步進電機 原理分類和特點 畢業(yè)設計中英文翻譯

1、中文步進電機步進電機是將電脈沖信號轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榻俏灰苹蚓€位移的開環(huán)控制元步進電機件。在非超載的情況下，電機的轉(zhuǎn)速、停止的位置只取決于脈沖信號的頻率和脈沖數(shù)，而不受負載變化的影響，當步進驅(qū)動器接收到一個脈沖信號，它就驅(qū)動步進電機按設定的方向轉(zhuǎn)動一個固定的角度，稱為“步距角”，它的旋轉(zhuǎn)是以固定的角度一步一步運行的?？梢酝ㄟ^控制脈沖個數(shù)來控制角位移量，從而達到準確定位的目的；同時可以通過控制脈沖頻率來控制電機轉(zhuǎn)動的速度和加速度，從而達到調(diào)速的目的。工作原理步進電機是一種感應電機，它的工作原理是利用電子電路，將直流電變成分時供電的，多相時序控制電流，用這種電流為步進電機供電，步進電機才能正常工作，驅(qū)動器就是

2、為步進電機分時供電的，多相時序控制器 雖然步進電機已被廣泛地應用，但步進電機并不能象普通的直流電機，交流電機在常規(guī)下使用。它必須由雙環(huán)形脈沖信號、功率驅(qū)動電路等組成控制系統(tǒng)方可使用。因此用好步進電機卻非易事，它涉及到機械、電機、電子及計算機等許多專業(yè)知識。 步進電機作為執(zhí)行元件，是機電一體化的關鍵產(chǎn)品之一, 廣泛應用在各種自動化控制系統(tǒng)中。隨著微電子和計算機技術的發(fā)展，步進電機的需求量與日俱增，在各個國民經(jīng)濟領域都有應用。 分類現(xiàn)在比較常用的步進電機包括反應式步進電機（VR）、永磁式步進電機（PM）、混合式步進電機（HB）和單相式步進電機等。 永磁式步進電機永磁式步進電機一般為兩相，轉(zhuǎn)矩和體積

3、較小，步進角一般為7.5度 或15度； 永磁式步進電動機輸出力矩大，動態(tài)性能好，但步距角大。 反應式步進電機反應式步進電機一般為三相，可實現(xiàn)大轉(zhuǎn)矩輸出，步進角一般為1.5度，但噪聲和振動都很大。反應式步進電機的轉(zhuǎn)子磁路由軟磁材料制成，定子上有多相勵磁繞組，利用磁導的變化產(chǎn)生轉(zhuǎn)矩。 反應式步進電動機結構簡單，生產(chǎn)成本低，步距角小；但動態(tài)性能差。 混合式步進電機混合式步進電動機綜合了反應式、永磁式步進電動機兩者的優(yōu)點，它的步距角小，出力大，動態(tài)性能好，是目前性能最高的步進電動機。它有時也稱作永磁感應子式步進電動機。它又分為兩相和五相：兩相步進角一般為1.8度而五相步進角一般為 0.72度。這種步進

4、電機的應用最為廣泛。 變頻器對步進電機的節(jié)能改造三相步進電機專用變頻器特點： 低頻轉(zhuǎn)矩輸出180% ，低頻運行特性良好 輸出頻率最大600Hz，可控制高速電機 全方位的偵測保護功能(過壓、欠壓、過載)瞬間停電再起動 加速、減速、動轉(zhuǎn)中失速防止等保護功能 電機動態(tài)參數(shù)自動識別功能，保證系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性和精確性 高速停機時響應快 豐富靈活的輸入、輸出接口和控制方式，通用性強 采用SMT全貼裝生產(chǎn)及三防漆處理工藝，產(chǎn)品穩(wěn)定度高 全系列采用最新西門子IGBT功率器件，確保品質(zhì)的高質(zhì)量 基本原理通常電機的轉(zhuǎn)子為永磁體，當電流流過定子繞組時，定子繞組產(chǎn)生一矢量磁場。該磁場會帶動轉(zhuǎn)子旋轉(zhuǎn)一角度，使得轉(zhuǎn)子的一對磁

