9E燃機(jī)極好的學(xué)習(xí)資料

1、Page 1,9E燃機(jī)極好的學(xué)習(xí)資料,Page 2,Index 目錄,Gas Turbine Principle & General Introduction 燃機(jī)原理及概況 2. Gas Turbine Structure 燃機(jī)本體結(jié)構(gòu) 3. Gas Turbine Accessory Systems 燃機(jī)附屬系統(tǒng) 4. Gas Turbine Control System 燃機(jī)控制系統(tǒng) Gas Turbine Shipment Weight & Dimension 燃機(jī)運(yùn)輸重量及尺寸 6. Gas Turbine Erection Procedure 燃機(jī)安裝步驟 7. Gas Turbi

2、ne Commissioning Procedure 燃機(jī)調(diào)試規(guī)程 8. Gas Turbine Performance Procedure 燃機(jī)性能試驗規(guī)程,Page 3,Physics,Principle of Conservation of Mass: mass in = mass out (Open System) Principle of Conservation of Energy: energy in = energy out energy may be transformed from one form to another (Power Plant converts Chem

3、ical to Thermal to Mechanical to Electrical Energy),Page 4,First Law of Thermodynamics,Q = 727 MW,W= 281 MW,Example: 9FB Energy Balance,DH4-1 = 446 MW,Where: DH = total enthalpy change fluid entering system Q = net thermal energy flowing into system during process W = net work done by the system,Gen

4、eral Energy Equation energy in = energy out, or Q = W + DH,Page 5,Second Law of Thermodynamics,- Amount of energy which is unavailable to do work A measure of disorder,Entropy:,Basic Principle: Heat moves from hot to cold,Page 6,Note: s denotes entropy,Ideal Brayton Cycle Gas Turbine Application,Pag

5、e 7,Real Brayton Cycle Compression and Turbine Expansion Inefficiencies,Typical Values for GE Turbines Compressor Efficiency 0.86-0.89 Turbine Efficiency 0.90-0.93,Page 8,Real Brayton Cycle Pressure Losses - Inlet, Combustor, Exhaust,Typical Values for Turbine Inlet Pressure Loss 3” H2O Exhaust Back

6、 Pressure (SC) 5.5” H2O Exhaust Back Pressure (CC) 15” H2O DLN Combustor 6-7% DP/P,Inlet,Exhaust,Combustor,2,3,1,4,Page 9,Real Brayton Cycle Parasitic Flows for Turbine Cooling,Entropy,Temperature,Compressor Discharge Pressure,Ambient Pressure,Compression,Expansion,Heat Addition,Heat Rejection,Combu

7、stor DP,Exhaust DP,Inlet DP,Stg 1 Cooling,Stg 2 Cooling,Stg 3 Cooling,Stg 1 Nozzle Cooling,4,1,2,3,Page 10,COMPRESSOR,Entropy,The TURBINE transforms thermal energy into mechanical energy (3 4) used for driving the Compressor & Generator,Brayton Cycle Gas Turbine,Page 11,World wide heavy-duty Gas Tur

8、bine manufacturers,Page 12,Evolution of GE Gas Turbines,7FA,7B,First air cooled bucket Firing T 1000C,Firing T 1250C,Page 13,Evolution of MHI Gas Turbines,Page 14,Line-Up of MHI Gas Turbine,Page 15,The Efficiency and Power Output of MHI Gas Turbine,Page 16,MHI 701F / 701G Gas Turbine features,Page 1

9、7,Siemens Gas Turbines,Page 18,Siemens SGT5-4000F (V94.3A),Page 19,Alstom GT26 Gas Turbine Features,Page 20,Alstom Gas Turbine Combined Cycle (50 Hz&60 Hz),Page 21,典型F級機(jī)組和E級機(jī)組的性能及參數(shù),表 1：F級簡單循環(huán)燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)的參考性能（ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參考條件）,注*：這是透平參考進(jìn)口溫度，即透平第一級噴嘴前的溫度。,Page 22,表2：由F級燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)組成的聯(lián)合循環(huán)機(jī)組的參考性能（ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參考條件）,Page 23,表 3：E 級

