2024年消費者調查報告：汽車用戶行為及觀點分析（英文版）-澳大利亞交通能源研究所-57正式版

CONSUMERSURVEY

2024Driver

Behaviorsand

Perspectives

December

2024

Page1

CONSUMERSURVEY

TableofContents

Introduction3

Methodology4

1.GasPricesandConsumerSensitivity5

2.ConsumerFuelBuyingBehavior14

3.VehiclePreferences34

4.PerceptionsandAttitudes44

5.ElectricVehicleCharging48

6.Conclusion54

AboutTEI57

Page2

Introduction

Intheefforttoreducetheenvironmentalimpactoftransportation,consumerswill

betheultimatedecisionmakerregardingwhichemissionsreductiontechnologies

orenergyoptionswillbemostsuccessful.Therefore,itisessentialtounderstand

whattheythinkandhowtheybehavetoensurethatthesolutionsbeingofferedto

themfittheirneedsandpreferences.Forthisreason,theTransportationEnergy

Institute(TEI)frequentlycommissionsorparticipatesinconsumersurveys,to

provideinsightintowhatconsumersarethinkingatagivenperiodoftime.This

whitepaperpresentsfindingsfromthe2024consumersurveysupportedbythe

Institute.Theseresultsarepresentedasanadditionaltooltobetterunderstand

thedriver.Aswithallsurveys,theresultsreflecthowrespondentsanswered

questionsatagivenmomentintime.Thetimingoftheannualsurveysis

deliberate;theyaredesignedtoassessconsumersentimentandinsightsearlyin

thetransitiontosummer-blendfuelsoftenbeforeconsumershaveobserved

relatedpriceincreaseslinkedtothetransition.

Page3

Methodology

OnbehalfofNACS(theNationalAssociationofConvenienceStores),andin

collaborationwiththeTEI,BoldDecisionconductedonlineinterviewsfromFriday,

March8–Tuesday,March12,2024,amongN=1,200Americanadults(age18+,

nationwide),includingN=990“gasconsumers”(thosewhosaytheydriveandbuygas

atleastonceamonth).Theoverallmarginoferroratthe95%confidenceintervalis

+/-2.83%forinterviewsamongtheN=1,200USadults,and+/-3.11%forinterviews

amongtheN=990gasconsumers.Certainquestionsweresplit-sampledtoreduce

respondentfatigueandsomefindingsmaytotalmoreorlessthan100%dueto

rounding.Inthedatapresentedinthispaper,allresponsesarederivedfromthegas

consumers(N=990),exceptwherenotedinwhichcasethedatarepresentsresponses

fromallU.S.adults(N=1,200).

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1.GasPricesandConsumerSensitivity

GasPricesServeasaBellwetherontheEconomy

Retailgasolineistheonlycommodityforwhichconsumerscancomparisonshopbypricewhiledriving

45+milesperhour.Retailersposttheirpricesontallsignsfeaturingnumberstallerthanafoot,creating

themostpricecompetitivemarketintheeconomy.Thisdailyreminderoffuelprices,however,hasan

effectgreaterthansimplycreatingcompetitionforthecustomer–thesepricesareamajorinputonthe

barometerforhowaverageAmericansfeeltheeconomyisdoing.

Itisimportantforcontexttounderstandwherethemarketwaswhenthesurveywas

conducted.BetweenMarch8–12,2024,thenationalaverageretailweeklypriceof

gasolinewasabout$3.37,accordingtoOPIS.Asapointofreference,thispricewas

$0.316lowerthantheaveragepricechargedJanuary1,2022throughJune30,2024

andwaslowerthantheaverageweeklypricein103outof129weeks.

Figure1

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Ingeneral,atthetimeofthesurvey(March2024)themajorityofAmericans(55%)

feltpessimisticabouttheeconomy,witholderagegroupsexpressinggreater

pessimism.Supportingthehypothesisthatgaspriceshaveanimpactonhow

peoplefeelabouttheeconomy,thosewhocommutetoworkeverydaywere

muchmorepessimistic(57%)thanthosewhoworkfromhome(44%).Consumers

intheMidwestandNortheast,aswellasthosewholiveinRuralmarkets,werethe

mostpessimisticabouttheeconomy.

Figures2–6:Generallyspeaking,howdoyoufeelabouttheeconomy?

