大學英語四級改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷59（共201題）

大學英語四級改革適用（閱讀）模擬試

卷59（共9套）

（共201題）

大學英語四級改革適用（閱讀）模擬試

卷第1套

一、仔細閱讀（本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。）

NewYoikcisarcgraduallygellingusedlumurepedalingpassengersunthoseshilling

blueCitiBikes.Butwhataboutlocalbikeshops?IsCiliBikerollingupridersattheir

expense?AtGothamBikesinTribeca,managerW.Bensaidtheshophasseenan

increaseinitsoverallsalesduetothebike-shareprogram."It'sgettingmorepeopleon

theroad,morepeoplelearningaboutthesportandgettinginvolved,"hesaid.An

employeeatDanny'sCyclesinGramercyalsosaidCitiBikeisagoodoptionforpeople

tocaseintobikinginacityfamedfbritstrafficjamsandaggressivedrivers."Theycan

tryoutabikewithoutcommittingtobuyingone,"hesaid.Rentalsarenotabigpartof

thebusinessateitherGothamBikesorDanny'sCycles.ButforFrank'sBikeShop,a

smallbusinessonGrandSt.,thebike-shareprogramhasbeenbadnews.OwnerFrank

Arroyosaidhisrentalbusinesshasdecreasedby90percentsinceCitiBikewasrolledout

lastmonth.Arroyo'smainrentalcustomersareEuropeantourists,whohavesincebeen

drawnawaybyCitiBikes.However,Bensaidthebike-shareisgoodforbikesalesathis

shop."Peoplehaveusedthebike-shareandrealizedhowgreatitistobikeinthecity,

thendecidethattheywantsomethingnicerforthemselves,"henoted.ChristianFarrellof

WaterfrontBicycleShop,onWestSt.justnorthofChristopherSt.,saidinitiallyhewas

concernedaboutbike-share,though,headmitted,"Iwashappytoseepeopleonbikes."

Farrell'searlyconcernswereechoedbyAndrewCrooks,ownerofNYCVelo,at64

SecondAve."Itseemedlikeagreatidea,butonethatwouldbedifficulttoimplement/*

CrookssaidofCitiBike.Hesaidheworriedaboutinexperiencedriders'lackof

awarenessofbikingrulesandstrongnegativereactionfromnon-cyclists.However,he

said,it'sstilltooearlytotellifhisbusinesshasbeenimpacted.Whileit'spossiblebike-

sharewillcauseadropinbusiness,Crooksallowedthattheideaisapositivestep

forwardforNewYorkcity.

1、Whatistheauthor'schiefconcernabouttheincreasinguseofCitiBikesinNew

York?

A、Hownon-cyclistswillrespondtoit.

B、Whetherlocalbikeshopswillsuffer.

C^Whetherlocalbikebusinesseswillopposeit.

D、Howthesafelyofbikeriderscanbeensured.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：暫無解析

2、WhathappenedtoGothamBikesasaresultofthebike-shareprogram?

A、Itfounditsbikesalesunaffected.

B、Itshitteditsbusinesstorentals.

C、Itsawitsbikesalesontherise

D^Itrentedmorebikestotourists.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：暫無解析

3、Whyisthebike-shareprogrambadnewsforFranksBikeShop?

A^Itcannotmeetthedemandofthebikc-sharcprogram.

B、IlscustomershavebeendrawnawaybyCitiBikes.

C、Itsbikepriceshavetobeloweredagainandagain.

D、Ithastocompetewiththecity'sbikerentalshops.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：暫無解析

4、WhydidAndrewCrooksthinkthatthebike-shareprogramwouldbedifficultto

execute?

A、Inexperiencedridersmightbreakbikingrules.

B、Conflictsmightariseamongbikerentalshops.

C、Trafficconditionsmightworseninthedowntownarea.

D^Therearenotenoughlanestoaccommodatethebikes.

標準答案：A「

知識點解析：暫無解析

5、WhatisthegeneralattitudeoflocalbikeshopstowardsCitiBike?

