語(yǔ)法總結(jié)-過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(全).doc

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)（Past Progressive Tense） 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)方法用法：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，是表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。一、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) when, while例如：1. My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle . 我哥哥騎自行車的時(shí)候從車上摔下來(lái)。2. It was raining when they left the station. 他們離開車站的時(shí)候天正在下雨。3. They left the station while it was raining . 天正在下雨的時(shí)候他們離開了車站。4. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 當(dāng)我到達(dá)山頂?shù)臅r(shí)候，陽(yáng)光燦爛。二、 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的事情。時(shí)間點(diǎn)可以用介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞或從句來(lái)表示。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, 例如：1. What was she doing at nine oclock yesterday? 昨天晚上九點(diǎn)她在做什么？ (介詞短語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間點(diǎn))2. When I saw him he was decorating his room. 當(dāng)我看見他的時(shí)候他正在裝飾房間。 (when從句表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)) 3. We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七點(diǎn)到九點(diǎn)的時(shí)候我們?cè)诳措娨暋?4. What was he researching all day last Sunday? 上周日他一整天都在研究什么？三、 在復(fù)合句中，如果主要?jiǎng)幼骱捅尘皠?dòng)作都是延續(xù)的或同時(shí)發(fā)生的，那么主從句的動(dòng)詞都可用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如：1. While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.他邊等車邊看報(bào)。 (兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)的)2. He was cleaning his car while I was cooking. 他擦車時(shí)我在做飯。(兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行)四、 通常不能用于過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞主要有：agree, be, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have(擁有), hear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish等。例如：誤：I was knowing the answer.正：I knew the answer. 我知道答案。誤：I wasnt understanding him.正：I didnt understand him. 我不明白他的意思。典型例題：1) Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes 答案C. 割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用過去時(shí)。同時(shí)，when表時(shí)間的同時(shí)性，“瑪麗在做衣服時(shí)”提供事情發(fā)生的背景，因此用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。2) As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read; was fallingB. was reading; fellC. was reading; was fallingD. read;fell 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意為當(dāng)之時(shí)。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時(shí)，用過去進(jìn)行；一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。句意為 在她看報(bào)紙時(shí)，奶奶睡著了。句中的 fell (fall的過去時(shí))，是系動(dòng)詞，后跟形容詞，如：fall sick。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別一一般過去時(shí)敘述舊事，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)描述背景。 、一般過去時(shí) ）敘述過去狀態(tài)、動(dòng)作或事件 He went to Beijing the other day.（帶具體時(shí)間） ）表示過去的習(xí)慣 a) would ,used to與過去時(shí) would 表間斷性不規(guī)則的習(xí)慣，常帶頻率時(shí)間 used to 表一貫性有規(guī)律的習(xí)慣 They used to meet and would sometimes exchange one or two words. He smoked a lot two years ago. （過去行為） b) Would 用于文中不用于句首，只表過去習(xí)慣。 Used to 表今昔對(duì)比的含義，敘述習(xí)慣動(dòng)作可與would 換用。 When he was a boy , he would often go there . （敘述過去） She isnt what she used to be. (今昔對(duì)比) c) 表示狀態(tài)時(shí)一般只用used to Tom used to be fat /There used to stand a tree there. (狀態(tài)) d) was (were) used to +ving表示“合適于，適應(yīng)于.” He used to work at night . (“習(xí)慣”表經(jīng)常) He was used to working at night. (習(xí)慣表適應(yīng)) ）表示過去的經(jīng)歷，平行動(dòng)作，依此事件用一般過去時(shí)。 He sat there and listened to the radio.(依此發(fā)生) ）表示客氣委婉的語(yǔ)氣，用于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞和want , wonder , hope 等 How did you like the film? / Could you help me? B. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示在過去某階段或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生 What were you doing at 8:30 last night? (過去某時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生) 短暫性動(dòng)詞用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃、打算 During that time he was going with us.