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1、語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)專題一名詞一、考點(diǎn)聚焦1.可數(shù)名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)變化形式( 1)規(guī)則變化。單數(shù)名詞詞尾直接加-s。如: boy boys, pen pens。以 s、x 、ch 、sh 結(jié)尾的單詞一般加-es。如:glass glasses,box boxes,watch watches, brush brushes。特例: stomach stomaches。以“輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的變“ y”為“ i”再加“ -es”。如:baby babies, lady ladies, fly flies。以“ o”結(jié)尾的多數(shù)加 -es。如: tomato tomatoes, potato potatoes,her

2、o heroes。但以兩個(gè)元音字母結(jié)尾的名詞和部分外來(lái)詞中以 o 結(jié)尾的詞只加-s。 如: radio radios, zoo zoos, photo photos, piano pianos, kilo kilos, tobacco tobaccos。以 “f”或“fe”結(jié)尾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式變“f”或“fe”為“ v”,之后再加 -es。如: wife wives, life lives, knife knives, wolf wolves, self selves,leaf leaves 等。特例: handkerchief handkerchiefs, roof roofs, chief

3、chiefs, gulf gulfs, belief beliefs, cliff cliffs。改變?cè)糇帜傅?。如?man men, mouse mice, foot feet, woman women, tooth teeth, goose geese, ox oxen。特例:child children 。復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 ( A)在復(fù)合詞中最后名詞尾加-s。如: armchair armchairs, bookcase bookcases, bookstore book-stores。(B)man 和 woman 作定語(yǔ)修飾另一個(gè)名詞時(shí),前后兩個(gè)名詞都要變成復(fù)數(shù)。如: man d

4、octor men doctors, woman driver women dri-vers。(C)與介詞或副詞一起構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞應(yīng)在主體名詞部分加-s。如:brother-in-law brothers-in-law, passer-by passers-by。有的名詞有兩種復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:zero zeros 、zeroes, deer deers 、deer。penny 的兩種復(fù)數(shù)形式含義有所不同。如:pence(便士的錢數(shù)),pennies(便士的枚數(shù) )。( 2)不規(guī)則變化。單、復(fù)數(shù)同形。如:means, aircraft, deer, fish, Chinese,Japanese,

5、sheep, works(工廠) ,cattle 。 合 成 名 詞 的 復(fù) 數(shù) 。 如 : boy-friend boy-friends, go-between go-betweens(中間人 ),grown-up grown-ups。有些名詞通常只用作復(fù)數(shù)。如:glasses眼鏡, clothes 衣服, goods貨物,trousers 褲子,belongings 所有物 ,wages 工資,riches 財(cái)富 , surroundings環(huán)境,ashes灰塵 , campasses圓規(guī),cattle 家畜,congratulations 祝賀,have wordswith sb. 同某

6、人吵架, in high spirits 以很高熱情地, give ones regards to向sb某.人問(wèn)侯, in rags 衣衫破爛, It is good manners to do sth. 有禮貌做某事。集體名詞的數(shù)。有些集體名詞通常只用作復(fù)數(shù),如:people,cattle,police; 有些名詞只用作單數(shù),如:machinery, furniture,mankind,jewellery; 有些名詞既可用作單數(shù)又可用作復(fù)數(shù),單數(shù)看做整體, 復(fù)數(shù)看做集體的各個(gè)成員。如: The crew is large.船員人數(shù)很多(指整體) ;The crew are all tired

7、.船員們都累壞了(個(gè)體) 。2、不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)( 1)一般說(shuō)來(lái)抽象名詞為不可數(shù)名詞,但當(dāng)抽象名詞表示具體的東西時(shí),可用作可數(shù)名詞且詞義發(fā)生變化,主要類型如下:抽象名詞表示具有某種特性、狀態(tài)、感情情緒的人或事。如:抽象名詞(不可數(shù))具體化(個(gè)體名詞,可數(shù)名詞)in surprise 驚訝地a surprise 一件令人驚訝的事win success獲得成功a success一個(gè)(件)成功的人 (事)win honor 贏得榮譽(yù)an honor 一個(gè) (件 )引以為榮的 ( 事)Failure(失敗 )is the mother of successa failure 失敗者失敗是成功之母。by