A^Wait-and-see.

B>Negative.

C^Indifferent.

D、Approving.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：暫無解析

Variousstudieshaveshownthatincreasedspendingoneducationhasnotledto

measurableimprovementsinlearning.Between1980and2008,staffandteachersatUS

publicschoolsgrewroughlytwiceasfastasstudents.Yetstudentsshowednoadditional

learninginachievementtests.Universitiesshowsimilartrendsofincreased

administrationpersonnelandcostswithoutgreaterlearning,asdocumentedinRichard

ArumandJosipaRoksa'srecentbookAcademicallyAdrift:LimitedLearningonCollege

Campuses.Asurveyshowsthat63%ofemployerssaythatrecentcollegegraduatesdon't

havetheskillstheyneedtosucceedand25%ofemployerssaythatentry-levelwriting

skillsarelacking.Somesimplisticallyattributethedeclineinourpubliceducationsystem

tothedrainoftheskilledstudentsbyprivateschools,butfarmoresignificanteventswere

atwork.Publicschoolsworkedwelluntilaboutthe1970s.Infact,untilthattime,public

schoolsprovidedfarbettereducationthanprivateones.Itwastheunderperforming

studentswhowerethrownoutofpublicschoolsandwenttoprivateones.Aprominent

reasonpublicschoolsdidwellwasthatmanyhighlyqualifiedwomenhadtewoptionstor

workingoutsidethehouseotherthanbeingteachersornurses.Theyacceptedrelatively

lowpay,difficultworkingconditions,andgavetheirverybest.Havingsuchalarge

supplyoftalentedwomenteachersmeantthatsocietycouldpaylessfortheirservices.

Women'sliberationopenedupnewprofessionalopportunitiesforwomen,and,overtime,

someofthebestleftteachingasacareeroption,bringingaboutagradualdeclineinthe

qualityofschooling.Alsoaroundthattime,regulations,government,andunionscameto

dictatepay,preventadvancements,andintroducebureaucralic（官僚的）standardfor

advancement.Largeeducationbureaucraciesandunionscametodominatethelandscape,

confusingactivitywithachievement.Bureaucratsregularlyrewritecurriculums,talk

nonsenseabouttheoriesofeducation,andrequireevermoreadministrators.Theend

resulthadbeenthat,afterallthespending,studentshaveworsemathandreadingskills

thanboththeirforeignpeersandearliergenerationsspendingfarlessoneducation—as

alltheaccumulatingevidencenowdocuments.

6、WhatdowelearnfromvariousstudiesonAmerica'spubliceducation?

A、Achievementtestshavefailedtotrulyreflectthequalityofteaching.

B、Publicschoolslacktheresourcestocompetewithprivateschools.

C>Littleimprovementineducationhasresultedfromincreasedspending.

D、Thenumberofstudentshasincreasedmuchfasterthanthatofteachers.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：暫無解析

7、Howdosomepeopleexplainthedeclineinpubliceducation?

A、Governmentinvestmentdoesnotmeetschools,needs.

B、Skilledstudentsaremovingtoprivateschools.

C、Qualifiedteachersarefarfromadequatelypaid.

D、Trainingofstudents,basicskillsisneglected.

標準答案：B-

知識點解析：暫無解析

8、Whatwasasignificantcontributortothepastgloryofpublicschools?

A、Well-behavedstudents.

B、Efficientadministration.

C^Talentedwomenteachers.

D、Generouspaylorteachers.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：暫無解析

9、Whydidsomeofthebestwomenteachersleaveteaching?

A、Newcareeropportunitiesweremadeavailabletothembywomen'sliberation.

B、Higheracademicrequirementsmadeitdifficultforthemtostayintheirjobs.

C、Theywereunhappywiththebureaucraticadministrationintheirschools.

D、Theheavyteachingloadsleftthemlittletimeandenergyforfamilylife.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

10、Whatdoestheauthorthinkisoneoftheresultsofgovernmentinvolvementin

education?

A^Increasingemphasisontheoriesofeducation.

