中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解解題技巧(精).ppt

1、閱讀理解解題技巧,閱讀理解 是英語(yǔ)能力培養(yǎng)的重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目，是考試的一個(gè)重要題型，分值高、題量大。閱讀理解考查的根本是檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生對(duì)有關(guān)信息的加工能力。 閱讀理解能力的重要標(biāo)志是閱讀速度和理解力的正確率。 因此，閱讀理解的功夫應(yīng)下在平時(shí)。多分析題型，多了解考點(diǎn)，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。,廣東2007年考題要求考生能讀懂書(shū)報(bào)雜志中關(guān)于一般性的簡(jiǎn)短文段以及公告說(shuō)明廣告等,并能從中獲取相關(guān)的信息。 1 理解主旨和要義 2 理解文中的具體位置 3 根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義 4 作出判斷和推理 5 理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu) 6 理解作者的意圖觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度,主旨大意型,事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型,詞 義 猜 測(cè) 型,命 題 類,推

2、理 判 斷 型,Step Two: How to Dealing with the Problems on Reading Comprehension,一、主旨大意題 （做題要領(lǐng)）,1. 干擾項(xiàng) 可能屬文中某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)。,2. 干擾項(xiàng) 可能屬?gòu)奈闹心承?(不完全的) 事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。,3. 干擾項(xiàng) 可能屬非文章事實(shí)的主觀臆斷。,(正確答案) 是根據(jù)文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出來(lái)的；但不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過(guò)其實(shí)或以偏概全。,1)What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)Which of the following can summar- ize

3、the main idea of this text? 3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea? 4)Which is the subject discussed in the text? 6)Whats the best title for this passage?,主旨大意題的常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)形式:,閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練,Basic Training,-主旨大意題,Passage 1 In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the Ame

4、rican market, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before. The flood of cheaper for-eign cars has not cast American autoworkers their jobs as some experts predicted. Ford operates as far as Asia, and General Motors is considered Australians biggest employer. Yet Gen

5、eral Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insatiable(不能滿足的）society.,練習(xí)題,細(xì)節(jié)題,解釋,Question: Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraph A. GM is one of the largest car producers. B. Ford operates not

6、 only in the U.S.A., but also in Asia. C. The foreign cars have not taken away the jobs of American autoworkers. D. The flood of the cheaper foreign cars is terrible for American autoworkers.,文章,解釋,【解析】答案為C。take sth. away of sb.和 cast sb. sth. 的意思相似。 本段落以一、二句引出要表達(dá)的主題，在主題句出現(xiàn)后，再舉例子陳述細(xì)節(jié)或繼續(xù)論證。 尋找主題句往往是做

7、好此類題的關(guān)鍵。每段的主題句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和歸納分析)一般都用來(lái)表示一個(gè)段落的主旨大意。,文章,文章中心是論點(diǎn)，事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)是論據(jù)或主要理由；有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的問(wèn)題常對(duì)文中某個(gè)詞語(yǔ)、某句子、某段落等細(xì)節(jié)及事實(shí)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，所提問(wèn)題一般可直接或間接在文章中找到答案。,提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。,事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型,解題原則：忠實(shí)于原文上下文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。,1）Which of the following statement is true? 2）Which of the following is not menti

8、oned in the text? 3）The author ( or the passage) states that_. 4）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_?,在閱讀理解中，要求查找主要事實(shí)和特定細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題常有以下幾種命題方式：,閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練,Basic Training,-事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型,Q1) _ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35to 90. A. 55 B. 17

9、5 C. 325 D. 275,Q2) Which statement is TRUE according to the chart above? A. A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does. B. A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does. C. An office worker requires the same amount of calori

10、es per day as a woman feeding a baby does. D. A farmer requires nearly 1.5 times the amount of calories that an office worker does.,解釋,文章,Passage2 The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to st

11、ay healthy? The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart shows,練習(xí)題,解釋,第三節(jié),【解析】答案為 D 。 根據(jù)文章細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，計(jì)算公式為： (90-35)51=275 【解析】答案為 C 。 根

12、據(jù)文章圖表，依次驗(yàn)證A、B、C、D 四個(gè)答案的內(nèi)容是否正確。很易找出 C 符合圖表內(nèi)容。,文章,同義法 常在詞或短語(yǔ)之間有并列連詞and或or，它們連接的兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進(jìn)的，由此可以推測(cè)。,反義法 如 hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定?？傊?，詞與詞間都起著互為線索的作用。,釋義法 對(duì)文章中的生詞用定語(yǔ)（從句）、表語(yǔ)甚至于用逗號(hào)、破折號(hào)等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)引出并加以解釋說(shuō)明。,詞義猜測(cè)型,情景推斷法、代詞替代法等,判斷詞義,1）文中找線索或信息詞; 2) 根據(jù)熟悉的詞及詞義判斷新單詞之意； 3）根據(jù)上下文判斷新詞匯在特定句中確切意思。,

