xù)考查

考情透視·目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航分析近年中考真題可知，中考在命題考查加重對非謂語動詞知識點(diǎn)運(yùn)用與長難句的考查，對非謂語動詞的各種形式，結(jié)合語態(tài)進(jìn)行綜合設(shè)題，側(cè)重動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。知識導(dǎo)圖·思維引航動名詞：主要起到名詞的作用，可以有復(fù)數(shù)形式和所有格。動名詞

動名詞與分詞作賓語—Ilikeswimming.作主語—walkingisgoodexercise.

作表語—seeingisbelieving.作定語—awakingstick現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞：主要描述動作的進(jìn)行狀態(tài)或事物的性質(zhì)與狀態(tài)。作狀語—BypracticingeverydayyouwillimproveyourEnglishquckly.作定語—ThecryingboyisJim.作表語—Thebookisinteresting.作補(bǔ)語—Hecamehomesinginganddancing.構(gòu)成形式—done特點(diǎn)—沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，具有動詞的基本特征，在句中不可作謂語。作定語—Lookatthefallenleaves.

作表語—Thestructurestaysclosedtoprotectplants.作補(bǔ)語—Aliarcan’tmakehimselfbelieved.作狀語—Frightenedbythedog,thelittlegirldarednotgooutalone.考點(diǎn)突破·考法探究考點(diǎn)1：動名詞

由“動詞原形（do）＋-ing”構(gòu)成，其形式與現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成相同，否定形式為“not＋動詞原形＋-ing”。動名詞既有動詞的特征，又有名詞的特征，可以在句子中充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語和定語。動名詞動名詞的特征具有動詞的特征可帶賓語：在動名詞短語中，動名詞可像動詞一樣支配賓語。Ienjoyreading

books.我喜歡讀書?？杀桓痹~修飾：動名詞也能被副詞修飾，來表示動作的方式、程度等。Heisgoodatquicklysolvingproblems.他擅長快速地解決問題。具有名詞的特征可作主語：Runningisgoodforyourhealth.跑步對你的健康有好處?？勺髻e語：Ilikedancing.

我喜歡跳舞?？杀恍稳菰~修飾：Quietreadingisagoodhabit.安靜地閱讀是個好習(xí)慣。動名詞的用法作主語A作表語B作定語C動名詞放在句首作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Readingisanart.閱讀是一項技能。多數(shù)情況下，動名詞作表語可轉(zhuǎn)換成作主語。Hishobbyisswimming.他的愛好是游泳。作定語時，表其所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等，放在被修飾詞之前。Ourcountryisadevelopingcountry.我們國家是一個發(fā)展中國家。作賓語D①Ifinishedreadingthebooklastnight.我昨晚讀完了這本書。（作動詞賓語）②Ayoungmanmadealivingbysellingfrieddoughsticks.一個年輕人靠在市場上賣油條謀生。（作介詞賓語）動詞后只接動名詞作賓語consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse/pardon;

考慮建議盼原諒；admit,delay/putoff,fancy;

承認(rèn)推遲沒得想；avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practise;

避免錯過繼續(xù)練；deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate;

否認(rèn)完成就欣賞；forbid,imagine,risk;

禁止想象才冒險；can’thelp,mind,allow/permit,escape;

不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡；動名詞的用法這些動詞所表達(dá)的語義和動作特點(diǎn)與動名詞的“動作性”和“名詞性”相結(jié)合的特點(diǎn)相契合，動名詞在這些語境中能夠更好地體現(xiàn)動作的持續(xù)、抽象概念或者一種習(xí)慣。considerI'mconsideringchangingmyjob.denyHedeniedstealingthemoney.suggest/adviseThedoctorsuggestedtakingmoreexercise.finishHaveyoufinishedwritingthereport?lookforwardtoI'mlookingforwardtoseeingyousoon.enjoy/appreciateIenjoylisteningtomusic.excuse/pardonPardonmyasking,butwheredidyougetthatinformation?forbidTheschoolforbidsusingmobilephonesduringclass.admitHeadmittedbreakingthewindow.imagineIcan'timaginelivingwithouttheInternet.delay/putoffTheyputoffhavingthemeetinguntilnextweek.riskHeriskedlosinghisjobbyspeakingout.fancyIdon'tfancygoingouttonight.can’thelpIcan'thelplaughingwhenIseehim.avoidShealwaysavoidstalkingaboutherpast.mindWouldyoumindopeningthewindow?missImisslivinginthecountryside.allow/permitTheydon'tpermitparkinghere.keep/keeponShekeptworkinguntilmidnight.escapeHenarrowlyescapedbeingkilledintheaccident.practiseYoushouldpractisespeakingEnglisheveryday.中考常見后接動名詞的動詞例句Iamusedtogettingupearly.