Highlystandardizedteachingmethods.

C^Students*improvedacademicperformance.

D、Anever-growingnumberofadministrators.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：暫無解析

TheriseoftheInternethasbeenoneofthemosttransformativedevelopmentsinhuman

history,comparableinimpacttotheinventionoftheprintingpressandthetelegraph.

Overtwobillionpeopleworldwidenowhaveaccesstovastlymoreinformationthanever

before,andcancommunicatewitheachotherinstantly,oftenusingWeb-connected

mobiledevicestheycarryeverywhere.ButtheInternetstremendousimpacthasonlyjust

begun."MassadoptionoftheInternetisdrivingoneofthemostexcitingsocial,cultural,

andpoliticaltransformationsinhistory,andunlikeearlierperiodsofchange,thistimethe

effectsarefullyglobal,"SchmidtandCohenwriteintheirnewbook,TheNewDigital

Age.Perhapsthemostprofoundchangeswillcomewhenthefivebillionpeople

worldwidewhocurrentlylackInternetaccessgetonline.Theauthorsdoanexcellentjob

ofexaminingtheimplicationsofdieInternetrevolutionfbrindividuals,governments,and

institutionslikethenewsmedia.Butifthebookhasonemajorshort-coming,it'sthatthe

authorsdon'tspendenoughtimeapplyingacriticaleyetotheroleofInternetbusinesses

inthesesweepingchanges.Intheirbook,theauthorsprovidethemostauthoritative

volumetodatethatdescribes-andmoreimportantlypredicts-howtheInternetwill

shapeourlivesinthecomingdecades.Theypaintapictureofaworldinwhich

individuals,companies,institutions,andgovernmentsmustdealwithtworealities,one

physical,andonevirtual.Atthecoreofthebookistheideathat"technologyisneutral,

butpeoplearen't."Byusingthisconceptasastartingpoint,theauthorsaimtomove

beyondthenowfamiliaroptimistvs.pessimistdichotomy（對立觀點）thathas

characterizedmanyrecentdebatesaboutwhethertheriseoftheInternetwillultimately

begoodorbadforsociety.InaninterviewwithTIMEearlierthisweek,Cohensaid

althoughheandhisco-authorarcoptimisticaboutmanyaspectsoftheInternet,theyre

alsorealisticabouttherisksanddangersthatlieaheadwhenthenextfivebillionpeople

comeonline,particularlywithrespecttopersonalprivacyandstatesurveillance（監(jiān)視）.

11>InwhatwayistheriseoftheInternetsimilartotheinventionoftheprintingpress

andthetelegraph?

A、Ittransformshumanhistory.

B、Itfacilitatesdailycommunication.

C>Itisadoptedbyallhumanity.

D、Itrevolutionizespeople'sthinking.

標準答案：A-

知識點解析：暫無解析

12、HowdoSchmidtandCohendescribetheeffectsoftheInternet?

A、Theyareimmeasurable.

B、Theyareworldwide.

C、Theyareunpredictable.

D^Theyarecontaminating.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：暫無解析

13、InwhatrespectisthebookTheNewDigitalAgeconsideredinadequate?

A^ItfailstorecognizetheimpactoftheInternettechnology.

B、IlfailstolookintothesocialimplicationsoftheInternet.

C^ItlacksanobjectiveevaluationoftheroleofInternetbusinesses.

D^ItdoesnotaddressthetechnicalaspectsofInternetcommunication.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：暫無解析

14>Whatwillthefuturebelikewheneverybodygetsonline?

A、Peoplewillbelivingintwodifferentrealities.

B、Peoplewillhaveequalaccesstoinformation.

C、Peopledon'thavetotraveltoseetheworld.

D、Peopledon'thavetocommunicatefacetoface.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

15、WhatdoesthepassagesayabouttheauthorsofTheNewDigitalAge?

A、TheyleavemanyquestionsunansweredconcerningtheInternet.

BNTheyarcoptimisticaboutthefutureoftheInternetrevolution.