5、場方向與定子的磁場方向一致。當定子的矢量磁場旋轉(zhuǎn)一個角度。轉(zhuǎn)子也隨著該磁場轉(zhuǎn)一個角度。每輸入一個電脈沖，電動機轉(zhuǎn)動一個角度前進一步。它輸出的角位移與輸入的脈沖數(shù)成正比、轉(zhuǎn)速與脈沖頻率成正比。改變繞組通電的順序，電機就會反轉(zhuǎn)。所以可用控制脈沖數(shù)量、頻率及電動機各相繞組的通電順序來控制步進電機的轉(zhuǎn)動。 反應式步進電機由于反應式步進電機工作原理比較簡單。下面先敘述三相反應式步進電機原理。 1、結構： 電機轉(zhuǎn)子均勻分布著很多小齒，定子齒有三個勵磁繞阻，其幾何軸線依次分別與轉(zhuǎn)子齒軸線錯開。 0、1/3、2/3,（相鄰兩轉(zhuǎn)子齒軸線間的距離為齒距以表示），即A與齒1相對齊，B與齒2向右錯開1/3，C與齒3向

6、右錯開2/3，A與齒5相對齊，（A就是A，齒5就是齒1）下面是定轉(zhuǎn)子的展開圖： 2、旋轉(zhuǎn)： 如A相通電，B，C相不通電時，由于磁場作用，齒1與A對齊，（轉(zhuǎn)子不受任何力以下均同）。 如B相通電，A，C相不通電時，齒2應與B對齊，此時轉(zhuǎn)子向右移過1/3，此時齒3與C偏移為1/3，齒4與A偏移（-1/3）=2/3。 如C相通電，A，B相不通電，齒3應與C對齊，此時轉(zhuǎn)子又向右移過1/3，此時齒4與A偏移為1/3對齊。 如A相通電，B，C相不通電，齒4與A對齊，轉(zhuǎn)子又向右移過1/3 這樣經(jīng)過A、B、C、A分別通電狀態(tài)，齒4（即齒1前一齒）移到A相，電機轉(zhuǎn)子向右轉(zhuǎn)過一個齒距，如果不斷地按A，B，C，A通電

7、，電機就每步（每脈沖）1/3,向右旋轉(zhuǎn)。如按A，C，B，A通電，電機就反轉(zhuǎn)。 由此可見：電機的位置和速度由導電次數(shù)（脈沖數(shù)）和頻率成一一對應關系。而方向由導電順序決定。 不過，出于對力矩、平穩(wěn)、噪音及減少角度等方面考慮。往往采用A-AB-B-BCC-CA-A這種導電狀態(tài)，這樣將原來每步1/3改變?yōu)?/6。甚至于通過二相電流不同的組合，使其1/3變?yōu)?/12，1/24，這就是電機細分驅(qū)動的基本理論依據(jù)。 不難推出：電機定子上有m相勵磁繞阻，其軸線分別與轉(zhuǎn)子齒軸線偏移1/m,2/m(m-1)/m,1。并且導電按一定的相序電機就能正反轉(zhuǎn)被控制這是旋轉(zhuǎn)的物理條件。只要符合這一條件我們理論上可以制造任何

8、相的步進電機，出于成本等多方面考慮，市場上一般以二、三、四、五相為多。 3、力矩： 電機一旦通電，在定轉(zhuǎn)子間將產(chǎn)生磁場（磁通量）當轉(zhuǎn)子與定子錯開一定角度產(chǎn)生力 F與（d/d）成正比 S 其磁通量=Br*S Br為磁密，S為導磁面積 F與L*D*Br成正比 L為鐵芯有效長度，D為轉(zhuǎn)子直徑 Br=NI/R NI為勵磁繞阻安匝數(shù)（電流乘匝數(shù)）R為磁阻。 力矩=力*半徑 力矩與電機有效體積*安匝數(shù)*磁密 成正比（只考慮線性狀態(tài)） 因此，電機有效體積越大，勵磁安匝數(shù)越大，定轉(zhuǎn)子間氣隙越小，電機力矩越大，反之亦然。 感應子式步進電機1、特點： 感應子式與傳統(tǒng)的反應式相比，結構上轉(zhuǎn)子加有永磁體，以提供軟磁材