Hiscarelessnessledtomakingabigmistake.Shedevotesherselftohelpingthepoor.Hestickstopracticingthepianoeveryday.Theyobjectedtochangingtheplan.It'stimetogetdowntopreparingfortheexam.Pleasepayattentiontowritingyournameclearly.Ican'tstandlisteningtoloudmusic.Hegaveupsmokinglastyear.Ifeellikehavingacupofcoffee.Sheinsistsongoingtothepartyalone.Weputoffhavingthesportsmeeting

becauseoftherain.Ihavetroubleunderstandingthismathproblem.Shespenttwohoursincleaningtheroom.Thereisnosenseinarguingwithhim.Wehadawonderfultimeinskiing.Thestudentsarebusyinpreparingforthefinalexams.beusedto,leadto,devoteto,stickto,objectto,getdownto,payattentionto,can’tstand,giveup,feellike,insiston,putoff,havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.；spend...(in)doingsth.；Thereisnopoint/sense(in)doingsth.;haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in);bebust(in)等動詞詞組也要接動名詞作賓語。動名詞作介詞賓語動名詞除了可以作動詞的賓語外，還可以作介詞的賓語，下列動詞詞組后接動名詞作賓語。remembertodosth.記住去做某事rememberdoingsth.記得曾經(jīng)做過某事Pleaseremembertobringyourtextbooktomorrow.Iremember

readingthisbookinmychildhood.stoptodosth.停下來去做另一件事stopdoingsth.停止做一件事Don'tforgettosendtheemailtoyourboss.Iforgot

meetingheratthepartylastnight.meantodosth.已與/企圖做某事meandoingsth.意味著做某事Hemeanttohelpher,buthedidn'tknowhow.Missingthistrainmeans

waitingforanotherhour.forgettodosth.忘記去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘記已經(jīng)做過某事Iforgottobooktheticketsinadvance,sowecouldn'tgetgoodseats.Theyforgothavinginvitedustotheirparty.regrettodosth.遺憾去做某事regretdoingsth.后悔做過某事Iregrettotellyouthatyoufailedtheexam.

Sheregrettedsayingthosehurtfulwords.trytodosth.努力/試圖做某事trydoingsth.嘗試著做某事I'lltrytosolvethismathproblem.

Ifyouhaveaheadache,youcantry

takingsomeaspirin.goontodosth.（做完某事）接著做另一件事goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做同一件事Shefirstcleanedthelivingroomandwentontotidyupthebedroom.

Therunnerwasexhaustedbutstillwentonrunningtowardsthefinishline.can’thelptodosth.不能幫助做某事can’thelpdoingsth.情不自禁地做某事I'mtiedupwithmyownworkandcan'thelptofinishyourassignment.Hecan'thelplaughingeverytimeheremembersthatfunnyjoke.既可跟動名詞又可跟不定式作賓語的動詞主動形式表被動含義場合示例want/need/requiredoing=tobedone需要做某事Myroomrequirescleaningeveryday.我的房間每天都需要打掃。beworthdoing=beworthyofbeingdone值得做Thisbookisworthreading.

這本書值得一讀。deservedoing=deservetobedone值得做Hedeservedtobepunished.=Hedeservedpunishing.他應(yīng)受懲罰?？键c(diǎn)突破·考法探究考點(diǎn)2：動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞

主要描述動作的進(jìn)行狀態(tài)或性質(zhì)，在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂語，具有形容詞的特性。在句中作定語、表語、狀語和補(bǔ)語，有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞作表語Theresultofthegameisverysurprising.游戲的結(jié)果讓人很驚訝。Thenewsthatourteamhadwonwasveryinspiring.

我們隊獲勝的消息非常鼓舞人心。Thestoryisveryinterestingandencouraging.這個故事非常有趣且鼓舞人心。Yourideasoundsveryinteresting.

你的想法聽起來很有趣。說明事物的特征.說明事物的特征說明事物的特征.說明事物的特征.

1.單個分詞作定語位于被修飾詞之前。Ihavegotarunning

nose.我流鼻涕。Itwasshockingnewstoher.這對她來說是一個令人震驚的消息。Therearetwoteachingbuildingsinourschool.我們學(xué)校有兩座教學(xué)樓。

2.分詞短語作定語置于被修飾詞之后。Doyouknowthegirlstandingunderthetree?

你認(rèn)識站在樹下面的那個女孩嗎?Therearelotsofstudents

wishingtojoinus.

有許多學(xué)生想加入我們?，F(xiàn)在分詞作定語Arrivinghome,heshowedmealargebrightcleanroom.到家后，他把我領(lǐng)進(jìn)了一個寬敞、明亮、潔凈的房間。Hefelloffthebike,breakinghisleftleg.他從自行車上掉下來，摔斷了左腿。Agroupofchildrenweresittingaroundtheteacher,playinggames.一群孩子圍著老師，在做游戲。Dobecarefulwhencrossingthestreet.過馬路時一定要小心。現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時間狀語

結(jié)果狀語伴隨狀語時間狀語

Mymotherkeptmeworkingalltheweek.

