感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞

1、感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞使役動(dòng)詞，比如 let make have就是3個(gè)比較重要的 have sb to do 沒有這個(gè)用法的 只有have sb doing.聽?wèi){某人做某事 have sb do 讓某人做某事 have sth done 讓某事被完成（就是讓別人做）另外：使役動(dòng)詞 1.使役動(dòng)詞是表示使、令、讓、幫、叫等意義的不完全及物動(dòng)詞,主要有make(使,令), let(讓), help(幫助), have(叫)等。 2.使役動(dòng)詞后接受詞,再接原形不定詞作受詞補(bǔ)語。 he made me laugh. i let him go. i helped him repair the car. pl

2、ease have him come here. 3.使役動(dòng)詞還可以接過去分詞作受詞補(bǔ)語。 i have my hair cut every month. 4.使役動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的受詞補(bǔ)語用不定詞,不用原形不定詞。 (主)he made me laugh. (被)i was made to laugh by him. 使役動(dòng)詞有以下用法： a. have somebody do sth讓某人去做某事 ?i had him arrange for a car. b. have somebody doing sth.讓某人持續(xù)做某事。 ?he had us laughing all through

3、 lunch. 注意：用于否定名時(shí)，表示“允許” i wont have you running around in the house. * 小議“使役動(dòng)詞”的用法 1. have sb do 讓某人干某事 e.g:what would you have me do? have sb/sth doing 讓某人或某事處于某種狀態(tài)，聽任 e.g: i wont have women working in our company. the two cheats had the light burning all night long. have sth done 讓別人干某事，遭受到 e.g:y

4、ou d better have your teeth pulled out. he had his pocket picked. notes: done這個(gè)動(dòng)作不是主語發(fā)出來的。 2.make sb do sth 讓某人干某事 e.g:they made me repeat the story. what makes the grass grow? notes: i was made to repeat the story. make sb/sth done/adj./n e.g. the news made him happy. he couldnt make himself heard

5、above the noise of the traffic. his actions made him universally respected. he made her his wife. 3.get sb to do 使某人干某事 e.g: i cant get anyone to do the work properly. get sth done 讓別人干某事 e.g: i must get my hair cut. can you get the work finished in time? 4.leave sb to do sth 讓某人干某事 e.g: we left him

6、 to paint the gate. ill leave you to settle all the business. leave sb doing 讓繼續(xù)處于某種狀態(tài) e.g: dont leave her waiting outside in the rain. we left him painting the gate. leave sth done/adj./prep.phrase e.g:please excuse me if i have left any of your questions unanswered. his illness has left him weak.

7、i was left with a ray of hope.a) 感官動(dòng)詞(及物)有：see/notice/look_at/watch/notice/observe/listen_to/hear/feel(vt)/taste(vt)/smell(vt)(b)連綴動(dòng)詞(含感官不及物)be/get/become/feel/look/sound/smell/taste/keep/stay/seem/ appear/grow/turn/prove/remain/go/run一、see, hear, feel, watch, look,這五個(gè)動(dòng)詞均可作連系動(dòng)詞，后面接形容詞作表語，說明主語所處的狀態(tài)。其

8、意思分別為看/聽/聞/嘗/摸起來。除look之外，其它幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞的主語往往是物，而不是人。例如：these flowers smell very sweet.這些花聞起來很香。the tomatoes feel very soft.這些西紅柿摸起來很軟。二、這些動(dòng)詞后面也可接介詞like短語，like后面常用名詞。例如：her idea sounds like fun.她的主意聽起來很有趣。三、這五個(gè)感官動(dòng)詞也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,除look(當(dāng)看起來講時(shí))只能作不及物動(dòng)詞外,其余四個(gè)既可作及物動(dòng)詞也可作不及物動(dòng)詞,其主語通常是人。例如:she smelt the meat.她聞了聞那塊肉。i felt

9、 in my pocket for cigarettes.我用手在口袋里摸香煙。四、taste, smell作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),可用于taste / smell + of +名詞結(jié)構(gòu),意為有味道/氣味。例如:the air in the room smells of earth.房間里的空氣有股泥土味。五、它們(sound除外)可以直接作名詞,與have或take構(gòu)成短語。例如:may i have a taste of the mooncakes?我可以嘗一口這月餅嗎？六、其中l(wèi)ook, sound, feel還能構(gòu)成look / sound / feel + as if +從句結(jié)構(gòu)，意為看起來