C、Theyhaveexploredtheunknownterritoriesofthevirtualworld.

D、Theydon'ttakesidesinanalyzingtheeffectsoftheInternet.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：暫無解析

In1950,ayoungmanwouldhavefounditmucheasierthanitistodaytogetandkeepa

jobintheautoindustry.Andinthatyeartheaverageautoworkercouldmeetmonthly

mortgage（抵押貸款）paymentsonanaveragehomewithjust13.4percentofhistake-

homepay.Todayasimilarmortgagewouldclaimmorethantwicethatshareofhis

monthlyearnings.Othermembersoftheautoworker'sfamily,howevermightbeless

inclinedtotradethepresentforthepast.Hisretiredparentswouldcertainlyhavehadless

economicsecuritybackthen.Throughoutmuchofthe1960s,morethanaquarterofmen

andwomenage65andolderlivedbelowthepovertylevel,comparedtolessthan10

percentin2010.Inmoststates,hiswifecouldnothavetakenoutaloanoracreditcardin

herownname.In42states,ahomemakerhadnolegalclaimontheearningsofher

husband.Andnowheredidawifehavelegalprotectionagainstfamilyviolence.Most

blackworkerswouldnotwanttoreturntoatimewhen,onaverage,theyearned40

percentlessthantheirwhitecounterparts（職位相當?shù)娜耍?whileraciallyrestrictive

agreementslargelypreventedthemfrombuyingintothesuburbanneighborhoodsbeing

builtforwhiteworking-classfamilies.Today,newproblemshaveemergedintheprocess

ofresolvingoldones,butthesolutionisnottogobacktothepast.Somepeoplemay

longforanerawhendivorcewasstillhardtocomeby.Thespreadofno-faultdivorce

hasreducedthebargainingpowerofwhicheverspouseismoreinterestedincontinuing

therelationship.Andthebreakupofsuchmarriageshascausedpainformanyfamilies.

Thegrowingdiversityoffamilylifecomeswithnewpossibilitiesaswellasnew

challenges.Accordingtoarecentpoll,morethan80percentofAmericansbelievethat

iheircurrentfamilyisascloseastheoneinwhichtheygrewup,orcloser.Findingways

toimprovethelivesoftheremaining20%seemsmorerealisticthantryingtorestorean

imaginarygoldenage.

16、WhatdowclearnaboutAmericanautoworkersin1950?

A、Theyhadlessjobsecuritythantheydotoday.

B、Itwasnottoodifficultforthemtobuyahouse.

C、Theirearningwereworthtwiceasmuchastoday.

D、Theywerebetteroffthanworkersinotherindustries.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：暫無解析

17>Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutretiredpeopletoday?

A、Theyinvariablylongtoreturntothegoldenpast.

B、Theydonotdependsomuchonsocialwelfare.

C、Theyfeelmoresecureeconomicallythaninthepast.

D、Theyareusuallyunwillingtolivewiththeirchildren.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：暫無解析

Whycouldn'tblackworkersbuyahouseinawhitesuburbanneighborhood?

A、Theylackedthemeansoftransportation.

B、Theyweresubjectedtoracialinequality.

C、Theywereafraidtobreakthelaw.

D、Theyweretoopoortoaffordit.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：暫無解析

19、Whatistheresultofno-faultdivorce?

A、Divorceiseasiertoobtain.

B、Domesticviolenceislessened.

C、Ilcauseslittlepaintoeitherside.

D、Itcontributestosocialunrest.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

20、Whatdoestheauthorsuggestsocietydo?

A^Getpreparedtofaceanynewchallenges.

B、Trytobetterthecurrentsocialsecuritynet.

C^Narrowthegapbetweenblacksandwhites.

D、Improvethelivesoffamilieswithproblems.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：暫無解析

大學英語四級改革適用（閱讀）模擬試

卷第2套

一、詞匯理解（本題共20題，每題7.0分，共20分。）

Lastyear'seconomyintheUnitedStatesshouldhavewontheOscarforbestpicture.

