2020年高考英語全國卷Ⅰ(詳解版)-2020高考英語卷講解

1、2020 年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試 （全國卷 I）英語注意事項 :1. 答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2. 回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂 黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答 案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3. 考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。 第一部分 聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分 30 分） 做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上 的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié) （ 共 5 小題；每小題 1.5 分，滿分 7.5 分 ）聽下面 5 段對話。每段

2、對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的 A、B、C三個選項中選 出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有 10 秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一 小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例 :How much is the shirt?A. 19.15.B. 9.18.C. 9.15.答案是 C 。1. Where are the speakers?A. At a swimming pool.B. In a clothing shop.C. At a school lab.【答案】 B【解析】【原文】本題為聽力題，解析略。2. What will Tom do next?A. Turn down the music.B.

3、 Postpone the show.C. Stop practicing.答案】 C解析】 【原文】本題為聽力題，解析略。3. What is the woman busy doing?A. Working on a paper.B. Tidying up the office.C. Organizing a party.【答案】 C【解析】【原文】本題為聽力題，解析略。4. When will Henry start his vacation?A. This weekend.B. Next week. C. At the end ofAugust.【答案】 A【解析】【原文】本題為聽力題，

4、解析略。5. What does Donna offer to do for Bill?A. Book a flight for him.B. Drive him to the airport.C. Help him park thecar.【答案】 B【解析】【原文】本題為聽力題，解析略。第二節(jié) （ 共 15 小題；每小題 1.5 分，滿分 22.5 分 ）聽下面 5 段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、 C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每 小題 5 秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出 5 秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。 聽下面

5、一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6. Why does Pete call Lucy?dinner.7. When is Pete going to see Lucy?C. At 8:00 pm.A. At 6:00 pm. B. At 6:45 pm. 【答案】 6. A 7. B【解析】【原文】本題為聽力題，解析略。 聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8.Why does Cathy want to quit her job ？A.She ll join another firm.B.She ll run her own business.C.She s fed up with it.9.Wh

6、at is Mark s attitude towards Cathys decision?A.Forgiving. B. Sympathetic.C. Supportive.10. What might Cathy do for the present company?A. Apply for a project.B. Train a new person.engineer.【答案】 8. A 9. C 10. B【解析】【原文】本題為聽力題，解析略。 聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。11. How did the man feel about his performance today?

7、A. Greatly encouraged.B. A bit dissatisfied.C. Terribly disappointed.12. What did the man say helped him overcome the problem?A. Patience.B. Luck.C. Determination.C. Recommend an13. What is the woman doing?A. Conducting an interview.B. Holding a press conference.C. Hosting a ceremony.【答案】 11. B 12.

8、C 13. A【解析】【原文】本題為聽力題，解析略。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。14. What is next to the apartment building ？A. A restaurant.B. A laundry.C. A grocery store.15. Which is included in the rent ？A. Electricity.B The Internet.C. Satellite TV.16. What does the woman think of the apartment ？A. It s quite large.B. It s well fur

9、nisehd.C. It s worth the money.答案】解析】16. C原文】本題為聽力題，解析略。聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。17. Where is Jeff from ？A. Liverpool.B. Coventry.C. Newcastle.18. Where do young men go to watch big games according to Jeff ？A. Pubs.B. Stadiums.C. Friends homes.19. Why does Jeff have to pick a team to support ？A. To avoid bein

10、g bothered.B. To open a conversation.C. To earn respect from others.20. What does Jeff mainly talk about ？A. England s moment of success.B. English flag as a symbol of hope.C. England s a-ltlime favourite sport.【答案】 17. B 18. A19. A20. C【解析】【原文】本題為聽力題，解析略。 第二部分 閱讀理解 （共兩節(jié)，滿分 40分） 第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題 2分，滿分

11、30分） 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的 A、B、C 和 D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。ATrain InformationAll customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information ， please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run

12、as scheduled ， there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.Lost property（ 失物招領(lǐng) ）Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail servicesThe lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and

