胡椒慢蔫病及其防治

1、鑳C鎱敨鐥呭強(qiáng)鍏墮槻娌？/B鍘熸枃杞戒簬：鍒樿繘騫籌紝閮戞垚鏈?鑳c 鎱敨鐥呼爺絀惰繘灞?騫胯夕鐑甫鍐滀笟錛？003錛?錛?0-41鑳C 鎱敨鐥呭強(qiáng)鍏墮槻娌?/B鑳C鎱敨鐥咃紙slow wilt錛夂張縐幫紙緙擄級(jí)鎱？u“寮辨垨琛伴？?鐥咃紙slow decli ne錛夛紝鎴栬儭妞掗粍鍖栫梾錛坧 epper yellows 錛夈?傜敱浜庤繖縐嶇梾瀹充粠寮？濮嬬棁鐘跺嚭鐜板埌妞嶆牚鏈？錫庢浜C?氬父闇？瑕佽緝闀跨兢鏃墮棿錛屼笌閫熸灟鐥咃紙quick wilt 錛夂紩璧鋒鏍繀閫熸浜笉錫岋紝鏁呮縐頒箣銆傝儭妞掓參钄 梾鍦尢笘鐣岃澶 氬湴鍖洪兘鏈夂彂鐢燂紝鏄竴縐嶉檺鍒惰儭妞掔敓浜x兢涓嚴(yán)噸鐥呭錛屼緘澶氬

2、勾鏉嚴(yán)兘涓？鐩存湭鑳藉鍏剁梾鍥犲鍛岄槻娌繪柟娉矇簡(jiǎn)瑙f竻妤氥?備互鍓嶆湁浜鴻涓烘槸鐪熻弼錛？lFusarium, Diplodia , Rhizoctonia錛夈？佽泙媧炵嚎铏？Meloidogy ne in cog nia ）鍛屾牴緇撶嚎铏紙Rhadopholus similes錛夂紩璧瘋鐥咃紝涔熸湁浜鴻涓烘槸鐢熺悊绱婁貢銆佷笉鑹湡澹/幆澧冩垨钀二吁涓嶅鉤琛紝灝叾鏄愛(ài)鍛岄捑鐨勤己涔忔墍寮疊搗鐨勶紝浣嗕竴鐩存湭鑳藉彂鐜扮瀹氭？ 乂兢璇佹嵁銆傜洰鍓嶏紝宸插 鑳C鎱敨鐥呼兢鐥呭洜瀛?佹祦琛岀梾瀛拰鐥呭闃叉不宸叉湁娓呮 鐨勪簡(jiǎn)瑙c ?傝泙媧炵嚎铏紙Radopholus similes 錛夈？佹牴緇撶

3、嚎铏 紙 Meloidog yne in cog nita錛夂拰杈f 鐤 湁錛?IPhytophthoracapsici錛変負(fù)鑳C鎱敨鐥呼兢鐥呭師銆?/P涓？銆佺棁鐘?/P鎰熺梾鐨勫湴涓嬮儴鍒嗚鐜拌寧钄撶兢錫告敕鏍圭郴錛坒eed ing roots錛夂潖姝繪？巾崯浼袒紝騫跺鑷存牴鑵愮梾榪欐牱鐨勫茍鍙戠棁銆傞櫎鏍圭郴澶U寢鍥磋厫鐑傚錛岃繕?shù)細(xì)?瀵熷埌鏍圭槫錛塚垨鍐犵樋鐦袒級(jí)錛涘湪鍦頒笂閮厶垎錛屼笉錫岀搴&兢鏍硅厫鐑傚鑷村彾鐗囧彉榛勫強(qiáng)鏋悗鐥囩妍8銆傝繖縐嶇梾瀹崇兢鐗圭偣鏄悗钄 棁鐘墮？愭笎琛丨幇銆傚湪鍗板害錛岄？氬父鍦尢笢鍖楀椋庡悗鍑虹幇銆傚紑濮嬪嚭鐜扮兢鐥囩妍鏄寧钄撹鐜伴粍鍖栵紝鍙剁墖杞急錛岄