9、料的工作點，而定子激磁只需提供變化的磁場而不必提供磁材料工作點的耗能，因此該電機效率高，電流小，發(fā)熱低。因永磁體的存在，該電機具有較強的反電勢，其自身阻尼作用比較好，使其在運轉(zhuǎn)過程中比較平穩(wěn)、噪音低、低頻振動小。 感應子式某種程度上可以看作是低速同步的電機。一個四相電機可以作四相運行，也可以作二相運行。（必須采用雙極電壓驅(qū)動），而反應式電機則不能如此。例如：四相，八相運行（A-AB-B-BC-C-CD-D-DA-A）完全可以采用二相八拍運行方式.不難發(fā)現(xiàn)其條件為C=,D=. 一個二相電機的內(nèi)部繞組與四相電機完全一致，小功率電機一般直接接為二相，而功率大一點的電機，為了方便使用，靈活改變電機的動

10、態(tài)特點，往往將其外部接線為八根引線（四相），這樣使用時，既可以作四相電機使用，可以作二相電機繞組串聯(lián)或并聯(lián)使用。 2、分類 感應子式電機以相數(shù)可分為：二相電機、三相電機、四相電機、五相電機等。以機座號（電機外徑）可分為：42BYG(BYG為感應子式步進電機代號）、57BYG、86BYG、110BYG、（國際標準），而像70BYG、90BYG、130BYG等均為國內(nèi)標準。 3、步進電機的靜態(tài)指標術語 相數(shù)：產(chǎn)生不同對極N、S磁場的激磁線圈對數(shù)。常用m表示。 拍數(shù)：完成一個磁場周期性變化所需脈沖數(shù)或?qū)щ姞顟B(tài)用n表示，或指電機轉(zhuǎn)過一個齒距角所需脈沖數(shù)，以四相電機為例，有四相四拍運行方式即AB-BC-

11、CD-DA-AB，四相八拍運行方式即 A-AB-B-BC-C-CD-D-DA-A. 步距角：對應一個脈沖信號，電機轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)過的角位移用表示。=360度（轉(zhuǎn)子齒數(shù)J*運行拍數(shù)），以常規(guī)二、四相，轉(zhuǎn)子齒為50齒電機為例。四拍運行時步距角為=360度/（50*4）=1.8度（俗稱整步），八拍運行時步距角為=360度/（50*8）=0.9度（俗稱半步）。 定位轉(zhuǎn)矩：電機在不通電狀態(tài)下，電機轉(zhuǎn)子自身的鎖定力矩（由磁場齒形的諧波以及機械誤差造成的） 靜轉(zhuǎn)矩：電機在額定靜態(tài)電作用下，電機不作旋轉(zhuǎn)運動時，電機轉(zhuǎn)軸的鎖定力矩。此力矩是衡量電機體積（幾何尺寸）的標準，與驅(qū)動電壓及驅(qū)動電源等無關。 雖然靜轉(zhuǎn)矩與電磁激

12、磁安匝數(shù)成正比，與定齒轉(zhuǎn)子間的氣隙有關，但過分采用減小氣隙，增加激磁安匝來提高靜力矩是不可取的，這樣會造成電機的發(fā)熱及機械噪音。 4、動態(tài)指標及術語： 1、步距角精度： 步進電機每轉(zhuǎn)過一個步距角的實際值與理論值的誤差。用百分比表示：誤差/步距角*100%。不同運行拍數(shù)其值不同，四拍運行時應在5%之內(nèi)，八拍運行時應在15%以內(nèi)。 2、失步： 電機運轉(zhuǎn)時運轉(zhuǎn)的步數(shù)，不等于理論上的步數(shù)。稱之為失步。 3、失調(diào)角： 轉(zhuǎn)子齒軸線偏移定子齒軸線的角度，電機運轉(zhuǎn)必存在失調(diào)角，由失調(diào)角產(chǎn)生的誤差，采用細分驅(qū)動是不能解決的。 4、最大空載起動頻率： 電機在某種驅(qū)動形式、電壓及額定電流下，在不加負載的情況下，能夠