13、 is located（ 位于 ）at Roma Street station.Public holidaysOn public holidays, generally a Sunday timetable operates. On certain major event days ， i.e.Australia Day, Anzac Day, sporting and cultural days, special additional services may operate.Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetabl

14、e，Before travel please visit translink. com. au or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime.Customers using mobility devicesMany stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms. For assistance, please Queensland Rail on 13 16 17.Guardian trains (outbound)DepartOrigin

15、DestinationArrive6:42pmAltandiVarsity Lakes7:37pm7:29pmCentralVarsity Lakes8:52pm8:57pmFortitude ValleyVarsity Lakes9:52pm11:02pmRoma StreetVarsity Lakes12:22am21. What would you do get ticker information?A. Call 13 16 17.B. Visit translink .com.au.C. Ask at the local station.D. Check the train sche

16、dule.22. At which station can you find the lost property office?A. Altandi. B. Roma Street. C. Varsity Lakes. D. FortitudeValley.23. Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes?A. 6:42 pm. B. 7:29 pm. C. 8:57 pm. D. 11:02 pm【答案】 21. C22. B23. B【解析】 這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一些火車信息，包括失物招領(lǐng)

17、、公共假期安排以及列車出 發(fā)時間等信息。21 題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中 For ticket information, please ask your local station or call 13 12 30. 可知查詢車票信息，請向您當?shù)氐能囌驹儐柣驌艽?31230。由此可知，你可以詢問當?shù)剀囌净驌艽?131230 來獲得車票信息。故選 C?！?22 題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。 根據(jù) Lost property 部分中 The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located at

18、 Roma Street station.可知失物招領(lǐng)處周一至周五早上 7:30 到下午 5:00 營 業(yè)，位于羅馬街車站。由此可知，在Roma Street 你可以找到失物招領(lǐng)辦公室。故選B。23 題詳解】 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) Guardian trans 部分中信息，可知從起始地 Central 出發(fā)，開往目的地 VarsityLakes 的火車是下午 7:29 開車。 由此可知， 如果你要從 Central 去往 Varsity Lakes ，你應(yīng)當乘坐 下午 7:29 的火車。故選 B 。Returning to a book youve read many times can fder

19、einl klikse with an old friend. Therewelcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thusthe relationship. But books don t change, people do. And that s what makes the act of rereading soand transformative.The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that

20、our bond with the work is based on our present mentalregister. It s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, itpresent. It s about the now and whato onntreib cutes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own wei

21、ght.There are three books I reread annually The first, which I take to reading every spring is EmestHemningway s A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. Thelanguage is almost intoxicating ( 令人陶醉的 )， an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. A

22、nother is Annie Dillard s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1隨97筆5 )r aambobulet (everything and nothing . The third book is Julio Cortazar s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, becausepoetry. And because Cortazar.While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the me

23、aning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary,rereading an author s work is the hcuigrhrensct y a reader can pay them. The best books are the onesthat open further as time passes. But remember, it s you that has to grow and read and reread in order tbetter

24、 understand your friends.24. Why does the author like rereading?A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.B. It s a window to a whole new world.C. It s a substitute for drinking with a friend.D. It extends the understanding of oneself.25. What do we know about the book A Moveable Feas!?A. It s

25、a brief account of a trip.B. It s about Hemingway s life as a young man.C. It s a record of a historic event.D. It s about Hemingway s friends in Paris.26. What does the underlined word currency in paragraph 4 refer to?A. DebtB. Reward.C Allowance.D. Face value.27. What can we infer about the author

26、 from the text?A. He loves poetry.B. He s an editor.C. He s very ambitious.D. He teaches reading.【答案】 24. D 25. B 26. B27. A【解析】 這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了重新閱讀的意義和益處并向讀者介紹了作者每年重讀的三本書。作者鼓勵讀者去重新閱讀書籍。24 題詳解】但是書沒變，人變了。那就在的心理狀態(tài)。真的，我年紀越大，就越覺得時光飛逝。) ”可推知，作者喜歡重新閱讀是因為重新閱讀可以擴展對自己的理解。故選 D 項。25 題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段 “Published