4、殢鐫？鍦熷Y婀垮害鐨勯檷浣庯紝榛勫寲鐜拌薄浼?xì)鏇翠负绐佸嚭锛屽彈鍒版劅鏌撶殑骀牸?xì)澶卞幓鑷劧鐨勤揣寮犲害鍛屽厜娉斤紝鍑虹幇鏋濆彾涓嬪瀭鏋悗銆佽惤鍙跺拰鐢熼暱涓嶈壇銆傚悓鏃惰繕?shù)細(xì)桢療鍒板?灊鍋滄鐢熼暱銆傚湪澶懺榪欝簺鐥囩妍浼?xì)鐗?鍒 弗閲嶏紝浣嗗湪闅懺悗鐨勯洦瀛d細(xì)琛丨幇鐥囩妍鍑忕紦鎴栧畬鍏兒秷澶 憋紝鐪嬭搗鏉二拰姝e父妞嶆牚鏃犲紆錛岃繖甯鎬細(xì)浣夸漢浜x敓榪欑鐥囩妍鏄 敱浜庡湡澹按鍒嗚儊榪垨钀二吁涓嶈壇浜x敓鐨勫亣璞。？傝繖縐嶇棁鐘跺湪緇y悗鐨勫勾浠戒腑浼?xì)屙龐茋虹帋图岃€屼笖鍙戝睍鏇村揩錛屾 洿涓嚴(yán)噸錛屽彂鐢熸灊鏉C鏋垨鍙剁墖鐑y皷鐜拌薄錛屾帴鐫？渚挎槸涓嚴(yán)噸鐨勯粍鍖栧拰钀藉彾錛屽鏋濅細(xì)鍦以?shī)傚?/p>

5、勬柇瑁傝？屽潬鍦般？傝櫧鐒跺湡澹箍搴鍔狗湁鍔+簬鎰熺梾妞嶆牚鎭鍋二悍錛屼緘濡傛灉鎰熸煋榪炵畫(huà)23騫村氨浼?xì)?鑷磋寧钄撴 浜。？傚茍闈炴墍鏈夌兢鎮(zhèn)g梾鑼庤 敁閮戒細(xì)琛丨幇涓婅堪鍏口儴鐥囩妍錛屼緘鑼庤敁緙撴參琛板急鎴栬悗钄茍鏈?緇蝸鑷磋寧钄撶兢姝諱骸鍗存槸鐩稿悓鐨勩？/P浜屻？佺梾鍘?/P鑳C鎱敨鐥呼兢鐥呭師涓鴻泙媧炵嚎铏紙Radopholus similes 錛夈?佹牴緇撶嚎铏紙Meloidog yne in cog nita錛夂拰杈f 鐤湁錛?IPhytophthora capsici錛夈?傜嚎铏槸璇m梾鐨勪富瑕佽鍥狂紝浣嗗湡澹瘎鐢熺兢鍏跺畠鐥呭師涔熶細(xì)鍔犻噸璇m梾鐨勤棁鐘跺彂鐢熴？傜敱綰胯櫕

6、鎴栫湡鑿岃荊妞掔柅闇夋垨鑰呬袱鑰呼粨錫堥？狗垚鏍圭兢鎹熶激閮戒細(xì)瀵艱嚧鑳C鎱敨鐥呼兢鍙戠敓銆?/P涓夈？佺梾瀹崇兢鍙戠敓涓庢祦琛?/P涓庤儭妞掓湁鍏崇兢綰胯櫕鏈？0涓睘50涓 錛屽叾涓牴緇撶嚎铏 紙Meloidogyne spp.錛夂拰铔？媧炵嚎铏紙Radopholus similis 錛夂弬涓疼簡(jiǎn)鑳C鎱敨鐥呼兢鍙戠敓銆傝儭妞掗仔鍒扮嚎铏鏡鏌撴椂錛屽湴闈互涓婇儴鍒嗙兢鐥囩妍鏋佹槗涓庤愉鍏諱笉鑹瓑闈炵敓鐗+洜绱犲鑷寸兢鐢熼暱寮傚父娣鋒穡錛屽彟澶栵紝綰胯櫕鐢熸椿鍦厶湴涓嬮殣钄界幆澧冿紝 鑲夌溂瑙夂療涓嶅埌錛屽洜鑰岄毦浠嚴(yán)壌瀹氬拰闃叉不銆傞櫎瀵硅儭妞掓鏍牴緋昏繘琛岀牬鍧懺錛岃繕?shù)娇骀牁撲负蹇U嶇粏鑿屽