Growthingrossdomesticproductwas4.1percentprofits[Cl]upexports

flourishedandinflation（通貨膨脹）stayedaround3percentforthethirdyear.Sowhy

didsomanyAmericansgivethepictureonlyaBrating?Theanswerisjobs.The

macroeconomic（宏觀經(jīng)濟的）situationwasgood,butthemicroeconomic（微觀經(jīng)濟的）

numberswerenotYes,3millionnewjobswerethere,butnotenoughofthemwere

[C2],goodjobspayingenoughtosupportafamily.Jobinsecuritywasserious.

Evenasthey[C3]highersalesandprofits,corporationsactedasiftheywere

operatingata[C4],cutting516,069jobsin1994alone,almostasmanyasin

thebadyearof1991.Yes,unemploymentwentdown.Butover1millionworkerswere

so[C5]theyleftthelaborforce.Morethan6millionwhowantedfulltime

workwereonlypartially[C6]andanotherlargegroupwasshelteredbehind

self-employment.Welostamilliongoodmanufacturingjobsbetween1990and1995,

continuingthe[C7]thathasreducedtheblue-collarworkforcefromabout30

percentinthe1950stoabouthalfthattoday.White-collarworkersfoundouttheywere

nolonger[C8].In1995,forthefirsttime,theywereletgoinnumbers[C91

equaltothoseforblue-collarworkers.Manyturnto[CIO]work一v/ith

lowerpay,fewerbenefitsandlessstatus.Allthisisacountrywherepeoplemeetingfbr

thefirsttimesay,"Whatdoyoudo?"A.announcedB.trendC.performedD.temporary

E.permanentF.virtuallyG.technicalH.employedI.exposureJ.originallyK.soaredL.

significanceM.secureN.discouragedO.loss

1、[Cl]

標準答案：K

知識點解析：此處需填不及物動詞，可以和up構成詞組“上下文都在講經(jīng)濟發(fā)展

良好，所以該詞應表積極意義，詞庫中符合條件的詞是soared。soaredup意為，高

漲，劇增

2、[C2]

標準答案：E

知識點解析：此處需要形容詞，與good并列修飾jobs。由此可知該詞與good一樣

表積極意義，可先排除temporary。詞庫中符合條件的形容詞有secure和

permanentosecure不能如此搭配，用法不對；permanent較為合適，表明薪水高

的、穩(wěn)定持久的工作。

3、[C31

標準答案：A

知識點解析：此處需要及物動詞的過去式，作謂語。Even在這里有轉(zhuǎn)折之意，所

以根據(jù)主句中的謂語動詞acted（行動，表現(xiàn)）可知該動詞與言語行為有關，由此可

知announced一詞比較合適，意為"宣布"。

4、[C4]

標準答案：O

知識點解析；此處需填可數(shù)名詞，能與ata一起連用。根據(jù)句首的Even,可知此

處應該與前面的highersalesandprofits相反，由此很容易確定loss最為合適。ata

loss意為“虧損

5、[C5]

標準答案：N

知識點解析：此空在were后面，且由副詞so修飾，所以有兩種可能性，一種是形

容詞，另一種是分詞。前文說到失業(yè)率下降，此處的形容詞是100多萬工人自己離

職的原因，由此可確定該詞表消極意義。詞庫中的四個形容詞都不合適，而動詞的

過去分詞形式中，discouraged符合條件，意為“灰心的，喪氣的”。

6、[C6]

標準答案：H

知識點解析：此空在were后面，且由副詞parlially修飾，所以為形容詞或動詞過

去分詞。上文提到unemployment下降，聯(lián)系下文短到的self-employment,可知此

處指“就業(yè)”，由此可確定答案為employed。

7、[C7]

標準答案：B

知識點解析：此處需填可數(shù)名詞。根據(jù)其后的that定語從句，顯然trend最為合

適，意為“趨勢，勢頭：

8、[C8]

標準答案：M

知識點解析：此處需要形容詞或動詞過去分詞。上下文都在說工作不穩(wěn)定，所以答

案顯然是secure（安全的，有安全感的）。

9、[C9]

