現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語 (3)ppt課件

1、現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語,現(xiàn)在分詞是由動詞原形加詞尾-ing構(gòu)成，現(xiàn)在分詞有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，通常有以下幾種形式（以do為例）,主動形式 被動形式 一般時 (not) doing (not) be doing 完成時 (not) having done (not) having been done,現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語，通常都表示主語在進(jìn)行的另一個動作，其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致，且必須與句子的主語是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，動詞ing形式的動作是次要動作?，F(xiàn)在分詞可以做時間，條件，結(jié)果，讓步，方式等狀語，相當(dāng)于相應(yīng)的狀語從句。 做時間，原因或條件時，通常位于主句前面，做方式，伴隨或結(jié)果狀語時，通常位于主句后

2、面。 如果分詞表示的動作和謂語的動作同時發(fā)生或幾乎同時發(fā)生，用現(xiàn)在分詞一般時，如果分詞動作明顯在位于動詞之前發(fā)生，用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時。,一做伴隨狀語：分詞等于and連接兩個動詞或分句,The dog came in.It follow its master. =The dog came in,following its master. The children ran out of the room,laughing and taking merrily. They stood there for an hour,watching the game.,二原因狀語相當(dāng)于as,since,beca

3、use等引起的原因狀語從句，常位于句首，句中或句末。,Seeing nobady at home,she decided to leave them a note. No knowing her address,we couldnt get intouch with her. Being so poor in those days,we couldt afford to send the boy to the hospital. Not having received an answer,he decided to write another letter.,三時間狀語 相當(dāng)于when,whi

4、le,as等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，常位于句首或句末,Having arrived at the factory,they immediately set to work. Be careful when crossing the street. On arriving in London,he managed to get in touch with her.,四條件狀語 相當(dāng)于if等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，常位于句首,Working hard , you will succeed. Knowing anything about it, I will tell you all. -I could g

5、o and get someone to bring the car. -No,thanks.Ill be better if walking.,五結(jié)果狀語 現(xiàn)在分詞表示必然的結(jié)果，前可加thus。（不定式表示出乎意料的結(jié)果）,His husband died in 1942,leaving her with five children. The bus was held up by snowing,thus causing the delay. He was caught in the rain , thus making himself catch cold.,六讓步狀語 相當(dāng)于altho

6、ugh,though,even if,even though引起的讓步狀語從句，常位于句首,Being a lot of books for exam,he failded in it because of learning method. Knowing all this ,they made me pay for the damage.,七方式狀語分詞等于介詞with引起的方式狀語或and并列的兩個謂語動詞,Being walking slowly,I approached the little window. =Walking slowing ,I approached the litt

7、le window. He stood learning against the wall. =He stood and learn against the wall.,八現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式指分詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在主句的謂語動詞之前，若分詞所表示的動作與主語之間是主謂關(guān)系，則用having done，若是動賓（被動）關(guān)系，則用having been done.,Having worked in the country for three years,he knew how to get vegetables. Having been translate into several language

8、s,the book became famous all over the worrld. Having finished his homework,he went to bed.,九現(xiàn)在分詞獨(dú)立成分的特殊使用：generally speaking(一般來說);frankly speaking(坦白的說);exactly speaking(嚴(yán)密/確切的說);judging from/by(根據(jù)判斷);considering(考慮到),Generally speaking,girls are more interested in leterature than boys. Judging fro

9、m her accent,she must come from Arabian countries.,十現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別（1）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，現(xiàn)在分詞的動作就是句子主句的動作，它們之間的關(guān)系是主動的,He went out shutting the door behind him. Not knowing what to do,he went to his parents for help.,(2)過去分詞作狀語時，過去分詞表示的動作是句子主語承受的動作，它們之間的關(guān)系是被動的額,Faced with difficulties,we must try to overcome t

10、hem. Given more attention,the tree could have grown better.,十一分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語和句子的主語保持一致,Hearing the news ,Tom felt very happy. () Being sunny ,we decided to go to for a picnic. (),如果分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致，則在分詞5結(jié)構(gòu)前加邏輯主語，構(gòu)成分詞的獨(dú)立主個,Class being over,the childen went home. Nobody being in the room,I didnt go in. All the guests having arrived,the meeting was decleared open. He went into the front door,his son following him.,動詞不定式作狀語,1）目的狀語To only to (僅僅為了),in order to,so as to,so(such) as to (如此以便)He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。I come he