10、簡單循環(huán)燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)的參考性能（ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參考條件）,Page 24,表4: 由E級燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)組成的聯(lián)合循環(huán)機(jī)組的參考性能（ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參考條件）,Page 25,GE Gas Turbines,9FA at Horizontal Assembly,Page 26,Combustion,Turbine,Major Gas Turbine Components,Air Inlet,Gas Exhaust,Cold End,Hot End,Fuel,Page 27,GE Gas Turbines Family:Evolutions and Performances,Page 28,Shorter Laun

11、ch Cycles Technology matures faster,1986 7F 1260 Tfire,1991 9F 1260 Tfire,1992 7FA 1288 Tfire,1994 6FA 1288 Tfire,ScaleFactor = 0.69,1996 7FA+ 1316 Tfire,1997 7FA+e 1327 Tfire,1997 9FA+e 1327 Tfire,2001 6FA+e 1327 Tfire,ScaleFactor = 1.2,2000 7FB 1370+ Tfire,2002 9FB 1396 Tfire,SIZE (Scaling Factor

12、),(Technology, Materials),Firing Temperature,Evolution of Class F Gas Turbines,5230 RPM Geared Machines for 50 or 60Hz,1992 9FA 1288 Tfire,3000 RPM 50Hz Machines,3600 RPM 60Hz Machines,Page 29,Compressor,Multi-stages, Axial compressor Through Bolted Disc Assy Cast Compressor Casings IGV for flow con

13、trol (1 stage IGV for E/F class) Air discharged to Combustors,Page 30,Combustion System,Can Annular Reverse Flow Chambers Dual Fuel Capability (Gas - Liquid) Dry Low NOx , Standard , or Low BTU Combustion Systems, Water /Steam injection for emission abatement,Page 31,3 Stage Turbine,Air cooled Blade

14、s and Nozzles,Tip shrouded Blades,Turbine ( Air cooled GT ),Rotor Assembly = Bolted Discs & Spacers,Page 32,Page 33,Siemens SGT6-5000F,Page 34,Firing Temperature GE Defined at N1 Trailing Edge,N 1,N 2,N 3,B 1,B 2,B 3,Turbine Exit Flow,Nozzle/Wheelspace Cooling Air (Chargeable),Firing Plane,Combustor

15、,Combustor & N1 Cooling Air (Non-Chargeable),Bucket/Wheelspace Cooling Air (Chargeable),Page 35,Combined Cycle T-S Diagram,5,/,Combined Brayton and Rankin Cycle,T,S,Heat Source,Heat Sink,COMPRESSION,EXPANSION,HRSG,GAS TURBINE,TOPPING CYCLE,BOTTOMING CYCLE,STACK,TEMPERATURE,ENTROPY,COMBUSTION,CONDENS

16、ER,EXPANSION,Page 36,Gas Turbine Cycle Configurations,Page 37,Power Train Center Line Equipment Variations,Generator on the hot (Turbine) side of GT Used prior to 1990s Shaft driven accessories Complex packaging,Generator on the cold (Compressor) side of GT Modern F-class arrangement Electric motor

17、driven accessory skids Modular packaging,Hot End Drive (prior to 1990s) Applied to Frames 51P, 6B,7EA,9E,Cold End Drive Applied to Frames 6FA, 7FA/FB, 9FA/FB,7H,9H,Complex Single-Shaft Power Train,Page 38,Examples of Combine Cycle Plant Arrangements,Multi-shaft CC 2 gas turbines + 1 steam turbine,Si

18、ngle-shaft CC,Page 39,Energy Utilization/Loss in Combined Cycle Power Plant,Page 40,9FA Gas Turbine Power Plant General Layout,Page 41,9FA Gas Turbine Power Plant General Layout,Page 42,9E Gas Turbine General Layout,Mark* VIe Control System - Hardware,GE Gas Turbine Controls,Page 44,100MB Ethernet,U

19、nit Data Highway (EGD, NTP),Plant Data Highway (TCP/IP, OPC, GSM, Modbus, PI Server, DNP 3.0),Controller(s),Operator & Maintenance Stations (HMI),Ethernet,Ethernet,System 1 Condition Monitoring,Historian OSI PI,Turbine I/O,Driven-Load I/O,Remote I/O,Rotating Machinery Control,Process I/O,Process I/O

