譯林牛津版高中英語專題知識講解高考沖刺：閱讀表達(dá)題型解題技巧

1、精品文檔用心整理高考沖刺：閱讀表達(dá)題型解題技巧：題型介紹閱讀表達(dá)題是在考查考生閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上，增加了對書面能力的考查。具體要求是:閱讀所給短文（不少于200），并根據(jù)短文后題目的要求進(jìn)行簡答。參考答題時間為15分鐘。常見閱讀表達(dá)問題類型主旨概括：whatsthebesttileofthepassage?whatisthepurposeofthewriterswritingthispassage?whatsthemainideaofthearticle?完成句子：pleasefillintheblankinthepassagewithproperwordsorphrases.句子替代：plea

2、sefindoutthesentenceinthepassagewhichcanbereplacedbythefollowingone.句子翻譯：translatetheunderlinedsentenceintheparagraphintochinese.封閉性問題：regularclose-endedwh-questionsbasedonthepassage.開放性問題：whatwouldyoudoifyouwere?whatothersuggestionswouldyougive?howwouldyousettletheproblemifyouwere?確認(rèn)指代關(guān)系：whatdoesth

3、eword“it”probablyreferto?(nomorethan3words)。根據(jù)文章的題材和體裁設(shè)置其他題目。解題技巧擬定文章標(biāo)題標(biāo)題要出現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞或關(guān)鍵詞組。標(biāo)題要覆蓋全文或整個段落，不能離題太遠(yuǎn)，太籠統(tǒng)或只概括一段或幾句話的意思，即以偏概全。標(biāo)題如果是句子，句號一般不用，但其他符號要標(biāo)出。句子填空題首先要信息定位，也就是快速準(zhǔn)確地在文章中找到題目中所涉及的相似內(nèi)容，主要是搜索相似關(guān)鍵詞；二是比較，也是題目陳述和原文陳述的比較，通過語境來確定答案，答案就在文章中，表述時注意詞數(shù)。句子填空答題句子填空要整體理解，注意上下文的邏輯性，特別是關(guān)聯(lián)詞的使用。語言要簡潔，注意詞數(shù)限制。檢查時

4、，看上下文是否通順，語法是否正確，是否能體現(xiàn)作者的表達(dá)意圖。翻譯試題翻譯要整體理解，不能斷章取義；弄清it,they,this,that等代詞所指代的含義；理清句子的語法結(jié)構(gòu)，即找出句子的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，弄清句子的修飾成分及修飾關(guān)系。根據(jù)漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣對譯文做適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整，避免字字對譯。省略句要做適當(dāng)補充，關(guān)鍵詞翻譯要準(zhǔn)確。開放性問題對于開放性問題要審清題目要求，是一步作答還是兩步作答，不能直接從文章中找一句話來回答。回答原因很重要。盡量表達(dá)自己熟悉的觀點和方面，也就是要揚長避短。同義句替換要找準(zhǔn)要替代的全部內(nèi)容，不多也不少。要把替代的句子全寫下來，不要用省略號。書寫要規(guī)范。封閉性問題資料來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)僅供

5、免費交流使用精品文檔用心整理對于答案唯一的封閉性問題，要注重細(xì)節(jié)，在原文中相關(guān)位置尋找答題依據(jù)，并且緊密結(jié)合上下文細(xì)致推理。指代關(guān)系的確認(rèn)解此類題，首先要返回原文，找出題目中的指代詞；其次，向上搜索，找最近的名詞、名詞性詞組；最后將找到的詞、詞組代入，替換該指代詞，看意思是否通順。這道題答案也能在文中找到，不要用自己的語言歸納，通常代詞所指代的名詞在本句或其上句之中。真題再現(xiàn)（2012江西卷）(1)stampcollectorsusuallycollectstampsonlyfromcertaincountriesorregions.thetraditionalmethodofstampcol

6、lectingistoorganizestampcollectionaccordingtotheissuedates.(2)ofcourse,therearemany_.youcancollectstampsrelatingtoaparticulartheme.forexample,sportloversmaychoosetheolympictheme.theytrytheirbesttofindolympicstampsissuedbyvariouspartsoftheworldeveryfouryears.someofthemmaywanttoconcentrateonevenmoresp