13、直接起動的最大頻率。 5、最大空載的運行頻率： 電機在某種驅(qū)動形式，電壓及額定電流下，電機不帶負載的最高轉(zhuǎn)速頻率。 6、運行矩頻特性： 電機在某種測試條件下測得運行中輸出力矩與頻率關系的曲線稱為運行矩頻特性，這是電機諸多動態(tài)曲線中最重要的，也是電機選擇的根本依據(jù)。如下圖所示： 其它特性還有慣頻特性、起動頻率特性等。 電機一旦選定，電機的靜力矩確定，而動態(tài)力矩卻不然，電機的動態(tài)力矩取決于電機運行時的平均電流（而非靜態(tài)電流），平均電流越大，電機輸出力矩越大，即電機的頻率特性越硬。 如下圖所示： 其中，曲線3電流最大、或電壓最高;曲線1電流最小、或電壓最低，曲線與負載的交點為負載的最大速度點。 要使

14、平均電流大，盡可能提高驅(qū)動電壓，使采用小電感大電流的電機。 7、電機的共振點：步進電機均有固定的共振區(qū)域，二、四相感應子式的共振區(qū)一般在180-250pps之間（步距角1.8度）或在400pps左右（步距角為0.9度），電機驅(qū)動電壓越高，電機電流越大，負載越輕，電機體積越小，則共振區(qū)向上偏移，反之亦然，為使電機輸出電矩大，不失步和整個系統(tǒng)的噪音降低，一般工作點均應偏移共振區(qū)較多。 8、電機正反轉(zhuǎn)控制： 當電機繞組通電時序為AB-BC-CD-DA或()時為正轉(zhuǎn)，通電時序為DA-CD-BC-AB或()時為反轉(zhuǎn)。 步進電機的一些基本參數(shù)電機固有步距角它表示控制系統(tǒng)每發(fā)一個步進脈沖信號，電機所轉(zhuǎn)動的角

15、度。電機出廠時給出了一個步距角的值，如86BYG250A型電機給出的值為0.9/1.8（表示半步工作時為0.9、整步工作時為1.8），這個步距角可以稱之為電機固有步距角，它不一定是電機實際工作時的真正步距角，真正的步距角和驅(qū)動器有關。 通常步進電機步距角的一般計算按下式計算。 =360/（ZmK） 式中 步進電機的步距角； Z轉(zhuǎn)子齒數(shù)； m步進電動機的相數(shù)； K控制系數(shù)，是拍數(shù)與相數(shù)的比例系數(shù) 步進電機的相數(shù)是指電機內(nèi)部的線圈組數(shù)，目前常用的有二相、三相、四相、五相步進電機。電機相數(shù)不同，其步距角也不同，一般二相電機的步距角為0.9/1.8、三相的為0.75/1.5、五相的為0.36/0.72

16、 。在沒有細分驅(qū)動器時，用戶主要靠選擇不同相數(shù)的步進電機來滿足自己步距角的要求。如果使用細分驅(qū)動器，則相數(shù)將變得沒有意義，用戶只需在驅(qū)動器上改變細分數(shù)，就可以改變步距角。 保持轉(zhuǎn)矩（HOLDING TORQUE）是指步進電機通電但沒有轉(zhuǎn)動時，定子鎖住轉(zhuǎn)子的力矩。它是步進電機最重要的參數(shù)之一，通常步進電機在低速時的力矩接近保持轉(zhuǎn)矩。由于步進電機的輸出力矩隨速度的增大而不斷衰減，輸出功率也隨速度的增大而變化，所以保持轉(zhuǎn)矩就成為了衡量步進電機最重要的參數(shù)之一。比如，當人們說2N.m的步進電機，在沒有特殊說明的情況下是指保持轉(zhuǎn)矩為2N.m的步進電機。 DETENT TORQUE： 是指步進電機沒有通電