20、,Remote I/O,Process Control,Controller(s),PTP IEEE1588,100MB Ethernet,PTP IEEE1588,MK VIe Architecture,TCP Panel,Page 45,Turbine Control 1991,7FA Gas Turbine,Industrial Steam,9H Combined Cycle,Turbine / Plant Control 1997,Governor / Plant Control 2003,Networked I/O, 100MB Ethernet / Fiber,Governors,

21、 Hydro, Wind,VME Backplane, Ethernet, WIndows,Proprietary Design,Mark V,Mark VI,Mark VI e,Evolution of Control System,Page 46,MK VIe Enhancement,Dual,Triple,Flexible Redundancy,Page 47,MK VIe TMR Features,TMR configuration,Controller redundancy I/O pack redundancy Terminal board redundancy local tra

22、nsimitters/transducers 2-oo-3 voting for digital inputs Analog inputs voting,Page 48,MK VIe Hardware,Controllers,Power Supplies,IONet Switches,Field Wiring Vertical Channels Top & Bottom Cabinet Access Barrier Blocks Pluggable (2) 3.0mm2 (#12AWG) wires/pt,TCP Outline,Page 49,MK VIe Hardware,TCP Cont

23、roller Rack,Main Processor Board Compact PCI QNX Operating System Unit Data Highway, Ethernet IONet 100MB Ethernet,Optional Second Processor,Power Supply,Processor650MHz 1.66GHz Cache256k bytes 1M byte Ram128M bytes 256M bytes Flash128M bytes 128M bytes CommunicationDual 10/100 Full Duplex Ethernet

24、Power18 to 32Vdc,Page 50,MK VIe Hardware,I/O Packs Plug into Mk VI Termination Boards Barrier & Box Type TBs,Processor32 Bit RISC CPU 266MHz Cache32k bytes Ram32M bytes Flash16M bytes CommunicationDual 10/100 Full Duplex Ethernet Power28Vdc,TCP I/O Packs,Page 51,MK VIe Software,TooloboxST is the sof

25、tware tool for I/O definition, EGD configuration, and control strategy programming.,EGD Configuration,Control Logic Sheet,ToolboxSTconfiguration software,Page 52,Cimplicity is the tool used for HMI (human-man interface) display and editor,Operation Menu,Pushbutton,Live Data,Status Feedback,Setpoint,

26、Alarm Window,CimplicityHMI Display Editor,MK VIe Software,Page 53,9FA Gas Turbine Weight & Dimension,9FA Component Weights and Dimensions,a. Heaviest piece to be handled during erection: kg: 285,000 b. Heaviest piece to be handled during maintenance: kg 77,500 c. Shipping weight of heaviest piece: k

27、g 288,000 Turbine,Page 54,9E Gas Turbine Weight & Dimension,a. Heaviest piece to be handled during erection: kg: 207,000 b. Heaviest piece to be handled during maintenance: kg 49,611 GT rotor c. Shipping weight of heaviest piece: kg 208,000 Turbine,9E Component Weights and Dimensions,Page 55,Gas Tur

28、bine Erection Procedure,安裝過程包含了通用電氣MS 9001FA燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)所有設(shè)備、模塊、管路、電纜 在現(xiàn)場的運(yùn)輸 吊裝、就位、固定和安裝的操作。,1 基礎(chǔ)準(zhǔn)備 基礎(chǔ)準(zhǔn)備包括燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)、發(fā)電機(jī)和輔助模塊的基礎(chǔ)，迸氣系統(tǒng)和排氣系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)與附屬模塊的基礎(chǔ)三部分。,2 燃機(jī)主設(shè)備的安裝,(1)安裝燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)和發(fā)電機(jī)的理想方法是配 備一臺起重機(jī)，或者方法就是利用滑動裝置，從卡車上滾動到基礎(chǔ)上然后就位。 (2)燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)的就位 先在基礎(chǔ)上放好燃機(jī)底部各類鍵銷的固定架，再將燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)吊裝就位并擱置在底板和薄墊 片上，調(diào)整薄墊片直至正確的中心線高度。,Page 56,Gas Turbine E