7、ecificsportactivitieslikeballgames,gymnasium,swimming,etc.(3)ifyoulikeastronomy,youmaybekeenoncollectingstampsdescribingthestars,planets,spacecraft,spacemen,etc.onceyouhavefixedthetopic,younolongerneedtobotheraboutstampsotherthanthethemeyouselected.then,youcanputallyourefforttocollectthestampsaround

8、it.(4)chinaissueszodiacanimalstamps(十二生肖郵票)everyyeartocelebratethelunarnewyear.theyareextremelypopularandalotofcollectorswaitpatientlyfor12yearstocollectafullsetofthem.hongkongslunarnewyearspecialstampseriesbeganin2000withtheyearofdragonandthetwelfthandfinalsetwasissuedin2011,theyearofrabbit.recentl

9、ysomewesterncountrieshaveissuedzodiacanimalstamps,whichattractalotofattentionaswell.(5)youmaychooseanythemeyoulike.however,youshouldbearinmindanessentialpoint.thetopicyouchooseshouldnotbetoonarrow.otherwise,itisverydifficulttoaccumulatestampsaroundthetopic.youwillbedepressedandevenloseyourinterestin

10、collectingstamps.(6)collectingstampswiththemesisespeciallypopularamongteenagersbecausethereisawiderangeofchoicesforthem.themainchallengeishowyouorganizeandexpandyourcollectionaroundyourtheme.76.whatisthemainideaofthepassage?(nomorethan5words)_77.fillintheblanksinparagraph2withproperwords.(nomorethan

11、5words)ofcourse,therearemany_.78.whatshouldyoudoifyouwanttocollectafullsetofzodiacanimalstamps?(nomorethan7words)_79.listthethreegeneralthemesincollectingstampsmentionedinthepassage.(3words)_80.whatdoestheword“them”(line3,paragraph6)probablyreferto?(1word)_資料來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)僅供免費交流使用精品文檔用心整理（2012山東卷）(1)ashleypo

12、wersmotherboughtacomputerforherwhenshewaseight.whenshewasthirteen,shewassurfingtheinternetregularly,butshecouldntfindanywhereforteenagerstomeetandtalk.andonedayshethought,“ifihadmyownwebsite,idmakeitareallyinterestingsiteforteenagers.”(2)so,whenashleywassixteen,shelaunchedherownwebsite,calledgoosehe

13、ad.shehadnoideahowbigasuccessitwouldbe,butthreeyearslater,thesitewasthemostsuccessfulteensiteintheusa!itwasgetting100,000hitseveryday,andashleyhadabout30employees.(3)afterafewyears,thewebsitecloseddown.thenashley,wholivesinlosangeles,wasaskedtowriteabookcalledthegooseheadguidetolife.thebookisaboutho

14、wtodesignawebsiteandstartabusiness.itbeginswithasectioncalled“allaboutashley，”whereashleytellsreaderswhatitisliketobethebossofacompanywhenyouareonlysixteen.“iwassohappy.butitwascrazyinalotofways.igotverystressed.imean,iwasonlysixteenididntevenhaveacar!ifyouweresixteenandyouhadyourowncompany,youdbest

15、ressed,too！”(4)inaninterviewashleygaveadvicetoteenagerswhowantedtostarttheirownbusiness,“justbestrongandhaveyourdreamsandworkhardatthem.anddontlistenwhen_，becauseiheardnoalot.justkeepgoinguntilyouhearyes！”76.forwhatpurposedidashleycreategoosehead？(nomorethan10words)_.77.whatisthemainideaofparagraph2

16、？(nomorethan6words)_.78.accordingtoparagraph3,whatdidashleydoaftergooseheadcloseddown？(nomorethan10words)_.79.howdidashleyfeelasayoungbossofacompany？(nomorethan5words)_.80.fillintheblankinparagraph4withproperwords._.（2012天津卷）bornin1949,diananyadtookanearlyinterestinswimmingasasportandwasafloridastat

17、ehighschoolswimmingchampion.likemanyyoungathletes,shehadolympicdreams,butaseriousillnesskeptherfromcompetinginthegames.thedisappointmentdidntstopherfromgoingforward.instead,shebecameinterestedinmarathonswimming.abrilliantathlete,shewaswell-conditionedforspendinglongperiodsoftimeinthewater.asalong-di

18、stanceswimmer,shewouldcompeteagainstherselfandtheobstaclespresentedbydistance,danger,cold,andexhaustion.fortenyearsnyaddevotedherselftobecomingoneoftheworldsbestlong-distanceswimmers.in1970,sheswamaten-milemarathoninlakeontario,settingthewomensrecordforthecourse.in1972shesetanotherrecordbyswimming10