17、的情況下，定子鎖住轉(zhuǎn)子的力矩。DETENT TORQUE 在國內(nèi)沒有統(tǒng)一的翻譯方式，容易使大家產(chǎn)生誤解；由于反應式步進電機的轉(zhuǎn)子不是永磁材料，所以它沒有DETENT TORQUE。 步進電機特點1一般步進電機的精度為步進角的3-5%，且不累積。 2步進電機外表允許的最高溫度。 步進電機溫度過高首先會使電機的磁性材料退磁，從而導致力矩下降乃至于失步，因此電機外表允許的最高溫度應取決于不同電機磁性材料的退磁點；一般來講，磁性材料的退磁點都在攝氏130度以上，有的甚至高達攝氏200度以上，所以步進電機外表溫度在攝氏80-90度完全正常。 3步進電機的力矩會隨轉(zhuǎn)速的升高而下降。 當步進電機轉(zhuǎn)動時，電機

18、各相繞組的電感將形成一個反向電動勢；頻率越高，反向電動勢越大。在它的作用下，電機隨頻率（或速度）的增大而相電流減小，從而導致力矩下降。 4步進電機低速時可以正常運轉(zhuǎn),但若高于一定速度就無法啟動,并伴有嘯叫聲。 步進電機有一個技術參數(shù)：空載啟動頻率，即步進電機在空載情況下能夠正常啟動的脈沖頻率，如果脈沖頻率高于該值，電機不能正常啟動，可能發(fā)生丟步或堵轉(zhuǎn)。在有負載的情況下，啟動頻率應更低。如果要使電機達到高速轉(zhuǎn)動，脈沖頻率應該有加速過程，即啟動頻率較低，然后按一定加速度升到所希望的高頻（電機轉(zhuǎn)速從低速升到高速）。 步進電動機以其顯著的特點，在數(shù)字化制造時代發(fā)揮著重大的用途。伴隨著不同的數(shù)字化技術的

19、發(fā)展以及步進電機本身技術的提高，步進電機將會在更多的領域得到應用。 EnglishStepper motorStepper motor is the electric pulse signals into angular displacement or linear displacement of the open-loop stepper motor control element pieces. In the case of non-overloaded, the motor speed, stop position depends only on the pulse frequency

20、and pulse number, regardless of load changes, when the driver receives a step pulse signal, it will drive a stepper motor to Set the direction of rotation of a fixed angle, called the step angle, which the angle of rotation is fixed step by step operation. Number of pulses can be controlled by contr

21、olling the angular displacement, so as to achieve accurate positioning purposes; the same time by controlling the pulse frequency to control the motor rotation speed and acceleration, to achieve speed control purposes.WorkInduction motor is a stepper motor, does it work is the use of electronic circ

22、uits, the DC power supply into a time-sharing, multi-phase timing control current, this current stepper motor power supply, the stepper motor to work properly , The drive is sharing power supply for the stepper motor, the polyphase timing controllerAlthough the stepper motor has been widely used, bu

23、t the stepper motor does not like a normal DC motor, AC motor in the conventional use. It must be double-ring pulse signal, power driver circuit composed of the control system can be used. Therefore, it is not easy with a good stepping motor, which involves mechanical, electrical, electronics and co

24、mputers, and many other specialized knowledge.As the stepper motor actuators, electromechanical integration, one of the key products, widely used in a variety of automatic control systems. With the development of microelectronics and computer technology, increasing demand for stepper motor, has appl

25、ications in all areas of the national economy.CategoriesNow more commonly used include the reaction of step motor stepper motor (VR), permanent magnet stepper motor (PM), hybrid stepper motors (HB) and single-phase stepper motor.Permanent magnet stepper motorPermanent magnet stepper motor is general

26、ly two-phase, torque, and smaller, usually 7.5 degree step angle or 15 degrees;Permanent magnet stepper motor output torque, dynamic performance, but a large step angle.Reaction Stepper Motor Reaction is generally three-phase stepping motor can achieve high torque output, step angle of 1.5 degrees i

27、s generally, but the noise and vibration are large. Reaction by the stepper motor rotor magnetic circuit made of soft magnetic materials, a number of the stator phase excitation winding, the use of permeability changes in torque.Step Motor simple structure, low production costs, step angle is small;

28、 but the dynamic performance is poor.Hybrid Stepping MotorHybrid Step Motor combines reactive, permanent magnet stepper motors of both, its a small step angle, contribute a large, dynamic performance, is currently the highest performance stepper motor. It is also sometimes referred to as Permanent M