7、拰鐪熻弼鏀誨 嚮錛屼粠鑰屼駭鐢熷錫堢梾瀹熾？傝繛浣滃鏄撳鑷寸嚎铏梾瀹沖姞閲嶃?備緷璧栦簬涓嶅悓鐨勤妞嶄綋緋伙紝鏍硅厫鐥呬細(xì)鍥犵嚎铏拰杈f鐤 湁鐨勤粨錫堣？屽姞鍓B紝渚嬪褰撹儭妞掍笌妞板瓙鏍?wèi)悖縼骀鏍?wèi)銆侀钑夌瓑娣蜂綔鎴栭棿浣滄椂錛岀敱浜庤繖浜涗綔鐗+篃鏄嚎铏兢瀵勪富錛屾墍浠卡笂榪頒綔鐗+彈鍒扮嚎铏鏡鏌撳悗涔熶細(xì)瀵艱嚧鑳C鐨勬牴鑵愮梾12銆？/P鍦兒墍鏈変笌鑳C鏈夂叧鐨勤嚎铏腑錛屾牴緇撶嚎铏紙Meloidog yne in cog nita錛夂湪鎵？鏈夎儭妞掔敓浜y浗鐨勮儭妞掑洯涓垎甯冩渶騫褲？傛牴緇撶嚎铏笌瀵勪富妞嶇墿瀛樺湪楂樺害澶嶆潅鐨勫叧緋伙紝灞炰簬浠二牴閮丨淮綆$粍緇囦負(fù)椋熺兢鍥哄畾鐨勫

8、唴瀵勤敓铏紙sede ntary en do-parasites錛夈？傛牴緇撶嚎铏嚑涔庡彲浠卡鏡鏌撳悇縐嶇被鍨嬬兢鏍癸紝鍒濈敓鏍瑰彈鍒版牴緇撶嚎铏兢澶氭渚墊煋錫庯紝瀵艱嚧鏍圭粍緇囧鐢熷拰鑲二元錛屼細(xì)浣垮叏閮口暱搴&兢鏍瑰彉鎴愪竴涓啝鐦跨槫錛屽吀鍨嬬兢鍐犵樋鐦垨緇撳瓨鍦尢簬綰/淮鏍逛笂銆傚曉甯&槫鐨勬 牴綰靛墫錫疼細(xì)鍙戠幇鏈夎澶氭垚铏泴浣撳拰鍗電兢銆傚辜铏粠鍗典腑瀛靛寲鍑烘澈錫庡張浼?xì)溏R鏌撴牴錛屽茍鍦丨淮綆$粍緇囦笂寤虹珛鎽勯浣嶇疆錛岃繘涓？姝二彂鑲插艦鎴愭垚铏？備駭鐢熷啝鐦跨槫鐨勬牴浼?xì)鍚稿集B澶氱湡鑿屽拰緇嗚弼鐨勪鏡鏌擄紝騫跺鑷存牴鐨勮厫鐑傚拰瑙d綋銆傚湪鑻楀渻錛屽彈渚墊煋鐨勬牴鎖掓潯琛丨幇鍙