19、2.5milesfromanislandinthebahamastothecoastofflorida.thenshebrokeathirdrecordwhenswimmingaroundmanhattanislandin1975.nyadattemptedtoswimthedistancebetweenfloridaandcubain1978.thoughthespanofwateris資料來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)僅供免費交流使用精品文檔用心整理lessthan100mileswide,itisroughanddangerous.afterbattlingthewaterfortwodays,shehad

20、togiveupforthesakeofherownhealthandsafety.evenso,sheimpressedtheworldwithhercourageandstrongdesiretosucceed.fornyadherstrengthofpurposewasjustasimportantasreachingcuba.thatishowshedefinedsuccess.itdidnotmatterthatherswimcameupshort;shebelievedshehadtouchedtheothershore.whennyadendedhercareerasaswimm

21、er,shecontinuedtotrynewthingstravellingtheworldasareporter,writingbooksandgivingpublicspeechesaboutherlife.diananyadworkstoinspireothers,justasshedidwhensheswamthewatersoftheworld.56.whatpreventednyadfromtakingpartintheolympicgames?(nomorethan5words)_57.whatdoestheunderlinedword“obstacles”mean?(1wor

22、d)_58.whatachievementdidnyadmakein1970?(nomorethan10words.)_59.whydidnyadbelievethatshehadtouchedtheothershore?(nomorethan10words)_60.pleaseexplainhowyouareinspiredbynyad.(nomorethan20words)_答案與解析（2012江西卷）76.collectingstampswiththemes主旨大意題。綜觀全文可知，本文從第二段第二句提出主題后，一直圍繞這個主題講述各種主題集郵的方法。77.othermethodsofc

23、ollectingstamps考查補全短文填空題。畫線詞后介紹了通過特別的主題集郵等其他的集郵方法。78.weshouldwaitfor12years.短文信息簡答題。由第四段第二句“theyareextremelypopularandalotofcollectorswaitpatientlyfor12years”可知如果要集滿全套的12生肖郵票要等12年。79.sport(s);astronomy;animal(s)歸納問答題。本文的第二、三、四段分別提到了與運動、宇宙以及動物有關(guān)的集郵。80.teenagers.代詞指代題。由畫線詞所在句可知them指代的是前面的teenagers。（20

24、12山東卷）本文是一篇人物介紹。美國女孩ashley16歲獨自創(chuàng)辦青少年社交網(wǎng)站goosehead，大獲成功。幾年后，ashley又出版thegooseheadguidetolife一書，暢談人生感受，與讀者分享少年得志的喜悅，傾訴成功帶來的壓力和煩惱，并為有意自主創(chuàng)業(yè)的青少年提出指導(dǎo)和建議。76shewantedtocreateaninterestingwebsiteforteenagers.原文第一段概述了網(wǎng)站goosehead的由來，其中“ifihadmyownwebsite,idmakeitareallyinterestingsiteforteenagers”明確提到創(chuàng)立網(wǎng)站的初衷，根

25、據(jù)題干要求用不多于10個單詞歸納出一句話。77ashleysgooseheadwasabigsuccess.第二段主要陳述網(wǎng)站的點擊量和雇員數(shù)，說明它的成功，因此中心詞為success，用不多于六個字組織一個句子。資料來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)僅供免費交流使用精品文檔用心整理78shewroteabookcalledthegooseheadguidetolife.第三段明確提到“ashleywasaskedtowriteabookcalledthegooseheadguidetolife.”79shefelthappybutstressed.第三段中兩處明確提到了心情：“iwassohappy”“igotve

26、rystressed”，根據(jù)詞數(shù)要求，用不多于5個詞組織一個完整的句子。80peopletellyouthatyoucantdoit本題是根據(jù)上下文補全句子，下文明確提到“becauseiheardnoalot”，推知上一句是說面對反對意見時不能聽從。（2012天津卷）56.aseriousillness(did).原文第一段“aseriousillnesskeptherfromcompetinginthegames”用不同說法表達(dá)了同樣的含義。57.difficulties/problems/troubles/challenges.定位原文“asalong-distanceswimmer,shewouldcompeteagainstherselfandtheobstaclespresentedbydistance,danger,cold,andexhaustion.”against的賓語是herself和obstacles，后面部分為obstac