標準答案：F

知識點解析：此處需要副詞，修飾equalto…。比較詞庫中的兩個副詞virtually和

originally,顯然virtually比較合適，意思是“實際上，事實上

10、[CIO]

標準答案：D

知識點解析：此處需要二真入形容詞。根據(jù)破折號后面對work的解釋，可知該詞表

消極意義。上下文都在說工作不穩(wěn)定，被裁員，所以可確定答案為temporary（臨時

的）。

Lastyear'seconomyintheUnitedStatesshouldhavewontheOscarforbestpicture.

Growthingrossdomesticproductwas4.1percentprofits[Cl]upexports

flourishedandinflation（通貨膨脹）stayedaround3percentforthethirdyear.Sowhy

didsomanyAmericansgivethepictureonlyaBrating?Theanswerisjobs.The

macroeconomic（宏觀經(jīng)濟的）situationwasgood,butthemicroeconomic（微觀經(jīng)濟的）

numberswerenotYes,3millionnewjobswerethere,butnotenoughofthemwere

[C2],goodjobspayingenoughtosupportafamily.Jobinsecuritywasserious.

Evenasthey[C3]highersalesandprofits,corporationsactedasiftheywere

operatingata[C4],cutting516,069jobsin1994alone,almostasmanyasin

thebadyearof1991.Yes,unemploymentwentdown.Butover1millionworkerswere

so[C5]theyleftthelaborforce.Morethan6millionwhowantedfulltime

workwereonlypartially[C6]andanotherlargegroupwasshelteredbehind

self-cmploymcnt.Welostamilliongoodmanufacturingjobsbetween1990and1995,

continuingthe[C7]thathasreducedtheblue-collarworkforcefromabout30

percentinthe1950stoabouthalfthattoday.White-collarworkersfoundouttheywere

nolonger[C8].In1995,forthefirsttime,theywereletgoinnumbers[C9]

equaltothoseforblue-collarworkers.Manyturnto[CIO]work一v/ith

lowerpay,fewerbenefitsandlessstatus.Allthisisacountrywherepeoplemeetingfbr

thefirsttimesay,"Whatdoyoudo?"A.announcedB.trendC.performedD.temporary

E.permanentF.virtuallyG.technicalH.employedI.exposureJ.originallyK.soaredL.

significanceM.secureN.discouragedO.loss

11、[Cl]

標準答案：K

知識點解析：此處需填不及物動詞，可以和up構成詞組。上下文都在講經(jīng)濟發(fā)展

良好，所以該詞應表積吸意義，詞庫中符合條件的詞是soared。soaredup意為，高

漲，劇增”。

12、[C2]

標準答案：E

知識點解析：此處需要形容詞，與good并列修飾jobs。由此可知該詞與good—?樣

表積極意義，可先排除lemporary。詞庫中符合條件的形容詞有secure和

permanentosecure不能如此搭配，用法不對：pemianent較為合適，表明薪水高

的、穩(wěn)定持久的工作。

13、[C3]

標準答案：A

知識點解析：此處需要及物動詞的過去式，作謂語。Even在這里有轉(zhuǎn)折之意，所

以根據(jù)主句中的謂語動詞acied（行動，表現(xiàn)）可知該動詞與言語行為有關，由此可

知announced一詞比較合適，意為“宣布"。

14、[C4]

標準答案：0

知識點解析：此處需填可數(shù)名詞，能與ata一起連用。根據(jù)句首的Even,可知此

處應該與前面的highersalesandprofits相反，由此很容易確定loss最為合適。ata

loss意為“虧損

15、[C5]

標準答案：N

知識點解析：此空在were后面，且由副詞so修飾，所以有兩種可能性，一種是形

容詞，另一種是分詞。前文說到失業(yè)率下降，此處的形容詞是100多萬工人自己離

職的原因，由此可確定該詞表消極意義。詞庫中的四個形容詞都不合適，而動詞的

過去分詞形式中，discouraged符合條件，意為“灰心的，喪氣的”。

16、[C6]

標準答案：H

知識點解析：此空在were后面，且由副詞partially修飾，所以為形容詞或動詞過

去分詞。上文提到unemployment下降,聯(lián)系下文提到的self-employment,可知此

處指“就業(yè)”，由此可確定答案為employed。

17、[C7]

標準答案：B

知識點解析：此處需填可數(shù)名詞。根據(jù)其后的thal定語從句，顯然trend最為合

適，意為“趨勢，勢頭”.

