成人高考英語,專題4---閱讀理解.ppt

1、全國成人高考英語 專題復(fù)習(xí),閱讀理解,閱讀技巧,主旨大意題,推斷題,細(xì)節(jié)理解題,詞義理解題,練習(xí),一、如何做主旨大意題,1. 要搞清的是問某一段還是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息來把握文脈，進(jìn)行綜合歸納，概括文章的主題。 2. 如有標(biāo)題，標(biāo)題中的蘊(yùn)含的信息往往是關(guān)鍵信息。 3. 任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開的，因此，許多文章中最明顯的特點(diǎn)之一是有一個反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。,1). 主題型主旨大意題的題干表現(xiàn)形式: The main idea of the passage is The passage is mainly about Whi

2、ch of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? What is the passage mainly about? 2). 目的類主旨大意題 The passage is meant to . The purpose of this article is to 3). 標(biāo)題類主旨大意題 The best title for the passage might be,應(yīng)試技巧 如何尋找主題句,Sample 1 People have different tastes in food. Some

3、 feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fa

4、st-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.,（1）主題句在段首,Sample 2 Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised t

5、o satisfy all students at the same time.,（2）主題句在段尾,練中學(xué),Sample 3 Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the

6、back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.,（3）在短文中間,return,二、推斷題,1.解推斷題應(yīng)注意： (1)不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)； (2)推理的根據(jù)來自于上下文。,2.推斷題的常見形式： (1) It can be inferred from the text that _. (2) From the text we know that _. (3) The story imp

7、lies that _. (4) The paragraph following the passage will most probably be _. (5) The writers attitude towardis _.,3.解推斷題的方法： 解推斷題最主要的方法是根據(jù)詞義關(guān)系推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)。,Example 1 One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches (蟑螂) and two spider

8、s.” “What do you need these things for?” the shop assistant was very surprised. “Well，”replied the man，“Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.” Q： The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the house

9、, it was _. A. very clean B. just cleaned by the landlord C. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects,三、細(xì)節(jié)理解題 細(xì)節(jié)理解題就是我們常見的wh-題，它們大多是根據(jù) 文章中的具體信息如事實(shí)、例證、原因、過程、論述等進(jìn)行提問的。有些問題可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些則要我們在理解的基礎(chǔ)上將有關(guān)內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化才能找到，比如計(jì)算、排序、是非判斷、圖形比較等。做此類題的方法一般是先用尋讀法找出與問題相關(guān)的詞語或句子，再對相關(guān)的部分進(jìn)行細(xì)讀，找出正確答案。,This huge dam i

10、s in the Black Canyon. It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road， which is on the top of the dam. This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside. The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom. There is enough concrete in this dam to

11、build a highway from New York to San Francisco. Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years. This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936. Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States. Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is s

12、ituated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.,1.直接事實(shí)題,Q： Hoover Dam lies _. A. between Arizona and Nevada B. in the Black Canyon C. between New York and San Francisco D. both A and B,2.間接事實(shí)題: Invited by Mr. Ye Huixian, host of the well received TV programme “Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asi

13、a of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday. Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old， Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess. Before she took part in the competition, she had been an

14、 airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years. However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage, dancing, singing, making-up and other proper manners, designed by the Asia TV Station. Q： Which of the following is NOT true? A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai. B. Luo Li

15、n moved to Hong Kong with her parents. C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991. D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.,return,四、詞義理解題 做此類題時，應(yīng)盡可能地利用生詞所在的上下文來猜測詞義，即利用我們所熟悉的詞或短語和上下文中的已知部分進(jìn)行邏輯上的推理，有時還需依靠構(gòu)詞法。,Example 1 Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 fro

16、m the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tonnes of CO2 each year: equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year. Q The underlined phrase “mopping up” in the second paragraph means_. A cleaning up B taking in C

17、 wiping out D giving out,Example 2 Towards the evening, there comes the grand finale of the opening day, an extremely exciting horse race. All the riders run very fast on horseback. Some riders hang off the side of their saddles(馬鞍 ）. Some even ride upside down-their legs and feet straight up in the

18、 air- all at full speed. Q: The underlined word “finale” in the fourth paragraph most probably means the_ of the opening day. A first part B middle C last part D whole,return,練中學(xué),I: English is clearly an international language. It is spoken by pilots and airport control operators on all the airways of the world. Over 70 percent of the worlds radio programs are in English.,EX 1 Please find out the key sentence of the following passages.,主旨題,推理題 exercise 1 Clocks and other timepieces were set ahead one hour at 2:00 AM on Sunday, May 4 so that 2:00 AM became 3:00 A