Figure2

Page6

Figure3

“Daily,”“NotDaily”and“WorkfromHome”refertohowoftenthesurveyrespondentcommutestoandfromwork.

Figure4

Page7

Figure5

“Daily,”“NotDaily”and“WorkfromHome”refertohowoftenthesurveyrespondentcommutestoandfromwork.

Figure6

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Overall,85%ofAmericanssaidthepriceofgasolineinfluenceshowtheyfeelabouttheeconomy.Thisis

understandablegiventheimpactoftransportation-relatedexpensesonconsumers.AccordingtoU.S.Bureauof

TransportationStatistics,transportation-relatedexpenseswerethesecondhighestshareofhousehold

[1]

expenditures,accountingfor16.9%ofaveragehouseholdspendingin2022.Oftransportation-relatedexpenses,25%wereattributedtoexpendituresongasoline,otherfuelsandmotoroil.Asashareofall

[2]

expenses,gasolinerepresented4.3%oftheaverageAmerican’sexpendituresin2022.

___________________________________[1]/stories/s/u3wt-eyhe

[2]/opub/reports/consumer-

expenditures/2022/#:~:text=Average%20annual%20expenditures%20grew%20by,

(15.7%20percent)%20from%202019.

TransportationCostBurden

Figure7

Figure8

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Thesurveyfoundthattheyoungeragegroupsweremoreaffectedbygaspricesthan

wereolderconsumers,whichisconsistentwithdatarelativetoincomedistributionby

agegroup,whichshowsyoungerconsumerstypicallyearnlessthanolderconsumers.

Figure9

,byAge

Page10

Thehighestpercentageofconsumerssaidpriceshada“greatimpact”ontheirfeelingsaboutthe

economywerethoseintheWest(53%),whichisnotsurprisinggiventhatgasolineistypicallythe

mostexpensiveintheWest.Acrossallconsumercategories,therewereveryfewpeoplewhosaid

gaspriceshavenoimpactontheirfeelingsabouttheeconomy.

Figure10-14:Howmuchdogaspricestodayimpactyourfeelingsontheeconomy?

Figure10

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Figure11

“Daily,”“NotDaily”and“WorkfromHome”refertohowoftenthesurveyrespondentcommutestoandfromwork.

Figure12

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Figure13

“Daily,”“NotDaily”and“WorkfromHome”refertohowoftenthesurveyrespondentcommutestoandfromwork.

Figure14

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2.ConsumerFuelBuyingBehavior

ConsumersRemainSensitivetoFuelPrices

Gaspricesaffecthowconsumersfeelabouttheeconomy,andgaspricesalsoplayakeyrolein

howconsumersselectwheretheychoosetobuytheirfuel.Consistentwithresultsfromnearly

20yearsofsurveys,70%ofrespondentssaidgaspriceswerethemostimportantfactorwhen

choosingwheretobuyfuel.Whenlookingatresultsacrossvariousdemographicgroups,there

wasnosignificantvariabilityonthecentralimportanceofprice–mostrespondentsfeltthe

sameregardlessoftheirgender,ageorwheretheylive.

Figures15–17:Whenbuyinggas,whichofthefollowingfactorsismostimportanttoyou?

Figure15

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Figure16

Figure17

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55%ofrespondentssaidtheyhaveapreferenceforacertaingasstationorchainandinanimmediatefollow-up

question,56%ofthemsaidtheirpreferencewasprimarilybecausethatretailerusuallyhasthelowestprices.

Lowerpriceswasthemostimportantstorefeatureforalldemographicgroups,especiallyforthoseintheWest

whoareaccustomedtopayinghigherpricesthanthenationalaverage.

Figures18–20:Amongthosewhosaytheyhaveapreferenceforacertain

gasstationorchain,whydoyoupreferthatgasstationorchain?

Figure18

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Figure19

Figure20

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Beyondthis,consumerssaidtheywouldinconveniencethemselvestosavemoneyatthepump.

Showinghowmuchconsumersoftenvaluemoneyovertime,fullytwo-thirds(66%)of

consumerssaidtheywoulddrive5minutesoutoftheirwayorturnleftacrossabusy

intersectiontosave5centspergallon.Remarkably,nearlyhalf(48%)woulddrive10minutes

outoftheirwayforthesamesavings.Andthiswillingnesstoinconveniencethemselvesdidnot

varymuchbygender,agegrouporregion.