27、in 1964, it s his cl assic memoir of 1920sParis. 及”“ an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time可知，這本書出版于 1964 年，這是他關(guān)于 20 世紀 20 年代在巴黎的經(jīng)典回憶錄，是他老年時對那些野心勃勃卻更簡單的日子的回顧。由此可判斷出A Movable Feast 是關(guān)于海明威年輕時的生活。故選 B 項。26 題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中 “ while money is indeed wonderful and necessary,( 雖然金錢確實

28、是美妙而必要的 )”可知， 前后句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系， 根據(jù)上下文的語境可推知，rereadingan author s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.意為”但是但重新閱推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句 “ But books don t change, people do. And that what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.(是使重新閱讀行為如此豐富和富于變化之處) ”和第二段 “ The beauty of rereading lies in

29、that our bond with the work is based on our present register. It is true, the older I get,the more I feel time has wings.(重新閱讀的美妙之處在于我們與作品的聯(lián)系是基于我們現(xiàn)因為詩歌 ) ”可知，作者是由于喜歡詩歌而喜歡這本書。故選A 項。讀作品是讀者能支付給他們的最高回報 ”，由此判斷出劃線詞的意思是 “回報”。故選 B 項。推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段27 題詳解】The third book is Julio Cort zar s Save Twilight:select

30、ed poems, because poetry.( 第三本書是胡里奧 科塔扎的 拯救暮光之城 : 詩歌精選Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likelycontributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer

31、 Olympicsis the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sportrequire that a race walkers knees stay straight through mleogs st woifn tgh eand one foot remain incontact （ 接觸 ） with the ground at all times. Its this strange form that makes race walking such

32、anattractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at SalemState University in Salem, Mass.Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations,race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 80

33、0 calories（ 卡路里 ） per houwhich is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running,which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says.According to her research, run

34、ners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight perstep, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weightwith each step.As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runneruncommon among race walkers. But t

35、he sports strange form does place considerable stress on theankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting thesport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experiencedracer to learn proper technique, she

36、says. It takes some practice.28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?A.They must run long distances.B.They are qualified for the marathon.C.They have to follow special rules.D.They are good at swinging their legs.29. What advantage does race walking have over running?sA. It s more popular at t

37、he Olympics.B. It s less challenging physically.C. It s more effective in body building.D. It s less likely to cause kninejeu ries.30. What is Dr. Norberg s suggestion for someone trying race walking?A. Getting experts opinions.B. Having a medical checkup.C. Hiring an experienced coach.D. Doing regu

38、lar exercises.31. Which word best describes the authorce walkisn ga?tt itude to raA. Skeptical.B. Objective.C. Tolerant.D. Conservative.答案】 28. C29. D 30. A 31. B這是一篇說明文。解析】 短文介紹了競走相比跑步有諸多的優(yōu)勢，但是之前受過傷的人，要想從事這樣運動要謹慎，最好咨詢專家的建議。28 題詳解】ht細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“ But the sport rsu les require that a race walker sk ne

39、es stay straig through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times. ”可知，但 這項運動的規(guī)則要求競走者的膝蓋在擺動腿的大部分時間保持伸直，一只腳始終與地面接觸。由此可知，競走運動員是需要具備某些條件的運動員是因為運動員需要遵守特殊的規(guī)則。故 選 C 項。29 題詳解】ciated with細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段 “As a result, she says, some of the injuries assorunning, such as run

40、ner s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. 可知，一些與 ”跑步有關(guān)的損傷，比如跑步者的膝蓋，在競走者中并不常見。由此可知，競走與跑步相比的 優(yōu)勢是不太可能導(dǎo)致膝蓋受傷。故選 D 項。30 題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段 Dr. Norberg 說的話 “ In fact, anyone wishingtotry racewalking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn propertechnique( 事實上，任何想嘗試競走的人都應(yīng)該首先咨詢教