8、experience 靠經(jīng)驗(yàn)an experience 一次經(jīng)歷youth 青春a youth 一個(gè)青年人have pity on sb.憐憫某人a pity 可惜的事情with pleasure 樂(lè)意a pleasure 樂(lè)事抽象名詞與a(an)連用,淡化了抽象概念, 轉(zhuǎn)化為似乎可以體驗(yàn)到的動(dòng)作、行為或類別。如:A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.Would you like to have a walk (swim, bath, talk) with me?It is waste of time reading s

9、uch a novel.She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings.(2)物質(zhì)名詞是不可數(shù)名詞,但表示數(shù)量或種類之多時(shí),可以用作可數(shù)名詞。如:物質(zhì)名詞有形或數(shù)的相應(yīng)物體,有單、復(fù)數(shù)。如: some coffee 一些咖啡, a coffee 一杯咖啡, three coffees 三杯咖啡, some drink 一些飲料 , a drink 一杯飲料, three drinks 三杯飲料, his hair 他的頭發(fā), a few grey hairs 幾根白發(fā), glass玻璃, a glass一只玻璃杯。物質(zhì)名詞有前置后置

10、修飾時(shí),前面要使用不定冠詞。have breakfastThe road is covered with snow.have a wonderful breakfastThey have a heavy snow every year.Time and tide wait for no man.We had a wonderful time last night.(3)有復(fù)數(shù)形式的不可數(shù)名詞有些抽象名詞往往以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),起到一種豐富語(yǔ)言感情色彩或強(qiáng)調(diào)某種特殊狀態(tài)的作用。如:Use your brains, please.They have smoothed away the difficul

11、ties.Have you made preparations for tomorrows meeting?Many thanks for your kindness.No pains, no gains.After many failures, they finally succeeded.有些物質(zhì)名詞以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),表示數(shù)量之多,范圍之廣。如:The boy burst into tears at the bad news.The rising waters did a lot of harm to the crops.The stone bridge broke down in heav

12、y rains.3.名詞所有格(1)“ s”所有格的特殊表示形式有:用于表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、重量等的名詞后,如:today snewspaper, five minutes walk(drive),five pounds weight, ten dollarscoffee。用于表示國(guó)家、世界、城市等地方的名詞后。如:the earth planet,s theword s population, Chinas industry, New York。s parks( 2)“ of”所有格的特殊表示方式有:表示“部分”時(shí),一般在所修飾的名詞前有一個(gè)表示數(shù)量的詞(a、two 、several、so

13、me、no、many 等),如: Some students of Mister Zhangs have gone tocollege.張老師的一些學(xué)生已經(jīng)上大學(xué)了。表示“其中之一,其中一部分”的意思時(shí),用:a friend of Toms湯姆的一個(gè)朋友(許多朋友中的一位)。表示贊揚(yáng)、批評(píng)或厭惡等感情色彩時(shí),應(yīng)該用:that/this/these/those + 名詞(單、復(fù)數(shù))of Mary s/yours/his/hers。如:That invention of hers belongs to the world. 她的那項(xiàng)發(fā)明是屬于全世界的(表贊賞)。4、名詞作定語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)中有些名詞沒(méi)有其對(duì)

14、應(yīng)的同根形容詞,這些名詞可以直接用來(lái)作定語(yǔ)修飾另一個(gè)名詞。( 1)分類意義。air pollution空氣污染boy friend 男朋友coffee cup 咖啡杯income tax 所得稅tennis ball 網(wǎng)球song writer 歌曲作家body language 身體語(yǔ)言road accident 交通事故Nobel Prize 諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)( 2)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、稱呼等。Doctor Jack 杰克醫(yī)生Professor Li 李教授evening school 夜校winter sleep 冬眠street dance 街舞country music 鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)village pe