Technicallyspeaking,themotivationtoinconvenienceoneselftosavemoneyatthepumpmay

notnecessarilytranslateintoactualmonetarysavingsfortheaverageconsumer.Forexample,a

consumerwhodrives10minutesoutoftheirwaytosave5centspergallonmayspendmoreon

thefuelrequiredforthisdetourthantheamountsavedatthepump.Thisconsumerinclination

toinconveniencethemselvestosavemoneyatthepumpdespiteitbeinganeconomical

behaviorindicatesanemotionalelementintheconsumerdecision-makingprocesstoseekout

thebestdeal–evenifitcontradictsthepotentialfinancialreward.

Figures21-24:Howstronglydoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatements?

Figure21

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Figure22

Figure23

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Andfinally,whenaskedwhatonethingaconveniencestorecoulddotoearnmoreofthe

customer’sbusiness,58%saidtheyshouldofferalowergasprice.Allofthisleadstoa

conclusionthatanyalternativetotraditionalfuelandpowertrainswillhavetobecost

competitive,ifnotadvantageous,andtransparentlysofortheconsumer.

ExampleofFinancialImpactof10MinuteDetour

Figure24

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Figures25–27:Ifaconveniencestorenearyoucoulddoonethingtogetmoreofyour

business,whatwoulditbe?

Figure25

Page21

Figure26

be?

Figure27

be?

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FuelBuyingBehavior

Howconsumerscurrentlypurchasetheirfuelisanimportantfactorthatcaninfluencethetransitionofthe

transportationsectortoanyfutureenergysources.Matchingconsumerbehaviortominimizebehavioral

frictionisessentialtosuccessfullyintroducinganewfuelorvehicleoption.

Today,consumerstendtorefueltheirvehiclesthroughouttheday,withroughlyone-thirdvisitinga

fuelingstationinthemorning,afternoonandeveninghours.Notably,frequencyoffuelpurchasedeclines

significantlyafterthesungoesdownandthetraditionalworkdaycommuteends.Understandingwhen

differentdemographics,suchasagegroups,prefertopurchasefuel,canhelpretailersdesignmarketing

strategiestoappealtothosecustomers.

Figures28–30:Generallyspeaking,atwhattimeofthedaydoyoumostoften

purchasegas?

Figure28

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Figure29

Figure30

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Themajorityofconsumerswanttogetthemostrangefromtheirrefuelingvisit,with59%

sayingtheytypicallyfilltheirtank.Yetanother38%decidehowmuchfueltopurchasebased

upontheirbudgetoravailablecashonhand,anotherindicatoroftheinfluenceofprice.

Youngerdriverstendtoworkwithinabudget,moresothanotheragegroups.

Figures31-33:Whendecidinghowmuchgastopurchase,doyoutypically…?

Figure31

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Figure32

Figure33

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Anotherkeyfactortoconsideriswhereconsumersbuyfuelandwhy.Conveniencestoresare

thesinglemostcommonlocationacrossallconsumers,withmorethanhalf(55%)sayingthey

typicallybuygasolineataconveniencestore.Thatsaid,comparedtoallotheragegroups,

consumersovertheageof65aresignificantlymorelikelytobuyingfuelfromabig-boxretailer.

Figures34-36:Wheredoyoumostoftenbuygas?

Figure34

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Figure35

Figure36

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Formostconsumers(53%),buyingfuelwastheprimaryreasontovisitaconveniencestore.

Youngerconsumers(underage34)-morethanotheragegroup-reportedseekingouta

conveniencestoreinparticulartobuyasnackormeal.

Figures37-39:Thinkingaboutthelasttimeyouwenttoaconveniencestore,what

wasthemainreasonforyourtrip?

Figure37

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Figure38

Figure39

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58%ofcustomerssaidtheywentintotheconveniencestorethelasttimetheyboughtgas.However,they

frequentlydomuchmorethanpayforgas(45%),includingbuyingadrink(46%),buyingasnack(39%),or

usingtherestroom(27%).Asalternativetransportationenergyoptionsgainmarketshare,understandingthe

buyingbehaviorsofconsumerswillhelpidentifywheretomosteffectivelylocateenergysuppliesthatthey

mayneedinthefutureandprovideamenitiesthataredesirabletothedriver.