10、/聽起來/感覺好像。例如：it looks as if our class is going to win.看來好像我們班要獲勝了1.在表示生理感覺的動(dòng)詞后的不定式不帶to。這類詞有：feel 覺得 observe 注意到，看到 overhear聽到watch注視 listen to聽 perceive察覺，感知notice注意 see看見 look at看 hear聽經(jīng)典例子on seeing the young child fell into the lake，eric sprang to his feet，and went on the rescue.還有上述感覺動(dòng)詞與使役動(dòng)詞（如mak

11、e, let，have等）轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)其后的不定式一般需帶to，如：he was seen to comethe boy was made to go to bed early.在動(dòng)詞find與help之后，不定式可帶to亦可不帶to，如:he was surprised to find the sheep (to) break fence at this season他發(fā)現(xiàn)羊在此季節(jié)越出柵欄，感到驚訝。2.超級(jí)深入的介紹（由于太多，挑了個(gè)經(jīng)典的來介紹一下）feel 和 feeling 感覺的正確用法.基本說明feel 是感官動(dòng)詞，后面通常接形容詞來形容感覺，如果需要后接一個(gè)句子，則用 f

12、eel like 或 feel as if/though 帶出。feeling 是它的名詞，當(dāng)在描述你的感覺時(shí)多用復(fù)數(shù)形式加上 s。 錯(cuò)誤發(fā)生及修正a. feel 后面接了不正確的詞性例：i feel terribly about this accident. (x)i feel terrible about this accident. (o)記得 feel 后面要接形容詞，其它類似的感官動(dòng)詞包括smell (聞起來), sound (聽起來), taste (嘗起來) 等，另外等于 be 動(dòng)詞作用的連綴動(dòng)詞 look (看起來), seem (好像是) 后面也是接形容詞。b. 用到 fee

13、l like 但是后面沒有接子句例：you feel like in a jungle when you live in the city. (x)you feel like you are in a jungle when you live in the city. (o)feel like 還有 feel as if/though 后面都是接有主詞有動(dòng)詞的子句。c. feeling 用了單數(shù)表達(dá)感覺例：it is necessary to express your feeling from time to time. (x)it is necessary to express your f

14、eelings from time to time. (o)不時(shí)表達(dá)你的感覺是必要的。feelings 用復(fù)數(shù)形是指你對(duì)某事的看法觀感。例：my own feelings are that you shouldnt be so mean to your sister.例：he used to hide his feelings in front of people.3.其它記法一感feel,二聽hear, listen to, 三讓have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch“注意”“觀察”“聽到”see，還有feel和watch，使用它們要仔細(xì)

15、，后接動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語省略不定式符號(hào)“to”，此點(diǎn)千萬要牢記。4.類似的介紹表示狀態(tài)、感覺、情緒、精神活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞不可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。believe, doubt, see, hear, know, understand, belong, think, consider, feel, look, seem, show, mind, have sound, taste, require, possess, care, like ,hate, love, detest, desire.簡(jiǎn)單記憶：永遠(yuǎn)不要說 im believing or he is seeing a house. 簡(jiǎn)單說這些詞后面

16、不要隨意加-ing.注意：have a party/think about 可以用進(jìn)行時(shí)，因?yàn)檫@里的”have” 意為“舉行”; “think “ 意為“考慮”牛津?qū)嵱糜⒄Z語法 273 位于表示感覺的動(dòng)詞之后a 這類表示感覺的動(dòng)詞主要有see，hear，feel，smell以及l(fā)isten（to），notice和watch。它們可與賓語+ 現(xiàn)在分詞連用：i see him passing my house every daydidnt you hear the clock striking？i felt the car skiddingshe smelt something burning a

17、nd saw smoke risingi watched them rehearsing the playb) 由現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作可以是到目前已結(jié)束的，也可以是仍在進(jìn)行的。i saw him changing the wheel（我看見他換輪子）可以指看見了動(dòng)作的整個(gè)過程，也可指只看見動(dòng)作的一部分。b see，hear，feel以及 listen（to），notice 和 watch后面也可接賓語+ 不帶to的不定式：we saw him leave the housei heard him make arrangements for his journeyc) 這里的不定式含有整個(gè)動(dòng)作結(jié)束

