《漢英科技翻譯》PPT課件

TranslationofCST,科技漢語的翻譯,FeaturesofVocabularyandtranslation,1.TranslationofProfessionalTerms(1)高清晰度電視：high-definitiontelevision(2)溫室效應(yīng)：thegreenhouseeffect(3)克隆技術(shù)：cloningtechnology(4)納米技術(shù)：nanometertechnology,5)快把他送到醫(yī)院急救。Rushhimtohospitalforemergencytreatment.6)直線被稱作是一維的。Alineissaidtohaveonedimension.,5）醫(yī)生摸脈之后，宣布他已經(jīng)脫離危險(xiǎn)。Thedoctor,havingfelthispulse,pronouncedhimoutofdanger.6)針灸：acupuncture7)陰陽：Yin-Yang(YinYang,inChinesemedicine,arethetwoforceswhichbothopposeandcomplementeachother,withtheformerindicatingfeminineandnegativeandthelattermasculineandpositive.),1）到了2050年左右，土壤中細(xì)菌的碳的釋放量有可能大于林木的吸收量，地球會(huì)加速變暖。Around2050,_releasedfromthesoilbybacteriawouldbegreaterthantheamountsoakedupbytrees,and_wouldbeaccelerated.,2)在無模型的情況下進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。Thetestis_without_.3)大氣中的臭氧層保護(hù)地球免受太陽的有害輻射。_intheatmosphereprotectsearthfrom_.,4）懸浮液是一種混合物，如果讓它靜止，它就會(huì)發(fā)生分離。_isa_thatwill_iflefttostand.5)流沙的運(yùn)動(dòng)與太陽上的自然爆炸存在共性。Thereare_between_and_onthesun.,2Translationofsentences,2.1TensePresenttense(1)聲音以光波的形式在空氣中傳播。Soundtravelsthroughtheairinwaves.Futuretense(2)電子產(chǎn)品在不遠(yuǎn)的將來將會(huì)越來越普及。Electronicproductswillbecomemoreandmorepopularinthenearfuture.,Thepresentperfecttense9.11恐怖分子的襲擊對(duì)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生深刻的影響。TheSeptember11terroristattackshavecausedgreatimpactontheglobaleconomy.,Thepasttense在古代,人們認(rèn)為地球是宇宙的中心。Inancienttimes,peoplethoughtthattheearthwasthecenteroftheuniverse,2.2passivevoice(1)自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線工作正常。Theautomaticproductionlineisfoundinproperoperation.(2)自從采用數(shù)控以來，生產(chǎn)效率大大提高了。Sincenumericalcontrolwasappliedtomachinetools,theproductivityhasbeenraisedgreatly.,(3)它只是星際空間的一塊巖石，受火星引力作用而被吸引住，并沿著軌道環(huán)繞火星運(yùn)動(dòng)。ItisaspacerockcapturedandheldinorbitbythegravityforceofMars.,(4)大家都知道，人體能產(chǎn)生微弱的磁場(chǎng)。Weakmagneticfieldsareknowntocomefromthehumanbody.(5)我們知道，卡路里(calorie)是指食物供給身體的熱量單位。,(6)為了取代那些燃料，我們應(yīng)較多利用太陽能與風(fēng)能來提供電力、熱能和運(yùn)輸?shù)膭?dòng)力。,Itisbelievedthat.Itisconsideredthat,2.3Nominalization(行文簡(jiǎn)潔，表達(dá)客觀，內(nèi)容確切，負(fù)載信息量大)1)電視通過無線電波發(fā)射和接受活動(dòng)物體的圖像。Televisionisthetransmissionandreceptionofimagesofmovingobjectsbyradiowaves.,2.4TheconfirmationofSubject遵循三個(gè)習(xí)慣符合英語國(guó)家人的語言習(xí)慣符合英語國(guó)家人的思維習(xí)慣主語必須符合句中的邏輯關(guān)系,2.4.1符合英語國(guó)家人的語言習(xí)慣(1)在這個(gè)季節(jié)經(jīng)常有雨。Itrainsalotduringthisseason(2)地球完成一次自傳需要23小時(shí)56分4秒多。,2.4.2符合英語國(guó)家人的思維習(xí)慣(1)人們對(duì)這種情況有各種各樣的描述，有的說是“好心的遺忘”,有的說是“逃避現(xiàn)實(shí)的療法”。Thisconditionhasbeendescribedasanythingfrom“mercifullossofmemory”to“escapisttherapy”.,(2)但是居然過了30年才出現(xiàn)適用的儀器讓我們對(duì)之進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)和細(xì)微的考查。But30yearsweretoelapsebeforesuitableinstrumentswereavailabletoallowadetailedandsystematicinvestigation.,2.4.3主語必須符合句中的邏輯關(guān)系(1)比目魚的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值和經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值高，生長(zhǎng)快，適應(yīng)于養(yǎng)殖環(huán)境，是頗有養(yǎng)殖前景的魚類。Theturbotshowsconsiderablepromiseasaspeciesformarineculturebecauseofitshighvaluenutritionallyandeconomically,rapidgrowthrateandreadyadaptationtothefishfarmenvironment.,(2)在大規(guī)模培養(yǎng)(massculture)時(shí)，輪蟲(rotifer)種群生長(zhǎng)會(huì)出現(xiàn)滯后期，人們往往朝培養(yǎng)液中添加營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，這是非常有效的。