Figures40-41:Thinkingaboutthelasttimeyoupurchasedgas,didyoualsogoinside

astoreassociatedwithagasstation?

Figure40

Figure41

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Figures42-44–Amongthosewhowentinsidethestorethelasttimetheypurchasedgas,

whichofthefollowingdidyoudowhileyouwereinthestoreassociatedwiththegas

station?Pleaseselectallthatapply.

Figure42

Whichofthefollowingdidyoudowhileyouwereinthestoreassociatedwiththegasstation?

(multipleresponsespermitted)

Page32

Figure43

?

Figure44

?

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3.VehiclePreferences

Nearlyhalf(40%)ofrespondentssaidtheyarelikelytopurchaseorleaseaneworusedvehicle

withinthenexttwoyears.Those18-34yearsaremoreinterestedinacquiringavehicle,with56%

sayingtheyarelikelytodoso,whereasonly29%ofthoseover65arelikelytomakesuchapurchase.

Figures45-47–Howlikelyareyoutobuyorleaseaneworusedvehicleinthenexttwoyears?

Figure45

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Figure46

Figure47

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Consumersselectavehiclebasedonavarietyofdifferentfactors.Anynewvehiclethataimstosecure

asizeableshareofthemarketmustkeeptheseinmind.Andjustasoneneedstoconsiderhowand

whereconsumerscurrentlyacquireenergytopowerthevehicle,itisalsoimportanttounderstand

whattheywantintheirvehicles,toensurethatnewalternativeswillsatisfythecoreneedsofbuyers.

Whenselectingavehicle,30%ofconsumerssaidvehiclepricewasthemostimportantfactor

influencingtheirdecision.Reliability(19%),safety(16%)andfueleconomy(13%)werethenextmost

importantfactors.Itisworthrepeatingherethattheseresultsarerelativetotherespondentsinthis

survey;manyothersurveyshavebeenconductedregardingvehiclepurchasedecisionsandtheresults

canvarysignificantlybetweensurveys.

Thefactorsthatweremostimportantvariedbyagegroup.Comparedwithotheragegroups,vehicle

pricewasleastimportanttothose18–34yearsofagewhereasreliabilitywascomparativelymost

importanttothoseolderthan50.

Figures48–50:Amongthoselikelytobuy/lease,whichofthefollowingismost

importantwhenthinkingaboutbuyingorleasingavehicle?

Figure48

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Figure49

Figure50

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Whenallowedtoselectmorethanoneresponse,reliability(79%)toppedthelistoffactors

consideredimportant.Itwasfollowedcloselybypurchaseprice(77%),safety(72%)and

maintenancecost(69%).Thelevelofimportanceofthesefactorsdidnotvarysignificantly

amonggendersoragegroups

Figures51-61-Howimportantarethefollowingwhenthinkingaboutbuyingor

leasingavehicle?

Figure51

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Figure52

Figure53

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Figure54

Figure55

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Figure56

Figure57

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Figure58

Figure59

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Figure60

Figure61

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4.PerceptionsandAttitudes

Whenaskedabouttheirattitudesaboutcertaintransportationoptions,lessthanhalfreporteda

positiveattitudetowardsride-shareservices(45%),electricvehicles(40%)orautonomous

vehicles(25%).

Figure62

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Attitudestowardstheseoptionsvariedsignificantlybyageandregion.Withregardtoride

sharing,youngerconsumershadamorepositiveattitudethanolderdemographics,whilethose

inurbanandsuburbansettingsweremorepositivethanthoseinruralsettings,wheresuch

serviceslikelyarenotaswidelyavailable.

Figures63-64:Pleaseindicateyourattitudetowardsrideshare/ondemandservices?

Figure63

Figure64

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Viewsregardingelectricvehiclesweremuchmorepositiveamongyoungerdrivers,with53%of

those18-35holdingapositiveattitudecontrastedwithonly23%ofthoseover65yearsofage.

Likewise,consumersintheNortheast,Westandurbanmarketsmaintainedamorepositive

attitudecomparedwiththoseintheMidwestandRuralmarkets.

Figures65-66:Pleaseindicateyourattitudetowardselectricvehicles?

Figure65

Figure66

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Only25%ofconsumershadapositiveattitudetowardsautonomousvehicles,withmenand

youngerconsumersmoreoptimistic.Womenandolderconsumerwerequiteskeptical,aswere

thoseinsuburbanandruralmarkets.