18、了的意思，i saw him changethe wheel意指我看到了動(dòng)作的全過程。c 兩種形式的比較由于現(xiàn)在分詞既可表示動(dòng)作到目前為止已結(jié)束，也可表示仍在進(jìn)行之中，所以它的用法較為普遍。但意欲強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動(dòng)作到目前為止已經(jīng)結(jié)束時(shí)，要用不帶to的不定式。此外，表達(dá)一連串的動(dòng)作時(shí)它比分詞形式在形式上要簡(jiǎn)練些：i saw him enter the room，unlock a drawer，take out a document，photo-graph it and put it back我看見他進(jìn)了屋，打開抽屜，拿出文件，拍完照又放了回去。d 在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，句子的動(dòng)詞之后要用帶to的不定式：he

19、was heard to say that the minister had been bribed人家聽見他說部長(zhǎng)受賄了。感觀動(dòng)詞都是系動(dòng)詞,后面通常是加名詞,俗稱系表結(jié)構(gòu)感官動(dòng)詞有(see,watch,observe,look at, hear, listen to ,notice);感官動(dòng)詞有一個(gè)重要用法：感官動(dòng)詞+賓語+do，在用作被動(dòng)語態(tài)要補(bǔ)出to.例如:i heard her sing an english song just now.she was heard to sing an english song just now.另外，使役動(dòng)詞包括(have,let,make)也有這

20、種用法。如：i saw him go upstairs just now.he was seen to go upstairs just now 感官動(dòng)詞一感feel,二聽hear,listen to,三看see,notice,observe等一般后面可以加動(dòng)詞原形或者動(dòng)詞ing形式，如see sb do sth 和see sb doing sth后者強(qiáng)調(diào)看見某人正在做某事。而使役動(dòng)詞let,make,have,get，基本形式let/make/have sb do sth,而get sb to do sth。這幾個(gè)使役動(dòng)詞要注意的是在他們的被動(dòng)態(tài)中，除了let，其他的to都要還原，也就是比如

21、說make sb do sth-sb be made to do。而let。i let him go.-he is let go.使役動(dòng)詞的用法所謂使役，就是叫人家去做事情，如：不同的時(shí)態(tài)，動(dòng)詞仍是用原形。1. 老師叫 john 到辦公室拿他的書2. 爸爸叫我明天下午要洗車子3. 王先生昨天讓他們坐在那邊。the teacher made john get his book in the office. father makes me wash the car tomorrow afternoon. mr. wang let them sit there yesterday.（let 的過去式

22、）professor villa had her students read four short novels in one weekhe made me laugh. 他使我笑了。i let him go. 我讓他走了。i helped him repair the car. 我?guī)退奁?。please have him come here. 請(qǐng)叫他到這來。要加 to 的i decide to set them free.i told her to wait a moment. the teacher wanted john to get his book in the office. f

23、ather wants me to wash the car tomorrow afternoon. mr. wang asked them to sit there yesterday. i need jack to answer the question.背下底下的片語：need to .learn to .want (人) to .ask 人 to .tell 人 to .decide to .1. the dish smells delicious.2. what does the cake look like?3. the news made her angry.4. i saw t

24、hem playing basketball in the gym yesterday.5. i feel like taking a hot-spring bath.i make tom fix the computeryour words made me happy.ving 動(dòng)名詞he forgot to close the window. (忘記關(guān)窗戶) he forgot closing the window. (忘記自己有關(guān)窗戶) please remember to write a letter. (記得去寫一封信) i remember writing a letter. (記

25、得自己寫了一封信) he stops smoking. (停止吸煙) he stops to smoke. (停下來去吸煙)getting up early every day is really not easy. listening to english songs is fun. taking a hot bath is great.ving當(dāng)受詞good learners enjoy learning english. he didnt finish speaking yesterday. you have to keep reading english stories. they p

26、ractice playing tennis every day.有些動(dòng)詞後則可接不定詞和動(dòng)名詞he started learning to surf the internet last week.he started to learn to surf the internet last week. i love drinking some tea after dinner.i love to drink some tea after dinner. the boy tried to make a chair.the boy tried making a chair.當(dāng)作介詞的受詞be afr

27、aid of, think of, worry about, talk about, be careful about, be good ati worried about speaking english. she is afraid of making new friends. helen is good at cooking. tina thinks of roller-blading with her brother. 感官動(dòng)詞句型s感官動(dòng)詞受詞原形動(dòng)詞 表事實(shí)-主動(dòng) i saw him drink a cokewe watched the children play basketba

28、ll. s感官動(dòng)詞受詞動(dòng)名詞ving 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行 i saw her drinking a cup of coffeethey saw the boy playing the piano辨析i saw him leave the house. i saw him leaving the house. l雖然兩句話的中文都可以是我看見他離 l開這間房子，但是有意義上的差。 l第一句是我目睹了他離開房子的整個(gè)過程，動(dòng)作從頭到尾我都看見了l第二句是正在離開房子時(shí)，我看到了，是 動(dòng)作進(jìn)行中所見的。s感官動(dòng)詞受詞過去分詞 表示被動(dòng) i saw tom sent to hospital. 我看見to