15、ople 村民school education 學(xué)校教育China problem 中國(guó)問(wèn)題( 3)表目的、手段、來(lái)源,所屬意義。reception desk 接待臺(tái)sports field 田徑場(chǎng)stone table 石桌color TV 彩電weather report 天氣預(yù)報(bào)二、精典名題導(dǎo)解選擇填空1. It is generally believed that teaching is _it is a science. (NMET 2001)A.an art much asB. much an art asC. as an art much asD. as much an art

16、as解析:答案為D。當(dāng)名詞前有what 、so、as、too 、quite 等詞修飾時(shí),其形容詞被這些詞修飾,組成下列結(jié)構(gòu),如:What a nice book! This is too heavy a boxfor me to carry. He is not as honest a boy as Mike.等,應(yīng)采取 too/how +形容詞(副詞) + a(an) + 名詞的形式。要記住一些類似的特殊結(jié)構(gòu),并加以分析。2. The police are offering a _to anyone who can give information about the lost key.(N

17、MET 1999)A.priceB. prizeC. rewardD. money解析:答案為C。price 價(jià)格,價(jià)錢; prize 獎(jiǎng)金。項(xiàng)是錢,屬不可數(shù)名詞,題中所要填的是“酬金,報(bào)酬”。注意正確理解名詞的含義及其搭配是活用語(yǔ)言的基礎(chǔ),在復(fù)習(xí)備考中要熟練掌握考綱中一些名詞的詞義、搭配、習(xí)慣等,才能更好辨析名詞,從而選擇最符合句意的選項(xiàng)。3.You findll this map of great _in helping you to get roundLondon.(NMET 1998)A.priceB. costC. valueD. usefulness解析:答案為C。本題考查特定語(yǔ)境

18、中名詞的詞義及“be of + 抽象名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。 Price (價(jià)格 ),cost(價(jià)錢,費(fèi)用,成本)不符合題意,value 作“ quality ofbeing useful or desirable ”解時(shí),常與of 搭配,在句中作表語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ),意為“有用,有價(jià)值”。故選擇 value。注意名詞詞義辨異及慣用法表達(dá),題中“of + 抽象名詞”相當(dāng)于該名詞的形容詞形式。4.If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off.A.a priceB.priceC.the priceD.price解析:答案為C。本題考冠詞和名詞。全句合理句意應(yīng)是:如果

19、你買超過(guò)10 個(gè),他們從(現(xiàn)在標(biāo)出的)價(jià)格上減價(jià)20 便士。此處價(jià)格是特指的定價(jià),所以 C 項(xiàng)最佳。5.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine moths,thesailing time was 226 days.A.of whichB.during whichC.from whichD.for which解析:答案為B。辨析名詞語(yǔ)義 , a distance of +數(shù)字“ 距離” 。6. I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the children.sA.reachB.han

20、dC.holdD.place解析:答案為 A?!皁ut of reach”是“超出某人夠得著的范圍” ,即“夠不著”的意思,藥品應(yīng)放到孩子夠不到的地方。語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)專題二冠詞一、考點(diǎn)聚焦1.不用冠詞的情況(1)專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、人名、地名等名詞前,一般不加冠詞。China, America, SmithAir is matter.(2)可數(shù)名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、 名詞所有格等限制時(shí),不加冠詞。This dictionary is mine.(3)季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、假日、一日三餐名稱前一般不加冠詞。March, May Day, National Day, Childrens

21、 Day, Women s DayHave you had supper?Spring is the best season of the year.( 4)稱呼語(yǔ)或指家用雇用的 nurse、 cook 等名詞前及表示頭銜職務(wù)的名詞作賓語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)及同位語(yǔ)時(shí),一般不加冠詞。Whats this, Father?We made him our chairman.Ask nurse to put the child to bed.Professor Li.(5)學(xué)科名稱、球類、棋類名稱前不加冠詞。Do you study physics?He likes playing football/chess.