29、rection Procedure,2 燃機(jī)主設(shè)備的安裝,(3)安裝負(fù)荷聯(lián)軸節(jié)(入口端) 建議采用干冰冷套的方法。安裝時螺栓的緊固要求是測量螺栓的伸長量。 (4)發(fā)電機(jī)的就位安裝 取下發(fā)電機(jī)上的鎖定裝置,提高約25.4mm的距離(往換向器一端的方向)。在發(fā)電機(jī)的底板放置球面墊圈和墊片層，調(diào)整薄墊片直至正確的中心線高度。 (5) 盤車裝置的安裝 安裝人員應(yīng)該對所有的螺栓進(jìn)行裝配和扭矩加載測試。,(6) 燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)排氣擴(kuò)壓段安裝 先布置好排氣擴(kuò)壓段兩側(cè)的彈簧支架，用吊車將排氣擴(kuò)壓段吊裝到彈簧支架上，穿入與排 缸連接的垂直面的螺栓，待調(diào)整好開口間隙后再緊固此部分螺栓，以減少對燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)本體的附加應(yīng)力。安

30、裝排氣擴(kuò)壓段和外殼之間的絕緣材料。,Page 57,Gas Turbine Erection Procedure,2 燃機(jī)主設(shè)備的安裝,(7)最終的定位操作 首先應(yīng)該將發(fā)電機(jī)與燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)、盤車裝置與發(fā)電機(jī)之間的位置確定好，然后根據(jù)要求進(jìn)行設(shè)備的找正找中心工作。注意事項：在進(jìn)行最終的定位操作之前，排氣擴(kuò)壓段應(yīng)該裝配在燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)上。,3 安裝輔助模塊,(1)安裝輔助模塊 在基礎(chǔ)底板上安裝輔助模塊。此模塊包含潤滑油箱、潤滑油過濾器、潤滑油泵和馬達(dá)、潤滑油冷卻器、液壓控制油泵和馬達(dá)、液壓蓄電池、密封油泵、提升油泵、潤滑油蒸汽去霧器和過濾器、 氣體燃料設(shè)備。并按照廠商的說明書來定位油泵和馬達(dá)。,注意事項：輔

31、助模塊的基礎(chǔ)上沒有地腳螺栓。此模塊被設(shè)計安裝在底板上，它包括一個定位銷 和一個導(dǎo)向銷，可以向一端滑動，以補(bǔ)償熱膨脹。模塊上的中心定位銷靠近燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)端。,Page 58,Gas Turbine Erection Procedure,3 安裝輔助模塊,(2)安裝燃料和霧化空氣的模塊及電氣控制室(PEECC)。 注意事項：液體燃料和霧化空氣模塊安裝在6個支撐腿上。PEECC 模塊安裝在8個支撐腿上。,(3)安裝注水模塊、消防模塊、水冷卻模塊、液體燃料前置模塊、空氣處理器模塊、水洗模塊等 六個模塊。,(4)安裝冷卻風(fēng)扇模塊。 (5)安裝LCI和勵磁機(jī)、絕緣觸發(fā)變壓器、總線輔助室。 (6)安裝和裝配封閉

32、母線,Page 59,Gas Turbine Erection Procedure,4 罩殼和平臺的安裝 (1)基礎(chǔ)劃線，并布置與安裝罩殼底部和第一層框架。 (2)安裝發(fā)電機(jī)和燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)罩殼：依次安裝上部框架和面板。注意此處有封閉母線出線排的 管道與其他的管道，應(yīng)和罩殼一起安裝。 (3)安裝排氣風(fēng)扇和阻尼器，安裝通道、平臺和樓梯。同時在燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)和發(fā)電機(jī)的護(hù)欄底部安 裝一個防止老鼠啃咬的裝置。,5 安裝空氣進(jìn)氣系統(tǒng) (1)安裝空氣進(jìn)氣室的強(qiáng)制通風(fēng)系統(tǒng) (2)安裝空氣進(jìn)氣風(fēng)道系統(tǒng) 注意事項：安裝人員應(yīng)該確保風(fēng)道之間的所有接合面都是防水的或者密封的。 (3)安裝空氣進(jìn)氣過濾室 注意事項: 安裝精細(xì)過濾