Figures67-68–Pleaseindicateyourattitudetowardsautonomous(self-driving)vehicles?

Figure67

Figure68

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5.ElectricVehicleCharging

Whenaskedwhereelectricvehiclechargingstationsshouldbelocated,consumersoverwhelmingly

agreed(71%)thatconveniencestoresandgasstationsshouldofferchargingservices.Hotels(61%),

grocerystores(58%)andmalls(57%)werealsopopularresponses.Itisworthnotingthatthese

optionswereprovidedtorespondentsandmorethanoneselectionwaspermitted.Therewasno

significantvariationamongdemographicgroupsorregions.

Figures69-71:Inyouropinion,whereshouldEVchargersbelocated?

Pleaseselectallthatapply

Figure69

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Figure70

Figure71

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Whenaskedthemaximumamountoftimetheywouldbewillingtowaittochargeanelectricvehicle,

consumersonaveragesaid44minutes,whereasthemedianresponsewas20minutes.It’simportantto

mentallycontrastthiswithcurrentrealityformostICEdrivers:approximately5minutestorefuela

vehicleandanaverageofabout3.5minutesspentinsideaconveniencestore.Men,youngerdriversand

thoseintheSouthseemedtobemoreopentoalongerchargingtimewhereasthoseintheWestseemed

tobethemostimpatient.Thatsaid,themedianresponsewasrelativelyconsistent,withnotable

exceptionsamongyoungerandolderdriversandthoseinurbanenvironments.

Figures72-73:IfyouweredrivinganElectricVehicle,whatisthemaximumamountoftime

(inminutes)youwouldbewillingtowaittorechargeavehiclewhileontheroad?

Figure72

Figure73

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Figures74-75:Inyouropinion,doyouthinkcharginganElectricVehicle(EV)outside

ofyourhomewouldbe…

Figure74

Figure75

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Whenaskedwhichvehicletheythoughtwouldhavethelowesttotalcostofownership,conventional

vehiclesledthefieldwith39%ofconsumers.YoungerdriversandthoseintheWestandUrban

marketsweremoreoptimisticabouttheeconomicsofelectricvehiclesthanotherdemographic

groups,whereasolderandruralconsumersweremoreoptimisticaboutconventionalvehicles.

Figures76-78:Consideringeverythingfrompurchasecosttotheexpenseoffueling/

charging,inyouropinionwhichhasaloweroverallcostofownership?

Figure76

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Figure77

Figure78

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6.Conclusion

Surveysmeasurespecificthoughtsandattitudesatagivenmomentintime,buttheycan

providepredictiveinsighttohelpguidethoseseekingtoservethetransportationsectorinthe

nearfuture.Theresultsofthissurveyappeartoshedlightonadivideamongdemographics

groupsregardingtheirattitudesandopinionsaboutalternativetransportationoptions.Older

consumersandthoseintheruralmarketsseemedleastoptimisticabouttheeconomy,which

correspondswitholderandruralconsumersbeingtheleastlikelytoacquireavehiclewithin

twoyears.Bycontrast,youngerandurbanconsumerswerebothmoreoptimisticaboutthe

economyandlikelytoacquireavehicleinthenearfuture.

Attitudesaboutalternativetransportationwerelikewisesplit,witholderandruralconsumers

holdinglesspositiveattitudestowardsrideshare,electric,andautonomousvehicles.

Meanwhile,youngerandurbanconsumerswerethemostpositiveabouteachoption.Infact,

consumersaged18–34weretheonlyagegroupinwhichamajority(53%)heldpositiveviews

aboutelectricvehiclesandtheseconsumerssaidtheywerewillingtospendmoretime

chargingtheirvehiclethananyotheragegroup.Asolderconsumersageoutofthecarbuying

market,thefutureofthetransportationsectorwillbemoreheavilyinfluencedbythese

youngerbuyers.Itwillbeveryimportanttopayattentiontotheirevolvingperspectivesover

timeandensurethatvehicles,energyandinfrastructuresatisfytheirneedsandinterests.

Whilethesesummaryobservationsaregeneralizationsofsociety,theydoprovidesomeinsight

tohelpguideexpectationsregardingwheretransformationmayblossomandwhereitmay

struggle.Tappingintoconsumersensitivitiesregard