22、(6)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指一類人或事物時(shí)前不用冠詞。They are peasants/ workers.(7)在與 by 連用的交通工具名稱前不加冠詞。by car, by bus,by bike, by train, by air/ water/ land但:take a bus, come in a boat, on the train/ bus 需注意。( 8)某些固定詞組中不用冠詞。名詞詞組中:husband and wife, brother and sister, body and soul, day and night, knife andfork介詞詞組中:to(at, from

23、) school, in (to)class, in (to,at, from)university ( college),to( in, into, from ) church, to(in,into, out of)prison(hospital, bed), to(at, from, out of)work, to(in, from) town,at (from)home, to(at)sea, at night(noon, midnight), by car (bus, bicycle,plane), on foot注意:在有些詞組中,有無(wú)冠詞含義不同。in hospital 住院(因

24、?。﹊n the hospital 在醫(yī)院(工作、參觀等)in front of 在前面,指某物體之外in the front of 在前部,指某物之內(nèi)in charge 負(fù)責(zé),主管out of question 沒(méi)問(wèn)題in the charge 由 負(fù)責(zé)out of the question 不可能( 9)as 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,作表語(yǔ)的名詞不帶冠詞。Child as she is, she knows a lot of French.( 10)系動(dòng)詞 turn (作“變成”解)后作表語(yǔ)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前習(xí)慣不用冠詞。The young girl has turned writer.= T

25、he young girl has become a writer.( 11)在單數(shù)名詞 + after + 同一單數(shù)名詞(表示“一個(gè)接一個(gè)” )結(jié)構(gòu)中,單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不加冠詞。She did experiment after experiment.類似的還有: shop after shop, mistake after mistake( 12)形容詞的最高級(jí)前、序數(shù)詞前也有不用定冠詞的情況?!?most + 形容詞原級(jí)”作“十分、非常、極”解時(shí),前面不用定冠詞。Oh, its most beautiful.當(dāng)兩個(gè)形容詞最高級(jí)并列修飾同一個(gè)名詞時(shí),第二個(gè)形容詞前通常不用定冠詞。She is

26、the tallest and fattest girl in our school.當(dāng)形容詞最高級(jí)作表語(yǔ),不表示與其他人或物相比時(shí),其前不用定冠詞。The market in the country is busiest in winter.形容詞最高級(jí)前有名詞所有格或物主代詞時(shí),不能用定冠詞。A wolf in a sheeps skin is our most dangerous enemy.序數(shù)詞前面一般加定冠詞表示“第 ”之意,但在second、third 等詞前加不定冠詞表示“又一,再一”之意。why you took a second arrow注意:下句中“ a first”表

27、示“第一名、冠軍” 。He is a top student in our class; he often gets a first in maths.( 13) no 與 such 連用時(shí)應(yīng)放在 such 之前, such 后面的名詞不用冠詞。 No such thing has ever happened in this village.( 14) never、ever 置于作主語(yǔ)的名詞前,這些名詞前不用冠詞。Never did student study so hard. 這個(gè)學(xué)生從未學(xué)得這么認(rèn)真。( 15)有時(shí)為了節(jié)省空間、時(shí)間、金錢和精力,或?yàn)榱艘鹱⒁饬Γ∪(n)或 the,這

28、主要用于新聞標(biāo)題、工商業(yè)文件、廣告、電報(bào)、公告、提綱、書名等。Conference opens.會(huì)議召開(kāi)了。2.定冠詞的使用情況( 1)使用定冠詞的一般情況。特指或第二次提到。序數(shù)詞前、最高級(jí)前、獨(dú)一無(wú)二的東西前。用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前或某些專有名詞前。( 2)定冠詞使用特殊的場(chǎng)合。 He hit him in the face.beat sb. on the nose, take sb. by the arm, pat sb. on the head the rich, thepoor, the wounded 富人,窮人,傷員 the elder of the two, he more

29、 beautiful of the two兩者中較年長(zhǎng)的一位,較漂亮的一個(gè) The sooner, the better.越快越好。 He got paid by the hour.他是按小時(shí)付工錢的。by the yard/the dozen/the month/the year但:by weight 按重量 in the 50s /in the 1870s (表示年代) the Smiths/the Whites (表示一家人或夫婦倆) in the water/field/light/shade/distance/middle/country/rain tell the truth/on