29、agnet Induction Stepping Motor. It consists of two phases and the five-phase: the general two-phase step angle of 1.8 degrees and the general five-phase step angle 0.72 degrees. The most widely used Stepper Motor.Stepper motor drive for energy savingThree-phase stepper motor drive special features:

30、180% low torque output, low frequency characteristics of a good run Maximum output frequency 600Hz, high-speed motor control full range of detection of protection (over voltage, under voltage, overload) instantaneous power failure restart acceleration, deceleration, such as dynamic change in the sta

31、ll protection function to prevent Electrical dynamic parameters of automatic recognition function to ensure stability and accuracy of the system quick response and high-speed shutdown abundant and flexible input and output interface and control, versatility use of SMT production and three full-mount

32、 anti-paint treatment process, product stability and high full range of Siemens IGBT power devices using the latest, to ensure the quality of high-qualityBasic principlesUsually for the permanent magnet rotor motor, when current flows through the stator windings, the stator windings produce a magnet

33、ic field vector. The magnetic field will lead to a rotor angle of the magnetic field makes the direction of a rotor and the stators magnetic field direction. When the stator magnetic field vector rotating at an angle. As the rotor magnetic field is also transferred from another perspective. An elect

34、rical pulse for each input, the motor turning a point forward. It is the angular displacement of the output and input the number of pulses proportional to speed and pulse frequency is proportional to. Power to change the order of winding, the motor will reverse. Therefore, the number of available co

35、ntrol pulse, frequency and power the motor windings of each phase in order to control the stepper motor rotation.Reaction Stepper MotorAs the response to stepping motor works is relatively simple. The following describes the first principle of three-phase stepping motor response. 1, the structure: u

36、niformly distributed rotor with many small teeth, the stator excitation windings of three teeth, the geometric axis of the rotor tooth axis in order were staggered. 0,1 / 3 , 2 / 3 , (adjacent to the two axes of the rotor tooth pitch distance between the said), that is, with the teeth a relatively h

37、omogeneous A, B and staggered tooth 2 to the right 1 / 3 , C and the right to stagger tooth 3 2 / 3 , A and the tooth 5 is relatively homogeneous, (A is A, is the gear teeth 5 1) The following is the rotors expansion plan:2, rotation: If the A-phase power, B, C phase is not energized, the magnetic f

38、ield, alignment of teeth 1 and A, (without any power of the rotor are the same the following). Such as the B-phase power, A, C phase is not energized, gear 2, and B should be aligned, when the rotor over to the right 1 / 3 , this time offset teeth 3 and C 1 / 3 , teeth 4 and A shift ( -1 / 3 te) = 2

39、 / 3 . Such as the C-phase power, A, B phase is not energized, gear 3, and C should be aligned, this time right off the rotor Youxiang 1 / 3 , 4 and A gear shift time is 1 / 3 alignment. Such as the A-phase power, B, C phase is not energized, 4 and A-aligned teeth, the rotor Youxiang right over 1 /

40、3 so after A, B, C, A are energized, gear 4 (ie, the previous tooth 1 teeth) to the A-phase, rotor to the right around a pitch, if you continue to press the A, B, C, A . . power, the motor for each step (per pulse) 1 / 3 , Rotate Right. Such as by A, C, B, A . . power, the motor to reverse. This sho

41、ws that: the location and speed of motor conduction times by the (number of pulses) and frequency into one relationship. The direction determined by the conductivity of the order. However, out of torque, smooth, noise and reduce the angle considerations. Often with A-AB-B-BC-C-CA-A this conductive s

42、tate, so that each step the original 1 / 3 changed to 1 / 6 . Even through different combinations of two-phase current, so 1 / 3 into 1 / 12 , 1 / 24, te, which is the basic theory of the motor-driven basis for subdivision. Easily introduced: m phase on the stator excitation windings, the axis of th

43、e rotor tooth axis were offset 1 / m, 2 / m . . (m-1) / m, 1. And conductivity at a certain phase sequence reversing motor can be controlled - this is the rotation of the physical conditions. As long as we meet this condition can theoretically create any phase stepper motor, because of cost, and man

