高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語法部分 考點(diǎn)5 動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)精品學(xué)案 北師大版

1、考點(diǎn)5 動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)1.主要考查的知識點(diǎn)：(1)動詞的過去時(shí)、完成時(shí)的用法及區(qū)別(2)時(shí)態(tài)在被動語態(tài)中的體現(xiàn)(3)根據(jù)語境選用正確的時(shí)態(tài)2.復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)：(1)掌握動詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)的用法，尤其是過去時(shí)和完成時(shí)。(2)掌握各種時(shí)態(tài)的用法區(qū)別。(3)掌握被動語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)以及不能用被動語態(tài)的情況。動詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的考查往往結(jié)合在一起。解題時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)要結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語或上下文提示，分析題干句子的語境，確定正確的時(shí)態(tài)。涉及到語態(tài)的問題應(yīng)考慮是不是主動表被動的情況。(1)The geography teacher told us the earth moved around the sun. 改錯(cuò)(movedmove

2、s)(2) We always care for each other and help each other.(3) All the students here is belonging to No.1 Middle School. 改錯(cuò)(is belongingbelong)(4) The shop will close at 11：00 pm. 改錯(cuò)(will closecloses)(5) The harder you study, the better results you will get.(6) See to it that you are not late again.1一般

3、現(xiàn)在時(shí)(動詞用原形或第三人稱單數(shù))動詞時(shí)態(tài) 規(guī)則1：表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理(不受時(shí)態(tài)限制)，如：(1)中的“move”。規(guī)則2：表示現(xiàn)狀、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)時(shí)，多用系動詞或狀態(tài)動詞；表示經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣性的動作時(shí)，多用動作動詞，且常與表頻率的時(shí)間狀語連用，如：(2)。規(guī)則3：表示知覺、態(tài)度、感情、某種抽象的關(guān)系或概念的詞：see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, agree, believe, like, hate, want, think, belong to, seem等常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，如：(3)。規(guī)則4：少數(shù)用于表示起止動作的瞬間動詞，如：come, go, lea

4、ve, arrive, fly, return, start, begin, open, close, end, stop用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作，如：(4)。規(guī)則5：在the morethe more句型中，前者通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)，如：(5)。規(guī)則6：在make sure, see to it, mind, care, matter后的賓語從句的謂語動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)，如：(6)。【注意】 在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。但要注意由if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示時(shí)態(tài)。2. 一般過去時(shí)

5、(動詞用過去式：v.ed或不規(guī)則變化)(1) I met her in the street yesterday. I think the film would be interesting, but it isnt. 改錯(cuò) (thinkthought)(2) He told me he read an interesting novel last night. 規(guī)則1：一般過去時(shí)，表示過去的事情、動作或狀態(tài)，常與表示過去具體的時(shí)間狀語連用(或有上下文語境暗示)；如(1)中的met。用于表達(dá)過去的習(xí)慣，表示說話人原來沒有料到、想到或希望的事，如：(1)。規(guī)則2：如果從句中有一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間狀語，

6、盡管從句中的動作先于主句發(fā)生，但從句中的謂語動詞仍用過去式，如：(2)。3. 一般將來時(shí)(1) Well die without air or water.(2) Its said that he is coming this afternoon. (3) Youve left the light on. Oh, so I have. Ill go and turn it off.(4)Work hard, and you will pass the exam.(5)A meeting is to be held at 3：00 this afternoon.規(guī)則1：表示未來的動作或狀態(tài)，常與

7、表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用，如tomorrow，next week等。規(guī)則2：表示一種趨向或習(xí)慣動作。如：(1)。規(guī)則3：表示趨向行為的動詞，如：come，go，start，begin，leave等，常用進(jìn)行時(shí)的形式表示將來時(shí)，如：(2)?！咀⒁狻縝e going to與will, shall, be to do, be about to do用法及區(qū)別：(1)shall / will do表示未事先考慮過，即說話時(shí)臨時(shí)作出的決定，如：(3)。(2) 在祈使句and/or陳述句句型中，陳述句中只能用will /情態(tài)動詞動詞原形，如：(4)。(3) be going to表示現(xiàn)在打算最近或?qū)硪瞿?/p>