9、戣偛涓嶈壇錛屽彾鐗囧彉榛勫拰 鑴夐棿瑜豢錛屾？繪牴緹噺灝懺茍鍙墿涓嬩竴浜涘甫鐦/兢鏍廣？傚湪鑳C鍥紝鍙椾鏡鏌撶兢鑼庤敁鐢熼暱涓嶈壇錛屽彾鐗囧彉榛勶紝鐢熸椿鍔涘拰浜q噺涓嬮檷銆傚彈鍒頒弗閲嶄鏡鏌撹寧钄撶兢鍙剁墖鑴夐棿鍖哄煙鍙橀 粍鑰屽彾鑴夂憟娣辯豢鑹層？傛牴緇撶嚎铏兢渚墊煋鍙 嬌鎵?鏈夌敓闀挎寚鏁板拰浜q噺涓嬮檷3746%百傛牴緇撶嚎铏富瑕佹槸閫氳繃鍙椾鏡鏌撶兢 妞嶇墿鏉愭枡浼狗挱鐨勩？傝儭妞掍負(fù)澶氬勾鐢熶綔鐗+紝鍙錛岃儭妞掑 洯鐨勫叾瀹冮棿浣滀綔鐗+拰鏉傝崏涔熸槸鏍圭粨綰胯櫕鐨勮壇濂藉瘎涓伙紝 榪欏浜庢牴緇撶嚎铏兢鐢熷瓨鍛岀箒孌栨瀬涓烘湁鍒+?/P铔?媧炵嚎铏紙Radopholus simil

10、es 錛夋槸鏈？閲嶈鍛屾渶鍏風(fēng)牬鍧忔? x兢瀹寵櫕錛岄亶甯幕儹甯拰鎮(zhèn)栨俯甯湴鍖恒？傝泙媧炵嚎铏負(fù)縐誨姩鐨勫唴瀵勤敓铏紙migratory endo-parasites錛夛紝瀵硅儭妞掔毊灞備駭鐢熻寢鍥村箍娉涚兢鐮村潖銆傝泙媧炵嚎铏櫕浣撳皬錛岄櫎鎴愯櫕闆勪綋澶栵紝鎵？鏈夎繍鍔口樁孌甸兘鍏鋒湁渚墊煋鎬b紝騫跺彲渚墊煋鍦伴潰浠卡 笅鐨勬墍鏈夋鐗+綋閮厶垎錛屼緘鏈？鏄撲鏡鏌撴牴灝栥？傝泙媧炵嚎铏 兢渚墊煋鑼冨洿浠呴檺浜庣毊灞傜粍緇困紝渚墊煋錫疼細(xì)鍦厶叆鍙e鐣欝笅涓？涓壒寰佹？ x兢鎮(zhèn)楅粦鑹茬兢鍧忔鎹熶激鍛屾礊絀達(dá)紝榪欝釜鎹熶激閮尢綅浼?xì)闅忕潱胯?媧炵嚎铏兢鍦丨毊灞傜粍緇囦腑鐨勤粏鑳?yōu)闂村憣缁嗚冣鶈呮憚殄?/p>

11、婅繍鍔以？屽彉澶C ?傝繖浜涙崯浼拰媧炵浼?xì)鍚稿紩鍏跺畠寰敓鐗╃殑溏R鏌擄紝浠庤？屽鑷存牴鑵愮梾銆備弗閲嶆椂鎵？鏈夌敓媧繪牴鑴辯妞嶆牚鑰屽艦鎴愪竴鐑傛牴鍥-?傝泙媧炵嚎铏鏍圭兢鐮村潖浣挎鏍毦浠卡粠鍦熷Y涓惛鍙栬愉鍏誨拰姘村垎錛屼粠鑰屽 鑷村彾 鐗囧彂榛勩？佽惤鍙躲？佽悗钄？佺敓闀胯縛緙撳拰浜q噺涓嬮檷銆傝嫍鍦幕敓鏍規(guī)彃鏉彈鍒頒鏡鏌撴椂浼?xì)鋴涉i掓潯鐢熼暱涓嶈壇錛屽彾鐗囧畬鍏厶 彉鎴愭貳榛勮壊銆傝繖縐嶆彃鏉笉鑳藉湪瀹氭涓 垚媧匯？傝泙媧炵嚎铏鏡鏌撲嬌澶x敯鑻椾駭鐢熷吀鍨嬬兢鎱敨鐥呼棁鐘訛紝騫朵嬌鏍 珮銆佸 垵鐢熸牴鏁般？佸共鐗+川閲懺拰浜q噺鏋佸元鍦頒笅闄嶃 ？傚彈渚墊煋鐨勤 妞嶆潗鏂欐槸铔？媧炵