媽媽讓我整個星期都在工作。（賓語補(bǔ)足語）Iheardhimsingingintheclassroom.

我當(dāng)時聽到他正在教室里唱歌。（賓語補(bǔ)足語）Jennycouldhearthem

arguingoutside.

珍妮能聽到他們在外面爭論。（賓語補(bǔ)足語）Anundeservedsuccessislikeamedalthatisfoundlyinginthestreet.（主語補(bǔ)足語）Ifyouseesoldierswearingsky-bluehelmets,theyareUnitedNationspeacekeepers.（賓語補(bǔ)足語）如果你看到戴著天藍(lán)色頭盔的士兵，他們就是聯(lián)合國維和人員?，F(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語1.現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，動詞與賓語之間有邏輯主謂關(guān)系，說明賓語的性質(zhì)、特征或強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行的主動動作。變成被動語態(tài)時，賓語補(bǔ)足語相應(yīng)的變?yōu)橹髡Z補(bǔ)足語。常跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞：感官動詞（see,watch,observe,notice,hear,listen,feel)，使役動詞(have,get),find,leave,keep,catch等。）2.with＋賓語＋doing表示主動，說明動作正在發(fā)生或經(jīng)常發(fā)生；with＋賓語＋done表示被動或完成；with＋賓語＋todo表示將要發(fā)生的動作。TIP考點(diǎn)突破·考法探究考點(diǎn)2：動詞的過去分詞

也是動詞的一種非謂語形式，主要用于完成時態(tài)（如現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時）、被動語態(tài)，還可以在句子中充當(dāng)定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語等成分。

動詞的過去分詞過去分詞作定語表示一個被動的、已發(fā)生的動作；單個分詞修飾名詞作前置定語；分詞短語修飾名詞作后置定語。Theboylookedupwithapleasedexpression.

男孩帶著滿意的表情舉目而視。Ispottedthegirldressedinwhite.我認(rèn)出了那個穿白色衣服的女孩。Thehousesbuiltlastyeararefortheteachers.=Thehousesthat/whichwerebuiltlastyeararefortheteacher.這些去年建好的房子是為老師準(zhǔn)備的。過去分詞作定語過去分詞作補(bǔ)足語場合用法示例

觀感類使役類動詞后1.表感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動詞如notice,let,make,hear,listento,see,observe,watch,have,feel。2.表示“致使”意義的動詞如have,get,keep,leave,make等后。IheardthesongsunginEnglish.我聽到有人用英語唱過這首歌。I’llhavemyhaircuttomorrow.明天我要理發(fā)。Hespokeinaloudvoiceinordertomakehimselfheard.他大聲講話，以便讓別人聽到。

With結(jié)構(gòu)1.過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示一個被動的、已完成的動作；2.對比：該結(jié)構(gòu)中動詞不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動作；現(xiàn)在分詞表示一個主動動作；3.省略with則該結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楠?dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。With

hishomeworkfinished,hewenttotheparktoplay.

作業(yè)寫完了，他便去公園玩了。Shehadtowalkhomewith

herbikestolen.自行車被偷，她只好步行回家。過去分詞作表語作表語的過去分詞與被動語態(tài)中的過去分詞容易混淆。被動語態(tài)表示主語的動作，作表語的過去分詞表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。

2.現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，說名主語的身份、性質(zhì)或情況，主語大多是物。表示“令人......的”。Thewindowisbroken.這扇窗戶碎了。系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示主語thewindow所處的狀態(tài)brokenThewindowwasbrokenbyTim.這扇窗戶是Tim打碎的。被動語態(tài)，表示動作ThebookisinterestingandI’minterestedinit.這本書很有趣，我對它很感興趣。1.過去分詞作表語，表示“感到……”，常修飾人的狀態(tài)或感受。表示主語是動作的承受者。但修飾人的表情也常用過去分詞。常見動詞如：amazed（感到驚訝的）；

bored（感到無聊的）；confused（困惑的）；delighted（開心的）；depressed（低落的）；determined（下定決心的）；disappointed（失望的）；excited（興奮的）；embarrassed（尷尬的）；exhausted（筋疲力盡的）；frightened（令人驚駭?shù)模?；frustrated（消沉的）；interested（感興趣的）；satisfied（滿意度）；surprised（吃驚的）；moved（感動的）Thepupilswillgetconfusediftheylearntoomuchatatime.如果學(xué)生一次學(xué)太多，他們會感到困惑。2.be+不及物動詞的過去分詞，一般是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如：gone消失了，不在了；