8、事，這種打算往往經(jīng)過事先考慮，甚至已做了某種準(zhǔn)備；be going to不能用在條件狀語從句的主句中；而will則能，表意愿。be going to 還表示有跡象表明即將發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。If it is fine, well go fishing.()If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.()The dark clouds are gathering. Theres going to be a storm.(4) be to do sth.表按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作，還可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等，如：(5)。(5) be about to

9、 do sth.表示“即將，就要”，在時(shí)間上指最近的將來，后面不能接時(shí)間狀語。4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) (am/is/arev.ing)(1) He is teaching English and learning Chinese. (2) The girl is always talking loud in public.規(guī)則1：表示說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生著的一個(gè)動作或表示現(xiàn)階段或近期某特定的安排或計(jì)劃，如：(1)。規(guī)則2：與always, often等頻度副詞連用，表經(jīng)常反復(fù)的行動或某種感情色彩，如：(2)?！咀⒁狻恳话闱闆r下，下面4類動詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：(1)表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動作：like, love

10、, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。(2) 表存在的狀態(tài)的動詞：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to, depend on。(3) 表示瞬時(shí)性動作的動詞：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。(4) 表示感官的動詞：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。5現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(has/havev.ed)(1) Weve planted

11、 thousands of trees in the past few years.(2)I have kept the computer for a year.(3) Dont get off the bus until it stop. 改錯(cuò)(stophas stopped)規(guī)則1：表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。常與since時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for時(shí)間段及介詞短語：during / in / over the last (past) few years (months, weeks), in recent years等連用，如：(1)。規(guī)則2：表示到現(xiàn)在為止已完成的動作，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)

12、果對現(xiàn)在造成的影響。規(guī)則3：非延續(xù)性動詞leave, arrive, come, go, return, join, die, buy, borrow等的完成時(shí)態(tài)，在肯定句中不能與for 或since 等引導(dǎo)的段時(shí)間連用，要轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)意義的延續(xù)性動詞才能與一段時(shí)間連用。但其否定式可與這類時(shí)間狀語連用，如：(2)。【注意】現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別：(1)雖然動作都發(fā)生在過去，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，而一般過去時(shí)的動作與現(xiàn)在沒任何聯(lián)系了。I have closed the door. (強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在門還是關(guān)著的)I closed the door. (強(qiáng)調(diào)過去曾發(fā)生關(guān)門的動作)(2) 下

13、列句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： It is (has been) 一段時(shí)間 since從句 This(That / It)is the first(second)time that現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) This(That / It)is the onlythat現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) This(That / It)is the best / finest / most interesting that現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。(3) 在時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以代替一般將來時(shí)，如：(3)。6過去完成時(shí)(had ved)(1) By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 ca

14、rs.(2) When Jack arrived, Mary had_been_away(離開) for almost an hour.(3) I had_hoped_to_send_him(本打算送給他的) a Christmas card, but I forgot to do so.(4)He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.(5)We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. No_s

15、ooner_had we been_seated than the bus started.(6) After he (had)left the room, the boss came in.(7)It was the second time that he had been out with her.(8) We arrived earlier than we had expected.6過去完成時(shí)(had ved)規(guī)則1：在by, by the end, by the time, until, before, since后接表示過去某一時(shí)間的短語或從句，其謂語動詞則表示在某一時(shí)刻或某一動作

16、之前已經(jīng)完成了的動作，即“過去的過去”，如：(1)。規(guī)則2：表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一過去時(shí)刻的動作或狀態(tài)，即“從過去到過去”，如：(2)。規(guī)則3：表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended / thought / wanted / expectedto do或用上述動詞的過去式接不定式完成式表示，即：hoped / planned to have done，如：(3)?！咀⒁狻?1)“時(shí)間名詞 before”在句子中作狀語，謂語動詞用過去完成時(shí)；“時(shí)間名詞 ago”在句中作狀語，謂語動詞用一般過去時(shí)，如：