18、[C8]

標準答案：M

知識點解析：此處需要形容詞或動詞過去分詞。上下文都在說工作不穩(wěn)定，所以答

案顯然是secure（安全的，有安全感的）。

19、[C9]

標準答案：F

知識點解析：此處需要副詞，修飾equalto…。比較詞庫中的兩個副詞virtually和

originally,顯然virlually比較合適，熹思是“實際上，事實上“。

20、[C10]

標準答案：D

知識點解析：此處需要填入形容詞。根據(jù)破折號后面對work的解釋，可知該詞表

消極意義。上下文都在說工作不穩(wěn)定，被裁員，所以可確定答案為temporary（臨時

的）。

大學英語四級改革適用（閱讀）模擬試

卷第3套

一、長篇閱讀（本題共20題，每題7.0分，共20分。）

PromoteLearningSkillstorYoungPeopleandAdults[A]Thisgoalplacestheemphasis

onthelearningneedsofyoungpeopleandadultsinthecontextoflifelonglearning.It

callsforfairaccesstolearningprogramsthatarcappropriate,andmentionslifeskills

particularly.|B]Educationisaboutgivingpeopletheopportunitytodeveloptheir

potential,theirpersonalityandtheirstrengths.Thisdoesnotmerelymeanacquiringnew

knowledge,butalsodevelopingabilitiestomakethemostoflife.Thesearecalledlife

skills—includingtheinnercapacitiesandthepracticalskillsweneed.[C]Manyofthe

innercapacities-oftenknownaspsycho-socialskills-cannotbetaughtassubjects.

Theyarenotthesameasacademicortechnicallearning.Theymustratherbemodeled

andpromotedaspartoflearning,andinparticularbyteachers.Theseskillshavetodo

withthewaywebehave-towardsotherpeople,towardsourselves,towardsthe

challengesandproblemsoflife.Theyincludeskillsincommunicating,inmaking

decisionsandsolvingproblems,innegotiatingandexpressingourselves,inthinking

criticallyandunderstandingourfeelings.[D]Morepracticallifeskillsarethekindsof

manualskillsweneedforthephysicaltasksweface.Somewouldincludevocational

skillsundertheheadingoflifeskills-theabilitytolaybricks,sewclothes,catchfishor

repairamotorbike.Theseareskillsbywhichpeoplemayearntheirlivelihoodandwhich

arcoftenavailabletoyoungpeopleleavingschool.Infact,veryoftenyoungpeoplelearn

psycho-socialskillsastheylearnmorepracticalskills.Learningvocationalskillscanbea

strategyforacquiringbothpracticalandpsycho-socialskills.|E|Weneedtoincreaseour

lifeskillsateverystageoflife,solearningthemmaybepartofearlychildhood

education,ofprimaryandsecondaryeducationandofadultlearninggroups.Lifeskills

canbeputintothecategoriesthattheJacquesDelorsreportsuggested;itspokeoffour

pillarsofeducation,whichcorrespondtocertainkindsoflifeskills-Learningtoknow:

thinkingabilitiessuchasproblem-solving,criticalthinking,decisionmaking,

understandingconsequences.Learningtobe:personalabilitiessuchasmanagingstress

andfeelings,selfawareness,self-confidence.Learningtolivetogether:socialabilities

suchascommunication,negotiation,teamwork.Learningtodo:manualskills,practicing

know-howrequiredforworkandtasks.[F]Intoday'sworldalltheseskillsarenecessary

inordertofacerapidchangeinsociety.Thismeansthatitisimportanttoknowhowto

goonlearningaswerequirenewskillsforlifeandwork.Inaddition,weneedtoknow

howtocopewiththefloodofinformationandturnitintousefulknowledge.Wealso

needtolearnhowtohandlechangeinsocietyandinourownlives.[G]Lifeskillsarc

bothconcreteandabstract—practicalskillscanbelearneddirectlyasasubject.For

example,alearnercantakeacourseinlayingbricksandlearnthatskill.Otherlifeskills,

suchasself-confidence,self-esteem,andskillsforrelatingtoothersorthinkingcritically

cannotbetaughtinsuchdirectways.Theyshouldbepartofanylearningprocess,where

teachersorinstructorsareconcernedthatlearnersshouldnotjustlearnaboutsubjects,but

learnhowtocopewithlifeandmakethemostoftheirpotential.[H]Sotheselifeskills

maybelearntwhenpeoplearelearningotherthings.Forexample,learningliteracymay

haveabigimpactonsclf-cstccm,oncriticalthinkingoroncommunicationskills;

learningpracticalskillssuchasdriving,healthcareortailoringmayincreaseself-

confidence,teachproblem-solvingprocessesorhelpinunderstandingconsequences.[I]

Whetherthisistruedependsonthewayofteaching—whatkindsofthinking,relationship

buildingandcommunicationtheteacherorfacilitatormodelsthemselvesandpromotes

amongthelearners.Itwouldrequiretomeasuretheindividualandcollectiveprogressin

makingthemostoflearningandoflife,orassessinghowfarhumanpotentialisbeing

realized,orestimatinghowwellpeoplecopewithchange.Itiseasiertomeasurethe

developmentofpracticalskills,forinstancebycountingthenumberofstudentswho

registerforvocationalskillscourses.However,thisstillmaynottellushoweffectively

theseskillsarebeingused.[J]Thepsycho-socialskillscannoteasilybemeasuredbytests

andscores,butbecomevisibleinchangedbehavior.Progressinthisareahasoftenbeen

notedbyteachersonreportswhichtheymaketotheparentsoftheirpupils.Theteacher's

experienceoflife,ofteachingandofwhatcanbeexpectedfromeducationinthe

broadestsenseserveasastandardbywhichthegrowthanddevelopmentofindividuals

canbeassessedtosomeextent.Thiskindofassessmentisindividualandmaynever

appearininternationaltablesandcharts.|K]Thecurrentchallengesrelatetothese

difficulties:Weneedtorecognizetheimportanceoflifeskills-bothpracticaland

psychosocial-aspartofeducationwhichleadstothefulldevelopmentofhuman

potentialandtothedevelopmentofsociety.Thelinksbetweenpsychosocialskillsand

practicalskillsmustbemoreclearlyspelledout,sothateducatorscanpromoteboth

togetherandfindeffectivewaystodothis.Sincelifeskillsarctaughtaspartofawide

rangeofsubjects,teachersneedtohavetraininginhowtoputthemacrossandhowto

monitorlearners'growthintheseareas.Indesigningcurriculaandsyllabusesfor

academicsubjects,theremustbeabalancebetweencontentteachingandattentiontothe

accompanyinglifeskills.Amoreconsciousanddeliberateefforttopromotelifeskills

willenablelearnerstobecomemoreactivecitizensinthelifeofsociety.|L|

Governmentsshouldrecognizeandactivelyadvocatefbrthetransformationalroleof

educationinrealizinghumanpotentialandinsocio-economicdevelopment.Ensurethat

curriculaandsyllabusesaddresslifeskillsandgivelearnerstheopportunitytomakereal-

lifeapplicationsofknowledge,skillsandattitudes.Showhowlifeskillsofallkindsapply

intheworldofwork,forexample,negotiatingandcommunicationskills,aswell

practicalskills.Throughinitialandin-serviceteachertraining,increasetheuseofactive

andparticipatorylearning/teachingapproaches.Examineandadapttheprocessesand

contentofeducatio