30、 the other hand/on the way home 當(dāng)抽象名詞表示某一特定內(nèi)容,特別是當(dāng)它有一限定性修飾語(yǔ)時(shí),它與定冠詞連用:She is fond of music.He is playing the music written by Beethoven.Good advice is beyond price.I m sorry not to have taken the advice he gave.3.不定冠詞常用的幾種情況( 1)表示“一”相當(dāng)于“ one”。 I ll return in a day or two.( 2)表示“每”相當(dāng)于“ per”。We have th

31、ree meals a day.( 3)表示“同一性”相當(dāng)于“ the same”。The children are of an age.( 4)表示類指,表示“某類” 。He wants to he a doctor.( 5)表示泛指,相當(dāng)于“ any”。A horse is a useful animal.( 6)表示某一個(gè),相當(dāng)于“ a certain”。A Mr. Smith is asking to see you.( 7)與抽象名詞連用,可以表示“一場(chǎng)、一次、一件” ,如: a pleasure 一件樂(lè)事,a surprise 一件令人驚訝的事, a joy 一件高興的事, a p

32、ity 一件遺憾的事,an honour 一個(gè)(件)經(jīng)以為榮的人(事 )。(8)與物質(zhì)名詞連用,表示“一種,一陣、一份”。What a heavy rain!What a good supper!Please give me a black coffee!4.冠詞表類別的常見(jiàn)方式(1)定冠詞+ 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,表示一個(gè),代表一類。The computer was invented in 1945.The TV set was invented by Joan Baird.The horse is a useful animal.(2)不定冠詞+ 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(表示任意一個(gè),某一個(gè))。A pen

33、is a tool for writing.A square has four sides.A horse is a useful animal.注意: man, woman 表示泛指時(shí),不用冠詞,且常用單數(shù)。如:Man is fighting a battle against pollution.Man tries to be the protector of woman.(3)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,指類別(考慮到同類中的各個(gè)情況)。Horses are useful animals.Rice is a kind of food.5.冠詞位置問(wèn)題(1)不定冠詞+ 副詞 + 形容詞+ 名詞。T

34、his is a very interesting story.( 2)such、what 、both 、all、quite 、rather +不定冠詞 +形容詞 +名詞。I ve never seen suchfilm!aHalf a pound of pork,please!What a good idea it is!( 3)as、so、too 、how、however 、enough+形容詞 +不定冠詞 +名詞。It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.I can t finish the task in so short a time.

35、This seems not too long a distance.We wonder how difficult a problem he worked out.However low te price you paid,you waste your money.He is brave enough a hunter to kill the bear.( 4)定冠詞位置。 half、twice 、three times + the + 名詞He paid twice the price for it.Their house is three times the size of yours.

36、 all、 both、double + the + 名詞Both the blind men were mistaken.All the students in our class are eager to know the secret.I offered him double the amount, but he still refused.二、精典名題導(dǎo)解選擇填空1. Thewarmth of _sweater will of course be determined by the sort of_wool used.(NMET 2001)AThe ; theBthe ; /C/; th

37、eD /; /解析:答案為B。第一空格為特指,交待the warmth 的內(nèi)容,第二空格為泛指, the sort of wool used 所用羊毛的種類。此題有三點(diǎn)需注意:正確理解sweater 這一句詞在句中的類別。掌握 determine 在句中作 “決定”、“取決于”這個(gè)意思。掌握定冠詞表特指的基本用法。2.Mostanimalshavelittleconnectionwith_animalsof_different kind unless they kill them for food. (NMET 2000)AtheaB/aCthetheD/the解析:答案為 B。名詞復(fù)數(shù)表類別