17、(4)。(2) 表示“一就”的幾個(gè)句型：Hardly/scarcelywhen (before)No soonerthan如：(5)。(3) 在before或after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)代替過去完成時(shí)，如：(6)。(4) It/That/This was the first(second, third)time that (從句中用過去完成時(shí)態(tài))，如：(7)。(5) than sb. had thought/expected/hoped/wanted，如：(8)。(1) I said I would arrange everything.(2) I was about to l

18、eave when the telephone rang.7. 過去將來時(shí)(would do, was / were going to do) 規(guī)則：過去將來時(shí)表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的事情，如：(1)。【注意】(1) was / were to do sth.和was / were about to do sth.表過去將來， was/were about to do sth.常與when搭配，如：(2)。(2)come, go, leave等用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表過去將來時(shí)。(1) During the summer of 2010 she was traveling in Europe.(2

19、) I met Diana while I was shopping this morning.(3) I was wondering if you could give me a lift.8. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(was/were v.ing)規(guī)則1：過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動作或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生或頻繁發(fā)生，如：(1)。規(guī)則2：某一動作發(fā)生時(shí)另一動作正在發(fā)生，常用于由while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中，如：(2)。規(guī)則3：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示委婉語氣，如：(3)。(1)His wallet got stolen on the bus to the office. (2) Street lights are

20、often turned on at six in winter. (3) This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop.(4) The pupils were given some advice by the pianist.Some advice was_given_to the pupils by the pianist.(5)The boss made them work ten hours a day.They_were_made_to_work ten hours a day by the boss.被動語態(tài)(6) Paper is kn

21、own to have been first made in China.It is known that paper was first made in China. (7)These books are_going_to_be_posted(post) tomorrow.(8) We havent been invited to the party.(9)The problem is being discussed by the students.(10)Your composition must be handed in tomorrow.(11)These novels wont se

22、ll well.(12)The house requires cleaning(clean) at once. 被動語態(tài)(13)The girl isnt easy to get along with.(14)He is seated on a bench.He seats(seat) himself on a bench.(15)He was hidden behind the door. He hid himself behind the door.(16)The book was sold by a certain bookstore. (被動語態(tài)) The book is well s

23、old. (系表結(jié)構(gòu))被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：助動詞be/get及物動詞的過去分詞。用法：(1)動作的執(zhí)行者不知道是誰或難以說明時(shí)常用被動語態(tài)，如：(2)。(2) 當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者時(shí)，用被動語態(tài)，如：(3)。【注意】(1) 帶雙賓語動詞的被動語態(tài)，若將間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)中的主語，直接賓語則保留不變；若將直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)中的主語，間接賓語前則需加介詞to 或for，如：(4)。(2) 動詞make, have, let, see, watch, hear, feel等接動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，動詞不定式不帶to；但他們變成被動語態(tài)時(shí)后面的不定式都須加上to，如：(5)。(3) 當(dāng)句子的謂語為sa

24、y, believe, expect, think, know, write, consider, report, suggest, think等時(shí)，被動語態(tài)有兩種形式： 謂語動詞用被動語態(tài)，動詞不定式作主補(bǔ)。 用it作形式主語，真正的主語在后面，用主語從句來表示，如：(6)。被動語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)：(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 助動詞am/is/are 動詞的過去分詞，如：(2)、(3)。(2) 一般過去時(shí)助動詞was/were 動詞的過去分詞，如：(4)。(3) 一般將來時(shí)will 或be going to be 動詞的過去分詞，如：(7)。(4) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)助動詞have/has been 動詞的過去分詞，如：(8)。(5) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)be being 動詞的過去分詞，如：(9)。(6) 帶有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)情