13、做題要領(lǐng),閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練,Basic Training,-詞義猜測(cè)型,Q: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate” A. repeat B. reiterated C. uneducated D. sick Passage3: Most women in Ghana the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition t

14、o maintaining their roles as housewi- ves and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved(應(yīng)得的，值得的).,解 釋,第四節(jié),解 釋,這段文字中講到加納這個(gè)國(guó)家中 的大多數(shù)婦女，受過(guò)教育的 （educated）和沒(méi)有受過(guò)教育的 （illiterate）；住在城市的 （urban）和住在農(nóng)村的（rural），年輕的（young）和年長(zhǎng)的（old）正好是一對(duì)對(duì)反義詞。因此

15、選 C 項(xiàng)。,本題答案選C,推理判斷題：高考重頭戲，20個(gè)題中常有6-8個(gè)，著重考查學(xué)生歸納概括、邏輯推理等綜合能力。,以原文內(nèi)容為前提，據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)理論（非考生觀點(diǎn)），客觀地對(duì)文中未明顯說(shuō)明的現(xiàn)象或事例給予合理的邏輯推斷，做出一定解釋。,推理判斷型,透過(guò)現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，領(lǐng)悟作者思想傾向、觀點(diǎn)、立場(chǎng)、語(yǔ)氣及態(tài)度等。,推理判斷題（做題要領(lǐng)）,既要求學(xué)生透過(guò)文章表面文字信息推測(cè)文章隱含意思，又要求學(xué)生對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點(diǎn)。,推理判斷型常見(jiàn)的命題方式有： The passage implies (暗示) that_. We

16、can conclude (得出結(jié)論) from the passage that_. Which of the following can be inferred (推論)? What is the tone (語(yǔ)氣) of the author ? What is the purpose (目的) of this passage? The passage is intended to _. Where would this passage most probably appear?,閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練,Basic Training,-推理判斷型,One of the things to be

17、 learnt in a foreign language is guessing all the time what kind of thing to come when listening to someone talking. People do this all the time in their own language, so it is necessary (必要的) to do this in a foreign language, too. Here are some examples. 1. Whats the matter？ I went to a party last

18、night, so I 2. I feel so tired these days. I think youd better 3.Of course, she never stops talking. She is one of the most You can see from the above three examples that the context (上下文) helps a lot in understanding what is being talked about. So guessing is very important in understanding English

19、, especially (尤其)spoken English.,練習(xí)題,解釋,P5,Q: From the passage we can infer (推斷) that guessing is _in learning a foreign language. A. the only way B. more important in spoken English than in written English C. more important than any other way D. more important in written English than in spoken Engl

20、ish,文章,B,解析：文章提到猜測(cè)語(yǔ)言意思對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)來(lái)說(shuō)非常重要。猜測(cè)意思不是學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的唯一方法，但對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)，尤其是口語(yǔ)，起到重要的作用。,文章,研究近幾年高考閱讀理解試題，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)命題者越來(lái)越注重考查學(xué)生把握全文及中心思想的能力及推理判斷能力，因此有關(guān)閱讀理解題目更為重要的是: 主旨大意型 推理判斷型,summary,One of the things to be learnt in a foreign language is guessing all the time what kind of thing to come when listening to someone talk

21、ing. People do this all the time in their own language, so it is necessary (必要的) to do this in a foreign language, too. Here are some examples. 1. Whats the matter？ I went to a party last night, so I 2. I feel so tired these days. I think youd better 3.Of course, she never stops talking. She is one

22、of the most You can see from the above three examples that the context (上下文) helps a lot in understanding what is being talked about. So guessing is very important in understanding English, especially (尤其)spoken English.,1.This passage tells us mainly about _. A. the importance of guessing in learni

23、ng a foreign language B. how to guess what one is going to talk about C. some examples of right guessing D. how important it is to guess all the time 2. From the context, we can see maybe the finished answer in EXAMPLE I is _. A. so I didnt have a good time. B. so I went to bed very late. C. . So I felt unhappy. D. so I got up very early.,A,B,3. Maybe the finished answer in EXAMPLE 2 is _. A