38、, 其前不用冠詞, 故第一個(gè)空格不填冠詞,表不定概念的“一種” ,“某種”要用不定冠詞a。要準(zhǔn)確掌握冠詞表類別的三種表達(dá)方式和不定冠詞常用的幾種情況,見(jiàn)前面要點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)聚焦內(nèi)容。3. Paper money was in_use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _thirteenth century. (NMET1999)Athe/Bthethe C/theD/解析:答案為 C。題中 in use 是固定搭配, 意為“在使用”,use 為抽象名詞,其前不用冠詞。后者是序數(shù)詞前用定冠詞the。要牢記一些固定搭配如in use、under

39、 construction (在建設(shè)中)、in debt(欠債)、come to power (執(zhí)政)、on fire(著火)、 at table(用餐)、out of work (失業(yè))等。4. When you come here for your holiday next time dont gohotel;to Ican find youbed in my flat.A.the; aB.the; 不填C.a; theD.a; 不填解析:答案為 C??级ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。主句部分應(yīng)是The English play at the New Yearparty was a great success.

40、 從句補(bǔ)全為獨(dú)立句子就是my students acted in the play.所以應(yīng)選 in which ,其余介詞不妥。5.John, there isMr. Wilson on the phone for you. I m inbath.A.a; theB.the; aC.a; 不填D.the; 不填解析:答案為A。本題考查冠詞用法。a+姓名,表示“一個(gè)叫 的人”;in the bath 在浴室。6. Tom ownslarger collection ofbooks than any otherstudent in our class.A.the; 不填B.a; 不填C.a; th

41、eD.不填 ; the解析:答案為 B??脊谠~, collection 是可數(shù)名詞, 須填冠詞,被比較級(jí)修飾,但是大范圍的比較,故填不定冠詞,后一空是泛指的表類別的書,且已用了復(fù)數(shù),不填冠詞。故選B。語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)專題三代詞一、考點(diǎn)聚焦代詞分為九類:人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、指示代詞疑問(wèn)代詞、連接代詞、不定代詞、關(guān)系代詞。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的作用。1、人稱代詞(1)人稱代詞作主語(yǔ)用主格,作賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)用賓格,但應(yīng)注意以下4 中情況:作主語(yǔ)的人稱代詞如果孤立地使用于無(wú)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句子中,或在這種句子中與動(dòng)詞不定式連用,常用賓格。Does any of you know where T

42、om lives?Me.What! Me (to) play him at chess? No!句子中代詞作賓語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),與所替代的名詞在人稱、數(shù)、格在意義上一般要保持前后一致。The thief was thought to be he.(the thief 是主格,故用he 代替 )They took me to be her.他們誤以為我是她。 (me 是賓格,故用her 替代)作表語(yǔ)人稱代詞一般用賓格,但在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中,被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分代詞的格不變。I met her in the hospital. It was her who I met in the hospital.在比較級(jí)的句

43、子中than 、as 后用主格、賓格都可以。如:He is taller thanme(I).但在下列句中有區(qū)別。I like Jack as much as her.=I like both Jack and her.I like Jack as much as she.=I like Jack and she likes him, too.(2)兩個(gè)以上的人稱代詞并列,其次序排列原則:在并列主語(yǔ)中, “I”總是放在最后,排列順序?yàn)椋憾?一(人稱)。賓格 me 也一樣。You ,she and I will be in charge of the case.Mr.Zhang asked L

44、i Hua and me to help him.第三人稱,男女兩性并用,男先女后。He and she still dont agree to the plan.(3)幾個(gè)人稱代詞的特殊用法。we/you( 口語(yǔ) )常用來(lái)泛指一般人。she 可以代表國(guó)家、船只、大地、月亮等。The “Titanic”was the largest, wasnt she?2.物主代詞s(1)名詞和形容詞性物主代詞各自的語(yǔ)法功能。(2)ones own=.of one句sown式的轉(zhuǎn)換。( 3)某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中常用定冠詞代替物主代詞。如: take sb. by the arm, be wounded in th