44、y other considerations, the market generally two, three, four, five-phase is more. 3, the torque: the motor once energized, will produce between the stator and rotor magnetic field (magnetic flux ) when the rotor and stator stagger angle to produce force F and (d / d) is proportional to S the magnet

45、ic flux = Br * S Br for the flux density, F and S for the magnetic area of L * D * Br core is proportional to L, effective length, D is rotor diameter Br = N I / RN I was excited winding ampere turns (current x turns) R for the magnetic resistance. Torque = force * radius of the torque and the motor

46、 turns the effective volume * An * is proportional to the flux density (only consider the linear state), therefore, the greater the effective volume of the motor, the greater the excitation ampere turns, the smaller air gap between stator and rotor, the motor torque, and vice versa.Induction Steppin

47、g Motor1, features: Induction, compared with the traditional reactive, structural reinforced with a permanent magnet rotor, in order to provide the working point of soft magnetic materials, and the stator excitation magnetic field changes only need to provide to provide the operating point of the co

48、nsumption of magnetic materials energy, so the motor efficiency, current, low heat. Due to the presence of permanent magnets, the motor has a strong EMF, the damping effect of its own good, it is relatively stable during operation, low noise, low frequency vibration. Induction can be seen as somewha

49、t low-speed synchronous motor. A four-phase motor can be used for four-phase operation, but also can be used for two-phase operation. (Must be bipolar voltage drive), while the motor is not so reactive. For example: four phase, eight-phase operation (A-AB-B-BC-C-CD-D-DA-A) can use two-phase eight-sh

50、ot run. Not difficult to find the conditions for C =, D =. a two-phase motors internal winding consistent with the four-phase motors, small power motors are generally directly connected to the second phase, the power of larger motor, in order to facilitate the use and flexible to change the dynamic

51、characteristics of the motor, its external connections often lead to eight (four-phase), so that when used either as a four-phase motors used, can be used for two-phase motor winding in series or parallel.2, classificationInduction motors can be divided in phases: two-phase motor, three phase motor,

52、 four-phase motor, five-phase motor. The frame size (motor diameter) can be divided into: 42BYG (BYG the Induction Stepping motor code), 57BYG, 86BYG, 110BYG, (international standard), and like 70BYG, 90BYG, 130BYG and so are the national standards. 3, the stepper motor phase number of static indica

53、tors of terms: very differently on the N, S the number of magnetic field excitation coil. Common m said. Beat number: complete the necessary cyclical changes in a magnetic field pulses or conducting state with n said, or that turned a pitch angle of the motor pulses needed to four-phase motor, for e

54、xample, a four-phase four-shot operation mode that AB -BC-CD-DA-AB, shot eight four-phase operation mode that A-AB-B-BC-C-CD-D-DA-A. Step angle: corresponds to a pulse signal, the angular displacement of the rotor turned with said. = 360 degrees (the rotor teeth number of J * run shot), the conventi

55、onal two, four-phase, the rotor teeth 50 tooth motor as an example. Four step run-time step angle = 360 / (50 * 4) = 1.8 degrees (commonly called the whole step), eight-shot running step angle = 360 / (50 * 8) = 0.9 degrees (commonly known as half step.) Location torque: the motor is not energized i

56、n the state, its locked rotor torque (as well as by the magnetic field profile of harmonics caused by mechanical error) static torque: the motor under the rated static electricity, the motor without rotation, the motor shaft locking torque. The motor torque is a measure of volume (geometry) standard

57、s, and drive voltage and drive power, etc. has nothing to do. Although the static torque is proportional to the electromagnetic magnetizing ampere turns, and fixed air gap between the rotor teeth on, but over-use of reduced air gap, increase the excitation ampere-turns to increase the static torque

58、is not desirable, this will cause the motor heating and mechanical noise.4, the dynamic indicators and terminology:1, step angle accuracy: turn a stepper motor step angle for each actual value with the theoretical value of the error. Expressed as a percentage: Error / Step Angle * 100%. Its value is the number of different running different beat, four beat running should be within 5%, eight runs should take less than 15%. 2 step: the motor running operation steps, is not equal to the t