33、筒一般在機(jī)組第一次運(yùn)行前30天進(jìn)行。,Page 60,Gas Turbine Erection Procedure,6 排氣煙道的安裝 (1)布置好排氣煙道的底部鋼結(jié)構(gòu)。 (2)裝配和焊接排氣煙道的四個部分，上面兩部分和下面兩部分應(yīng)該在水平連接處通過螺栓連接法蘭盤來進(jìn)行定位。,(3)在排氣煙道的外表安裝保溫材料。 (4)安裝排氣擴(kuò)散段和排氣煙道之間的膨脹節(jié)。膨脹節(jié)是由兩個拼裝而成的不銹鋼環(huán)搭 接組成的。 注意事項：排氣煙道和鍋爐進(jìn)口煙道之間的膨脹節(jié)應(yīng)該由鍋爐制造商提供并安裝。,Page 61,Gas Turbine Erection Procedure,7 基礎(chǔ)上的管道安裝 在安裝燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)發(fā)電

34、機(jī)時， 一般由通用電氣公司提供各種on-base部分的管道(包括支撐架、 調(diào)節(jié)裝置和各種儀器)。 注意事項：如果部分管道在出廠之前已經(jīng)裝配到燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)上了，那么剩下的管道和管件一般 是裝在集裝箱中運(yùn)抵現(xiàn)場。此部分的部件號碼在集裝箱內(nèi)的管件儲放柜上有明顯標(biāo)示，每根管道上也有標(biāo)記牌，便于安裝前清點。,8 基礎(chǔ)外的管道安裝 Off-base的管道一般是指外部設(shè)備(非GE供貨)與GE模塊或燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)、發(fā)電機(jī)之間的管道， 以及部分GE模塊與主設(shè)備之間的管路。管路系統(tǒng)設(shè)計由業(yè)主委托設(shè)計院完成，施工單位進(jìn)行施 工。安裝水和二氧化碳管道和液體燃料管道，空氣進(jìn)氣加熱管道，排放管，水洗管道，消防管道和 放空管共七種。

35、 警告：在對任何管道和部件進(jìn)行焊接之前，應(yīng)該確保所有的設(shè)備都已經(jīng)正確接地了，這樣可避免出現(xiàn)過大的電流。在對設(shè)備進(jìn)行焊接操作時，應(yīng)盡量使接地點靠近工作位置。,Page 62,Gas Turbine Erection Procedure,9 裝配電氣部分 安裝各個電氣控制元件包括所有導(dǎo)線、管道、儀表、控制裝置、接線盒和電氣材料的安裝，這些材料用在燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)、發(fā)電機(jī)、電氣控制室(PEECC)、輔助模塊和液體燃料霧化空氣模塊上。 注意：只有在被允許的前提下才能安裝與連接從發(fā)電機(jī)至主變的封閉母線。,10 基礎(chǔ)外的模塊上的電氣安裝 根據(jù)GE的安裝圖紙來安裝所有的控制設(shè)備和儀表(壓力和溫度開關(guān)、測儀表、振動開

36、關(guān)、液位指示、低位開關(guān)報警器)。,11 安裝業(yè)主購買的電氣設(shè)備,由業(yè)主提供的十種電氣設(shè)備：天然氣測量管 和測量孔，低量程壓差計，高量程壓差計，壓力變送器，天然氣測量熱電偶，天然氣監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)，進(jìn)氣傳感器和排氣傳感器, 濕度傳感器性能監(jiān)視器和發(fā)電機(jī)出線等。,Page 63,Gas Turbine Erection Procedure,12 其它設(shè)備的電氣安裝和6.6kV的VAC電源(BOP) 13 電力供應(yīng)：安裝人員負(fù)責(zé)提供動力電纜, 連接GE公司提供的設(shè)備和業(yè)主提供的設(shè)備 14 輔助動力裝置(66kV4125 VAC)：安裝輔助動力電纜和互連導(dǎo)線,15 輔助總線 / LCI室：安裝互連導(dǎo)線。,Pa