Nutritionalsubstanceismosteffectivewhenaddedtorotiferculturesfluidatthelagphaseofgrowthinmassculture.,2.5ConversionofPartofSpeech(1)新型液晶的特點(diǎn)是工作溫度范圍廣，工作電壓低和可靠性。Thenewliquidcrystals_wideworkingtemperature,lowoperationvoltageandhighreliability.,(2)隨著大規(guī)模集成電路的出現(xiàn)，電子工業(yè)在60年代取得了巨大的進(jìn)展。_sawthegreatadvanceinelectronicsindustrywiththeemergenceofthelarge-scaleintegratedcircuits.,(3)當(dāng)今世界科學(xué)技術(shù)正在迅速發(fā)展。Themodernworldisexperiencing_ofscienceandtechnology.,2.6Theuseofadverbial/attributiveclause(tomakeoriginalmeaningclearerandmorespecifictothereaders)(1)電能通過輸電線送到需要的地方。ThroughPowerlines,electricitypowergoes_.(adverbialclause),(2)冬眠動(dòng)物保存能量的習(xí)性勝過不冬眠的動(dòng)物。Animals_practiceenergyconservationtoagreaterextentthanthose_,2.7Theuseofinversion(1)后來，微型計(jì)算機(jī)發(fā)展起來了。Then_ofthemicro-computer.(2)這樣管中就此產(chǎn)生了或多或少的穩(wěn)定的水流。There_inthiswayamoreorlesssteadystreamofwaterthroughthepipe.,2.8TheTranslationofNumeral1)A比B多N倍數(shù)Ais（N+1）timesmorethanB2)A比B（重，大，高，寬，亮，長(zhǎng)。）n倍Ais(n+1)times+heavier/greater/taller/wider/brighter/longerthanB,Ais(n+1)timesasheavy/great/tall/wide/bright/longasB3A比B增多了n倍Aincrease(ed)by(n+1)timescomparedwithB,4A的（能量）是B的N倍A+is+Ntimes+B,1)表層的粒子數(shù)比表殼下的粒子數(shù)多2倍2)這一距離比前者長(zhǎng)7倍3)一個(gè)人在月球上所能舉起的重物要比他在地球上所能舉起的最重的物體重5倍。4）車禍比六十年代增多了1.5倍。5)撞擊強(qiáng)度（theintensityoftheimpact)是動(dòng)量變化(momentumchange)的11倍。,3AboutAbstract,關(guān)于科技論文摘要的語言特點(diǎn)：(P254)（1）Theauthor（orwriter）ofthisarticle（paper、dissertation、thesis）reviews（discusses、triestodescribe、explores、dealwith、summarizes、givesanaccountof、etc.）something（2）Theaim（purpose、objective）ofthisarticleistodetermine（explore、review）sth,（3）problemofisdiscussed（researched、investigated、analyzed、evaluated、assessed、reported）（4）Themethod（theoreticalfoundation、experimentalscheme、modificationto、algorithm）isdiscussed（suggested、proposed、presented、developed）,例1：本文就駐波中的微分子之間相互作用所帶來的影響提供了一種全新的理論和試驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的觀測(cè)方法。Theauthorpresentssomenewobservationsboththeoreticalandexperimentalconcerningtheeffectofthemutualinteractionbetweenmicrosizedparticlesinastandingwaves.,關(guān)于結(jié)論的建議有如下格式：1Theauthorsuggests（recommends、concludes）that2Thisarticleshowsthat3Theauthorssuggestion（conclusion）isthat4Theauthorfinds（considers、seems）itnecessaryto,結(jié)論結(jié)果比較：1Theseresultsare（quite）consistentwiththeoriginalhypothesis.2Theseresultsprovidesubstantialevidencefor3Theseexperimentalresultssupporttheoriginalhypothesisthat5Theexperimentalandtheoreticalvaluesagreequitewell.6Theresultobservedinourstudyarebetterthanthosereportedbyhowell（1996）。,Translationpractice,你的頭發(fā)可以透露一些關(guān)于你健康的情況。就像分析血樣和尿樣一樣，頭發(fā)的研究可以帶來一些醫(yī)學(xué)方面的信息。通過分析頭發(fā)，內(nèi)科醫(yī)生可以判斷出你是否受到環(huán)境的污染、甚至通過此分析，可以判斷出你的飲食，診斷一些疾病，以及對(duì)于你從疾病恢復(fù)時(shí)的狀況加以監(jiān)控。Thehaironyourheadmaygiveyouacluetoyourhealth.Likethebloodandurineanalyses,Studiesofhaircanprovideusefulmedicalinformation.Withhairanalysis,Physicianscantellifyouhavebeenaffectedbyenvironmentalpollution.Theycanalsocheckyourdiet,diagnosesomediseases,andmonitorrecoveryfromthem.,頭發(fā)獲取簡(jiǎn)單，保存方便。更重要的是。研究人員在分析毛發(fā)，尤其是毛發(fā)中的微量元素的技術(shù)上取