41、練或有經(jīng)驗的競走運動員，學(xué)習(xí)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第31 題詳解】適當?shù)募记伞?) ”建議想嘗試競走的人征詢專家的建議。故選項。research shows, wits own problem.傷。不過，它也有The connectice walking shares many fitness benefits withcontributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, haverunning,表明，競走和跑步一樣有很多健身益處，而且它還很少導(dǎo)致受判斷出作者對于競走的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選B 項。d plants has long been the sub

42、ject of scientific research. Recentstudies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown ，Ohio ，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another ， employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with housepla

43、nts.The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse ， even unusualshortfunctions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show whe n they re of wa

44、ter and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. We re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day, explained MichaelStrano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow(發(fā)光 )

45、in experiments using some commonvegetables. Strano s team found that they could create a faint light fo-ra tnhdre-ae-half hours. The light ， about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tre

46、e into self-powered street lamps.in the future ，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plantleaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant s lifetime. The engineers are also trying todevelop an on and off switch where the glow would fade when exposed

47、to daylight.Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source（ 電源 ）-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission（ 傳輸 ）.Glowing plants could r

48、educe this distance and therefore help save energy.32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. A new study of different plants.B. A big fall in crime rates.C. Employees from various workplaces.D. Benefits from green plants.33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT en

49、gineer?A. To detect plants lack of waterB. To change compositions of plantsC. To make the life of plants longer.D. To test chemicals in plants.34. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?A. They will speed up energy production.B. They may transmit electricity to the home.C. They might

50、 help reduce energy consumption.D. They could take the place of power plants.35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Can we grow more glowing plants?B. How do we live with glowing plants?C. Could glowing plants replace lamps?D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free?【答案】

51、 32. D33. A 34. C35. C【解析】 這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了綠色植物對人們很有好處，因此麻省理工學(xué)院的工程師開 發(fā)了一種發(fā)光植物。文章介紹了他們發(fā)明這種植物的過程，以及這種植物的一些優(yōu)勢，指出 在未來發(fā)光植物有可能取代路燈，達到節(jié)約能源的作用。【 32 題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中 A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example ,discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were

52、 shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants. 可知例如，在俄亥俄州揚斯敦 進行的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，城市綠化較好的地區(qū)犯罪率較低。在另一項研究中，當員工的工作場 所被室內(nèi)植物裝飾時，他們的工作效率會提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是關(guān)于綠色植物的益處。故選 D ?！?33 題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中 These include plants that have sensors printed on their leaves to show when theyre

53、short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. 可知這就包 括葉子上印有傳感器來顯示植物缺水的情況的植物，還有一種植物可以檢測到地下水中的有 害化學(xué)物質(zhì)。由此可知，麻省理工學(xué)院工程師植物葉片上印上傳感器的作用是檢測植物缺水 的情況。故選 A ?！?34 題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中 Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.可知發(fā)光的植物可以縮短這段距離， 從而幫助節(jié)約能源。 由此

54、可知， 這種發(fā)光的植物在 未來可能有助于減少能源消耗。故選 C。35 題詳解】 主旨大意題。 根據(jù)最后一段中 Lighting accounts for about 7%of the total electricity consumed in theUS. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source-such as the distance from a power plantto street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmi

55、ssion. Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy. 可知照明約占美國總耗電量的 7%。由于照明 通常遠離電源，例如從發(fā)電廠到偏僻公路上路燈的距離，在傳輸過程中會損失大量能源。發(fā) 光的植物可以縮短這段距離，從而幫助節(jié)約能源。結(jié)合文章主要說明了綠色植物對人們很有 好處，因此麻省理工學(xué)院的工程師開發(fā)了一種發(fā)光植物，文章介紹了他們發(fā)明這種植物的過 程，以及這種植物的一些優(yōu)勢，指出在未來發(fā)光植物有可能取代路燈，達到節(jié)約能源的作用。 由此可知， C 選項“發(fā)光的植物能取代路燈嗎？”最符合文章標題。

56、故選C。第二節(jié)（共 5小題；每小題 2分，滿分 10分） 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項A Few Tips for Self-AcceptanceWe all want it to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. _36_ Here s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction._37_ Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you hoping th