37、ge 64,Gas Turbine Commissioning Procedure 9FA,Page 65,Gas Turbine Commissioning Procedure,Page 66,Gas Turbine Commissioning Procedure,Page 67,Gas Turbine Commissioning Procedure,Page 68,Gas Turbine Commissioning Procedure,Page 69,Gas Turbine Commissioning Procedure,Page 70,Gas Turbine Commissioning

38、Procedure,Page 71,Gas Turbine Performance Test Procedure,The Purpose: to measure the performance of the gas turbine-generator units in accordance with the purchase contract. The evaluation procedure: To utilize correction factors to translate the measured performance at the test conditions to the ra

39、ted conditions 3. The performance test international standard: Simple Cycle: ASME PTC 22 Combined Cycle: ASME PTC 46 4. The performance specifications: Power Output xxx,xxx kW Heat Rate, LHV xxx,xxx kJ/kWh Gas Turbine Exhaust Temperature xxx.x C Gas Turbine Exhaust Available Energy xxx.x GJ/hr,Page

40、72,Gas Turbine Performance Test Procedure,5. Rated Conditions Ambient air temperature xx oC Ambient air relative humidity xx % Barometric pressure x.xxx bar (xx.xx psi) Gas Turbine Shaft Speed xxxx rpm Generator power factor x.xx (lagging) Gas turbine conditions New and Clean, xxx Fired Hours Inlet

41、system pressure drop ( contract rated conditions) xx.x mm H2O (x inH2O) Exhaust system pressure drop (contract rated conditions) xxx.x mm Fuel Natural Gas Fuel supply temperature xxx oC (xxx.x oF) Fuel composition % volume Nitrogen (N2) xx.xx Methane (CH4) xx.xx Ethane (C2H6) xx.xx Propane (C3H8) xx

42、.xx Fuel lower heating value xx,xxx,Page 73,Gas Turbine Performance Test Procedure,6. Division of Test Responsibilities Test Activity Conducting Party Witnessing Party Prepare the thermal performance test procedure Provide special instrumentation as specified herein Provide suitable containers for t

43、he collection of fuel samples Perform required station instrumentation calibration checks Witness / Assist station instrumentation calibration checks Install special test instrumentation Direct the installation of special test instrumentation Obtain calibration records and/or flow section dimensions

44、 for the fuel flow section Execute of test program Witness execution of test program Provide copies of pertinent measured data to involved parties Arrange for third party analysis of fuel samples Remove special test instrumentation Calculate corrected performance results and provide preliminary resu

45、lts Issue the final test report,Page 74,Gas Turbine Performance Test Procedure,7. Measurement and Instrumentation Performance test data are of two classes: Primary Data used for performance test calculations Secondary Data not used for performance test calculations, but required for reference or dia

46、gnostic purposes,8. Pre-Test Preparation An off-line water wash of the gas turbine compressor The calibration and proper operation of the control system pertinent station instrumentation and measurement devices, and recording systems will be verified,9. Conducting the Test For each unit, a minimum o

47、f three (3) test runs per rated case listed will be conducted.,Page 75,Gas Turbine Performance Test Procedure,In accordance with paragraph 3.3.4 of ASME PTC 22-1997: Each test run will be conducted over a thirty (30) minute time period. Manual data will be recorded at least five (5) minute intervals

48、 Electronic control system and data acquisition data will be recorded at least one (1) minute intervals As a minimum, a set of two (2) fuel samples will be taken at the beginning and end of each test run All data files, electronic and/or copies of the manual data hard copy sheets relevant for perfor

49、mance testing and evaluation purposes will be given to the witnessing party immediately after the test. Deviations from the procedure in any aspect of the test program should be discussed by the Conducting Party and the Witnessing Party.,Evaluation Calculation formula check and confirmation The corr

50、ection curves will be used to account for the difference between the rated value and the measured value for each parameter,Page 76,Gas Turbine Performance Test Procedure,Performance Correction Curves Examples,Compressor Inlet Temperature vs. Output Compressor Inlet Relative Humidity vs. Output Barometric Pressure vs. Output Shaft Speed vs. Output