29、m被送進(jìn)了醫(yī)院john saw the man knocked down by the car. 約翰看見這名男子被車撞倒s感官動(dòng)詞形容詞the song sounds wonderfulmary looked angry todays感官動(dòng)詞like 名詞kevin looks like a clownsnake meat tastes like chicken使役動(dòng)詞have的用法：有這樣一個(gè)句子：he had his favorite alsatian dog poisoned and two other dogs in the household shot他命令把他心愛的阿爾薩斯狼犬毒

30、死，將家中的另兩條狗擊斃。此句中的結(jié)構(gòu)“have 名詞done”中的have是使役動(dòng)詞（causative verb）。表示“讓某人來完成某動(dòng)作”。表示使役意義的have，主要用于以下三種結(jié)構(gòu)中：1have 賓語過去分詞這種結(jié)構(gòu)一般有兩種意義，一為“致使”，二為被動(dòng)。前者表示主語的意志致使某事發(fā)生或被做到，后者則與主觀意志完全無關(guān)。1）表示主觀的意志i must have this table photocopied我必須（找人）把這個(gè)表格復(fù)印出來。those plants are not suitable for that part of the gardeni should have th

31、em pulled up那些植物在園子里的那個(gè)地方不太合適。我要（叫人）把它們拔掉。表示主觀意志的have也可以用get代替，例如：where can i get（have）this printed？我在哪里能（找人）把這份東西打印出來呢？hell get（have）his teeth knocked down one of these days他遲早有一天會(huì)挨揍的。2）與主觀意志完全無關(guān)he has his leg broken in a fall他的腿摔斷了。i had my pocket picked on the subway我在地鐵里，口袋被人掏了。2have 賓語不定式（不帶to）

32、這種結(jié)構(gòu)一般表示“讓某人做某事”。例如：i have my children clean the house before you arrive在你們來之前，我讓孩子們把屋子打掃干凈了。our manager wont have us criticize his work我們經(jīng)理不許我們批評(píng)他的工作。i should like to have you meet mrdavis我想讓你和戴維斯先生認(rèn)識(shí)一下。這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中have有時(shí)也可以用get代替，但這時(shí)后面的動(dòng)詞不定式需帶to，例如：i got him to write a letter to my employer我要他寫一封信給我的雇主。g

33、et him to come early叫他早點(diǎn)來。3have 賓語現(xiàn)在分詞這種結(jié)構(gòu)有兩種意思，一是使某人做某事，二是與否定詞連用，表示不許某人做某事。1）have 賓語現(xiàn)在分詞（叫某人做某事）we finally managed to have her talking about herself我們終于使她開始談自己的事。well soon have your car going again我們很快就會(huì)讓你的汽車重新開動(dòng)起來。2）not have 賓語現(xiàn)在分詞（不許某人做某事）i wont have you smoking in the sitting roomi cant have my

34、son doing such a thing感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞鞏固練習(xí)題1、i have heard both teachers and students _well of him.a to speak b spoken c to have spoken d speak 2、they are going to have the serviceman_ an electric fan.a install b to install c to be installed d installed3、theyll have you _if you dont pay your taxes.a to be a

35、rrested b arrest c arrested d being arrested4、they know her very well. they had seen her _upa grow b grew c was growing d to grow 5、is this fridge_you wish to have _?a the one, it repaired b that, repaired it c the one, repaired d which, repaired 6、when visiting a foreign country, i sometimes found

36、it difficult _.a making understand me b to make myself understood c to make myself understand 7、-good morning, can i help you? -id like to have this package _madam.a be weighed b to be weighed c to weigh d weighed 8、the speaker raised his voice but still could not make himself _.a hear b having hear

37、d c hearing d heard 9、jane was made to _the truck for a week as a punishment.a to wash b washing c to be washing d wash 10、the missing boys were last seen _near the river.a playing b to be playing c play d playing 11、the police were told that some boys were seen _on the street.a playing b to be play

38、ing c play d playing 12、paul doesnt have to be made _.he always works hard.a to learn b learn c learned d learning 13、ellen was absent this morning, she had her teeth _.a filling b filled c to fill d fill 14、the manager discussed the plan that they would like to see _the next door.a carry out b carrying out c carried out d to carry out 1