(表示打算) 與always ,often ,usually 等連用表喜愛，討厭等感情色彩。 He was always Changing his mind. 二、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別 A. 進(jìn)行時(shí)表某一行為的“片斷”一般時(shí)表示行為的“整體”和存在的狀態(tài)。 I was reading the book at that time. (未讀完，“讀”的片段) I read the book yesterday. (已讀完，表整個(gè)“讀”) B、一般持續(xù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)多與進(jìn)行時(shí)連用 It was raining all night.(優(yōu)先用was raining ,rained 為持續(xù)動(dòng)詞，故也可使用) He was writing a letter the whole of afternoon. (短暫動(dòng)詞與持續(xù)時(shí)間連用，表反復(fù)，連續(xù)發(fā)生，不可用一般過去時(shí)) C、while 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中用短暫動(dòng)詞時(shí)只能用進(jìn)行時(shí)。 例：He broke a chair while he was jumping up and down. D、While 所在主從句動(dòng)作大致持續(xù)相等時(shí)主從句一般都用進(jìn)行時(shí)，但若是持續(xù)動(dòng)詞可都用一般過去時(shí)，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作一長(zhǎng)一短時(shí)短的用一般時(shí)，長(zhǎng)的用進(jìn)行時(shí)。 I was cooking the dinner while he was playing the piano.(平行) I cooked the dinner while he played the piano. I saw him while I was walking to the station. 三、英語(yǔ)中有四類動(dòng)詞一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)（不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)） 1)表心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)詞，如love ,hate ,like ,care ,respect ,please ,prefer ,know 等，若用進(jìn)行時(shí)則詞意改變。 Im forgetting it . (=beginning to forget ) 2)表存在、狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如appear ,exist ,lie ,remain ,stand ,seem等 3)表感覺的動(dòng)詞，如see ,hear ,feel ,smell ,sound ,taste等. 4)表一時(shí)性的動(dòng)詞，如accept ,allow ,admit ,decide ,end ,refuse ,permit ,promise等。 四、例題考題1 As she _the newspaper ,Granny _ asleep .(95) A. read /was falling B .was reading /fell C. Was reading /was falling D. read/fell 分析 時(shí)間從句的動(dòng)作長(zhǎng)，而“入睡”動(dòng)作短，故前者用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，而較短動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)，選B 考題2 Tom _ into the house when no one _ . A. slipped/was looking B. Had slipped /looked C. slipped/had looked D. was slipping /looked 分析 此題先要理解好when ，表“此時(shí)”，說(shuō)明主句中slipped是較短行為，而look是較長(zhǎng)行為的片斷，即湯姆溜進(jìn)房子，此時(shí)沒人瞧見，故選A為正確。 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)（Past Progressive Tense） 句型 S + was/were +V-ing 例A：She was doing her homework at 8:30 yesterday evening. （昨天傍晚八點(diǎn)半她正在做家庭作業(yè)。） 例B：We were having supper at that time. （那個(gè)時(shí)候我們正在吃晚飯。） 解說(shuō) 如例1所示，在單句中使用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)來(lái)表達(dá)時(shí)必須把該動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行中的時(shí)間表明清楚，否則就不合邏輯了。例如： I was taking a bath yesterday. （錯(cuò)） （昨天我正在洗澡昨天24小時(shí)都正在洗澡嗎？） 所以本句應(yīng)該如例1來(lái)表達(dá)，或者用一般過去時(shí)表達(dá)如下： I took a bath yesterday. （昨天我洗了澡。） 如果由上下文的文意，或者對(duì)談中的話意可以了解“動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行中的時(shí)間”，單句里就使用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)來(lái)表達(dá)是很普通的，例如： A：I called you up yesterday evening. B：Did you? At what time? A：At around ten oclock. （大約在十點(diǎn)鐘。） B：Oh, I was taking a bath then. （哦，當(dāng)時(shí)我正在洗澡。） 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)在表達(dá)上常用的句式是如例2所示和另一個(gè)一般過去時(shí)的動(dòng)作相搭配。請(qǐng)觀察下面的圖解說(shuō)明： 過去有二動(dòng)作A和B（如圖示），在B動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)稍早發(fā)生的A動(dòng)作正好在進(jìn)行中，所以這種表達(dá)法通常都是復(fù)句（主句+副詞從句）。例如： When I got up this morning, Mother was preparing breakfast in the kitchen. （今天早上我起床時(shí)媽媽正在廚房里準(zhǔn)備早餐?！癕other?！笔侵骶?，“when，”是副詞從句。） 常用于修飾過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞：過去的某一定點(diǎn)時(shí)刻（at + 過去的時(shí)刻），then （= at that time）（那時(shí)，當(dāng)時(shí)），all + 時(shí)間，“When/While/As”等副詞從句，etc. 強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練Drilling Square 請(qǐng)判斷下列各題空格處動(dòng)詞的正確時(shí)態(tài)（一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)）。 1It _（rain）very hard when we _（get）there yesterday. 2I _（watch） TV at 7:00 P.M. yesterday. 3What _（you do ） at that time? 4She _（have） a bath when the phone _（ring）. 5The students _（make） noises while the teacher _（be） awa