12、嚎铏兢涓昏浼狗挱婧愩？ ？/P杈f 鐤 湁錛？lPhytophthora capsici錛夋槸涓？縐嶅湡澹壬範(fàn)灞呼湡鑿岋紝涔熸槸瀵艱嚧鑳C鐦熺梾鎴栨牴鑵愮梾錛坮oot rot錛塠涔熺0閫熸灟鐥咃紙quick wilt錛夋垨閫熸鐥?sudden death)鐨勮嚧鐥呼梾鍘熴？傚湪鍗板害錛岄殢鐫？瑗垮崡瀛1鍛岄洦瀛g兢鏉復(fù)錛屽湡澹按鍒嗗紑濮嬪 鍔狂紝杈f鐤 湁渚垮紑濮嬪孌栵紝榪欝笌鑳C澶q噺鍐掓柊鑺藉拰鍐嶇敓錫告敕鏍圭郴錫屾椂鍙戠敓銆傚湪姘村垎鐨勫瓨鍦尢笅錛岃荊妞掔 柅闇変駭鐢熶赴瀵岀兢娓稿姩瀛瓙鍥娩紙鏃狗？ x粨鏋勶級(jí)錛屼粠涓噴鏀懼嚭娓稿姩瀛瓙銆傛父鍔厶瀛愬湪姘翠腑娓稿姩騫跺畾灞呬簬鑳C鏍圭郴涓

13、 ？傚彈渚墊煋鐨勬鏍 鐜頒笉錫岀搴&兢鏍硅厫鐥呫？傚綋錫告敕鏍規(guī)劅鏌撳悗鍗充細(xì)琛丨幇鑳C鎱敨鐥呼棁鐘訛紝濡傚彾鐗囧彉榛勩？佽惤鍙躲？佹爲(wèi)鍐犲彉灝忕瓑錛涜？屾牴鑼庣粨錫堥儴鍙椾鏡鏌撳悗浼?xì)鍦ㄥ?堢煭鐨勬椂闂村唴瀵艱嚧妞嶆牚姝諱骸錛屽嵆鎵？璋撶兢鈥滈？熸灟鐥呪？濇垨鈥滈？熸鐥呪？ ？錛涜荊妞掔柅闇変篃浼?xì)鐩存幎熸煋鍦颁笂閮ㄥ垎?？岃鐜拌儭妞掔槦鐥呼兢鐥囩妍銆傝荊妞掔柅闇夌兢浼狗挱婧愬寘鎷彈鎰熸煋鐨勬鐗+潗鏂欏拰鍦熷Y絳夛紝涔熷彲鍊熷姪浜庨洦姘淬？佹皵嫻併？佹槅铏拰浜轟負(fù)媧誨姩浼狗挱銆？/P鍥涖？侀槻娌?/P棣栧厛錛屽鑳C 鐦熺梾鎴栨牴鑵愮梾鐨勯槻娌繪帾鏂戒篃鏈夂姪浜庢 參钄梾鐨勯槻娌伙紝鍏充簬鑳C

14、鐦熺梾鐨勯槻娌繪帾鏂藉悓鏍烽？傜敤浜庤儭妞掓參鐒夌梾鐨勯槻娌匯？?/P鍏舵 錛屽湪瀛1鍓嶅悗鏂界敤30g/钄撶兢鏉？綰胯櫕鍓傜敳鎷岀7錛圥horate錛夛紝鐢變簬榪欑鑽 墏瀵圭幆澧冩湁姹C煋錛屾墍浠卡笉瀹滃湪鏁翠釜妞掑洯鏂界敤錛岃？屽簲璇嚴(yán)拡瀵規(guī)钄撳懆鍥寸兢鑼庤敁鎴栧垰鍑虹幇鎱敨鐥呼棁鐘剁兢妞嶆牚鏂界敤銆傛柦鐢尢箣鍓嶏紝灝嗚寧钄撳懆鍥寸兢 鍦熺山鍘伙紝浣嗕笉瑕佹崯浼牴緋伙紝鐒跺悗鍧囧寑鏂界敤鐢叉媽紓峰悗鐢 厶湡瑕嗙洊錛屼互闃叉鎸二彂鑰屼笉鑳藉彂鎸二姛鏁堛?傚鏋滄 鏍 彈鍒頒弗閲嶆劅鏌擄紝宸插療鍘葷粡嫻疼環(huán)鍊鹼紝鍒欒鍦口櫎鍘繪煋鐥呰寧钄撳悗閲嶆鏈彈綰胯櫕鍛岀柅闇夋劅鏌撶兢鑳C鑻椼？ ?/P瀵？l