45、e leg.3.反身代詞( 1)反身代詞的語(yǔ)法功能:賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)。( 2)反身代詞和某些動(dòng)詞連有,構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ)。enjoy oneself, feel oneself, make oneself at home, make oneself understood(3)反身代詞還可用于某些成語(yǔ)中。for oneself 為自己或獨(dú)立地, of oneself 自然地,自動(dòng)地by oneself 獨(dú)自地, in oneself 本身性質(zhì), beside oneself 喜怒哀愁至極This problem gets a chapter to itself.這個(gè)問(wèn)題占了一章(獨(dú)有)

46、。Just between ourselves, I donthink much of him. 私下地說(shuō)我并不怎么看重他。They were discussing about it among themselves.(相互共同)Left to himself he began to write. 別人走后只留下他,他寫了起來(lái)。I m very angry with myself生.自己的氣。4.相互代詞( each other, one another )相互代詞無(wú)人稱、數(shù)和格的區(qū)別,在句中作賓語(yǔ)。其所有格分別為eachother 、s one another作s定,語(yǔ)。一般來(lái)說(shuō), each

47、 other 指兩者之間, one another 指三者或三者以上之間,但現(xiàn)在區(qū)分已不明顯。5.指示代詞( this, that , these, those, such, same)指示代詞具有形容詞和代詞兩種詞性,在句子中可以作定語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等。( 1)指示代詞this 和 that 的區(qū)別。 this (these)一般指時(shí)間或空間上較近的人或物;that(those) 常指時(shí)間或空間較遠(yuǎn)的人或物。This is my desk and that is yours.In those days they could not go to school. this 常指后面要講到的事

48、物, 有啟下的作用; that 則指前面講到過(guò)的事物,有承上的作用。I want to tell you this:the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.He hurt his leg yesterday. Thats why he didnt come.為了避免重復(fù),常用that 或 those 代替前面已提過(guò)的名詞。The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox

49、. this 在電話用語(yǔ)中作自我介紹, that 詢問(wèn)對(duì)方;this 和 that 可以當(dāng)副詞用,意思相當(dāng)于副詞 so。( 2)such 和 same 的用法。 such 指“這樣的”人或事,在句中作主語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。Such was the story.We have never seen such a tall building. same 指“同樣的”人或事,在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ), same 的前面要用定冠詞 the.The same can be said of the other article.另一篇文章也是同樣的情況。 (主語(yǔ))Whether he can do it or

50、not,it is all the same to me.他是否能做這事,對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)都一樣。(表語(yǔ))6、疑問(wèn)代詞( who,whom,which,what,whose )疑問(wèn)代詞在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。( 1)who/what詢問(wèn)姓名或關(guān)系。Who is he? He is my brother./He isHenry.詢問(wèn)職業(yè)或地位。What is he? He is a lawyer/teacher. What/who作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于說(shuō)話人的視點(diǎn),可單數(shù)也可復(fù)數(shù)。What is /are on the table?Who is/are in the library?(2

51、)which 與 who 、whatwhich 表示在一定范圍內(nèi),而who、what 則無(wú)此限制。I found two books on the desk.Which is yours?7.連接代詞和關(guān)系代詞連接代詞與疑問(wèn)代詞的形式相同,主要有 who、whom、whose 、what 、which以及它們與 ever 合成的代詞 whoever 、whomever 、whatever 、whichever 等。它們用來(lái)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句,即連接復(fù)合句中的主句和從句,并在從句中擔(dān)任一定的句子成分,以連接代詞引起的名詞性從句前不能再加that.關(guān)系代詞是用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的代詞,它

52、們包括 who、whom、whose 、which、that 等。這兩類代詞的用法詳見(jiàn)“名詞性從句”和“定語(yǔ)從句”部分。8、不定代詞不定代詞主要有: all、each、every、both 、either、neither 、one 、none、little 、few、many、 much、other 、 another 、some、any、no 等。還有由some、any、no 和 every 構(gòu)成合成代詞,不定代詞具有名詞和形容詞的性質(zhì),并有可數(shù)和不可數(shù)之分,在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等(every、no 只能作定語(yǔ))。下面介紹幾組主要不定代詞的用法與區(qū)別。( 1)some 與 any一般用法: some、any 可與單、復(fù)

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