fallen落下的；

known著名的；

mistaken無解的，弄錯的等。過去分詞作狀語，邏輯主語是句子的主語,用作時間、原因、條件、讓步、伴隨狀語，強(qiáng)調(diào)該動作與句子主語之間的被動關(guān)系；為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，還可以與while,when,once,if,unless等連詞連用。Warnedofthedanger,hestillwentskatingonthethinice.（=Thoughhewaswarned...）雖然被警告危險，他仍舊到薄冰上滑冰。Theprofessorcameintotheclassroom,followedbysomestudents.教授走進(jìn)教室，幾個學(xué)生跟在后面。Givenmoretime,Icanfinishthework.（=IfIamgiven...）Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautiful.從山頂看，這座城市顯得格外美麗。過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句。當(dāng)從句中的主語和主句主語保持一致，且從句中含有be動詞時，可以省略be動詞，如果，從句中是被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，即構(gòu)成“連詞+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語。過去分詞用于省略句Whencompleted,theroadwillbeopentopublic.當(dāng)這條鐵路修好后，將會對公眾開放。=Whenitiscompleted,...Thoughhewaswarneddanger,hestillwentskatingonthethinice.

=Thoughwarneddanger,hestillwentskatingonthethinice.v.＋-ed/-ing變成形容詞v.＋-ed/-ing變成形容詞v.＋-ed/-ing（-ed形容詞多表示人的感受，-ing形容詞多用于修飾物）amaze→amazed

吃驚的→amazing

令人大為驚奇的bore→bored（對某人/事物）厭煩的→boring

令人厭倦（或厭煩）的excite→excited

興奮的→exciting令人激動的interest→interested

感興趣的→interesting

有趣的please→pleased

高興，滿意→pleasing令人高興的relax→relaxed

放松的→relaxing令人放松的satisfy→satisfied

滿意的→satisfying令人滿意（或滿足）的surprise→surprised

驚訝的→surprising

令人吃驚的tire→tired疲倦的→tiring

令人困倦的要背下來哦！分層訓(xùn)練·鞏固提升一、基礎(chǔ)鞏固1．Nowagreatnumberofpeoplefromallovertheworldenjoy________Chinesetea.A．drink B．drinks C．drinking D．todrink2．—Howmuchdifficultydidyouhave________outthemathsproblem?—None.It’squiteeasy.A．worked B．towork C．working D．toworking3．Today,wemustcontinue________tokeepourskiesblue,waterscleanandlandsclear.A．work B．working C．towork D．worked4．—Youdon’tknowwhatgreatdifficultyIhad________togetthetwotickets.—Butthemusicisreallyworth________twice.A.managing;beinglistenedto

B．managing;listeningtoC．tomanage;beinglistenedto D．tomanage;listeningto5．________isthebestwaytoimprovemy________skills.A．Read,speaking B．Read,speaking C．Read,spoken D．Reading,spoken分層訓(xùn)練·鞏固提升6．Hehurriedhome,_________behindashewent.A．looking B．looked C．beinglook D．waslooking7．Hejumpedintothewaterwhenheheardaboy________forhelp.A．call B．iscalling C．calling D．tocall8．MichaelJackson________as“KingofPop”wasannounceddeadonJune25th,________theworld.A．regarded,surprised B．whoregarded,surprisingC．regarded,surprising D．wasregarded,surprising9．Thenewrobot_________lastmonthcandomanyjobsinsteadofhumans.A．invents B．invented C．isinvented D．wasinvented10．—Dad,mycomputerdoesn’twork.

—Iwillgetit________tomorrow.A．repair B．torepair C．repaired D．repairing11．Thephoto________tenyearsagoremindsmeofthosesweetmemories.A．wastaken B．taken C．hastaken D．too分層訓(xùn)練·鞏固提升二、能力提升完成句子1．非常感謝你在我低谷時繼續(xù)支持我，而不像其他人一樣背后說我的壞話。Thanksalot

aboutmebehindmybacklike

otherswhenIwasdown.2．Ittookhimtendaystofinishthework.

He

tendays

thework.3．Shelovesdancingandswimming.(轉(zhuǎn)變成含有hobby的句子)

4．Weusedthenewwordstomakeupaninterestingstorytoday.Newwords

usedfor

upaninterestingstorytoday.5．Weshouldprotecttheenvironment.Weshouldnotcutdownthetrees.(兩句合一句)Weshouldprotecttheenvironmentbynotcuttingdownthetrees.6．一定有東西在拜訪我們附近的住戶。There

things

thehomesinourneighborhood.spentinfinishingHerhobbiesaredancingandswimming.weremakingforkeepingsupportingmeinsteadofsayingbadwordsmustbevisiting7．一個路過的人問我郵局怎么走。Somebody

askedme

thepostoffice.8．他正忙于修理褲子，但他仍然回答了我的問題。He