15、Verticillium chlamydosporium銆？lTrichoderma harzia num銆?IPasteuria penetrans銆佸拰 Paecilomyces lilacinus 鐨勤敓鐗+槻娌諱綔鐢丨兢鐮旂鍙兘鏈夂姪浜庤儭妞掓參钄梾鐨勯槻娌匯？ ?/P瀵繪壘鍛岄？夎偛鎶楃嚎铏拰鎶楄荊妞掔柅闇夌兢鑳C鍝佺璧勬簪涔熸槸涓？鏉C槻娌婚？斿緞錛屼緥濡傦紝鐩墠宸查壌瀹氬嚭鈥淧ournami鈥濇槸涓？涓姉鏍圭粨綰胯櫕鐨勫搧縐嶏紝浣嗘湭鍙戠幇鎶楄泙媧炵嚎铏兢鍝佺璧勬簪銆?/P鐢變簬鍦厶元鐢扮幆澧秫笅錛屽 錫勤 鐥呭師澶嶅悎浣撲笉鍙 兘鍦丨 匚闂翠笂鍔犱互闃婚殧錛屾墍浠二簲閲囧彇瀵圭

16、嚎铏拰杈f 鐤湁閮藉叿鏈夐槻娌諱綔鐢丨兢緇煎悎鎺 柦錛屼緥濡傜爺絀跺拰寮？鍙戝 涓夌 鑷寸 梾鐥呭師閮藉叿鏈夐槻娌諱綔鐢丨兢鐢熺墿闃叉不璇曞墏錛屽悓鏃剁粨錫蝸吋瀹圭兢鍛屾湁鏁堢兢鍐滀笟鍖栧闃叉不鎺柦渚挎槸榪欐牱涓？鏉0 ?斿緞銆？/p鍙傝？?jī)鏂囩?/P1 Menon K K. Survey of pollu (Hellow berry disease) and root disease of pepper J. I ndian J. Agric. Sci., 1949, 19: 89-1362 鍙彳憺鐞?鑳C 琛伴？?鐥呼爺絀跺垵鎶?鐑 甫浣滅墿瀛幾姤J錛?997錛?8錛？錛夛細(xì)39-423

17、Sharma R D, Loof P A A. Nematodes in the rhizosphere of pepper ( Piper nigrum ) and clove (Euginia caryophyllata Thumb)J. Revista Theobroma, 1974, 4: 26-324 Ven kitesa n T S. Studies on the burrow ing n ematode Rhadopholus similis (Cobb. 1893) Thorne, 1949, on pepper ( Piper ni grum L.) and its role

18、 in slow wilt disease J. Ph. D. Thesis,1976. 122 pp. Un iversity of Agricultural Scien ces, Ban galore, In dia5 Ven kitesa n T S. The slow wilt disease of pepper in KeralaM. Silver Jubilee Souve nir Pepper Research Statio n, Panni yur, 1978: 49-506 Harper R S. Pepper in Indon esia, cultivati on and

19、major disease J. World Crops, 1974,26: 130-1337 De Ward P M F. Foliar diag no sis, nu triti on and yieldstability of black pepper (Piper nigrum ) in Sarawak M.1969, 71 pp.Communi catio n No. 58, Departme nt of Agricultural Research, Royal.Tropical In stitute, Amsterdam8Sarma Y R, Anan daraj M. Disease of spice crops and theirman ageme nt. In dia n Journal of Areca nu