2016年新課標(biāo)高考英語語法填空解題指導(dǎo)及備考策略

1、2016年新課標(biāo)高考英語語法填空解題指導(dǎo)及備考策略2016年使用課標(biāo)全國卷I的省份：河北、河南、山西、山東、江西、安徽、福建、湖北、湖南，語法填空是課標(biāo)全國卷I的一個(gè)題目。在2016年新課標(biāo)高考英語語法填空類題目中的考綱的要求如下：在一篇200詞左右的語言材料中留出10個(gè)空白，部分空白的后面給出單詞的基本形式要求考生根據(jù)上下文填寫空白處所需的內(nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或所提供單詞的正確形式。備考思路語法填空題設(shè)空設(shè)空大致有如下特點(diǎn)：無提示詞一般考查：冠詞、介詞、連詞、代詞、助動(dòng)詞、固定搭配等有提示詞一般考查：謂語動(dòng)詞、非謂語動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、名詞等。 具體策略：(一)、給出動(dòng)詞基本形態(tài)，填寫詞性詞形轉(zhuǎn)

2、化(轉(zhuǎn)為名詞、形容詞)，或填寫謂語部分，或是填寫非謂語動(dòng)詞；(二)、給出詞語，詞性的變化，如名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化，名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，給出形容詞，需要填寫比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)，或詞性詞形轉(zhuǎn)化，轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞，或是填寫反義詞(前綴)；(三)、給出副詞，填寫比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)，或是填寫反義詞；(四)、不給詞語填寫限定詞的時(shí)候，很可能是填冠詞、人稱代詞主格賓格形式，物主代詞、反身代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。形容詞性物主代詞或some、any、other、another等限定詞；有的名詞前有限定詞，比如：序數(shù)詞，形容詞的最高級(jí)等，其前用定冠詞。高考英語語法填空不給提示詞范例：例：【2015課標(biāo)II】The adob

3、e dwellings built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even _ most modern of architects and engineers.答案與分析：the。這里名詞由形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾，因此用定冠詞。例：【2015廣東】He owned _ farm, which looked almost abandoned.答案與分析：a。名詞farm前應(yīng)該有冠詞，因?yàn)樵谖恼轮械谝淮纬霈F(xiàn)，所以用不定冠詞。例：【2010廣東】After the student left, the teac

4、her let _ student taste the water.答案與分析：another。上文談到一個(gè)學(xué)生讓老師品嘗他從沙漠里帶了來的泉水，當(dāng)那個(gè)學(xué)生離開后，老師讓另一個(gè)學(xué)生品嘗這泉水的味道。根據(jù)語境這里填寫限定詞another。例：【2014廣東】Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said _ was a wonderful holiday destination.答案與分析：it。第二個(gè)句子中的賓語從句缺主語，這里

5、it代替前文提到過的Miami。例：【2015課標(biāo)I】For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hour away _ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.答案與分析：by。這里的car不作主語、表語或動(dòng)詞的賓語，可以看出其前面應(yīng)該填寫介詞，這里的介詞短語作狀語。例：【2014課標(biāo)II】There were many people waiting at the bus stop, _ some of them looked very anxious and disappointe

6、d.答案與分析：and?！癟here were many people waiting at the bus stop”是個(gè)完整的句子，“some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.”也是個(gè)完整的句子，兩句之間是并列關(guān)系。例：【2012廣東】_he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he waswrong.答案與分析：Although/Though。這里有兩個(gè)句子，“_ he thought he could escape attention by sitt

7、ing at the back”和“he was wrong.”，且兩個(gè)句子之間沒有分號(hào)或句號(hào)，根據(jù)句意可知，第一個(gè)句子是讓步狀語從句。例：【2015課標(biāo)II】As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.答案與分析：how。因?yàn)椤?the Pueblo Indians figured out”和“.the adobe walls needed to be.”是兩套主謂關(guān)系

8、，即兩個(gè)句子，它們之間沒有句號(hào)或分號(hào)，空格處必定是填連詞；根據(jù)句意，確定填寫連詞how。例：【2014廣東】I didnt understand _ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.答案與分析：why。“I didnt understand”和“this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.”是兩套主謂關(guān)系，即兩個(gè)句子，它們之間沒有句號(hào)或分號(hào)，空格

9、處必定是填連詞；根據(jù)句意，確定填寫連詞why。例：【2015課標(biāo)I】Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.答案與分析：that/which。這里有兩套主謂關(guān)系，“Id skipped nearby Guilin.”和“are pictured.”，兩句之間沒有句號(hào)或分號(hào)，空格處必定是填

10、連詞或關(guān)系詞；根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，第二個(gè)句子少主語，先行詞是Guilin，根據(jù)定語從句中關(guān)系詞的使用規(guī)則，這里填寫that/which。例：【2013廣東】His son looked surprised, “I can understand why I shouldnt pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less, not save a bit of money?”答案與分析：why。上文談到父親讓兒子去買鹽，告訴兒子付錢的時(shí)候不可以多付。也不可以少付。兒子不解地問：“如果我能少付錢的話，為什么我不省點(diǎn)錢呢？”例：【2014課標(biāo)II】Then the d

11、river stood up and asked, “ _anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop? ”答案與分析：Did。根據(jù)本句中l(wèi)ast stop可知，句子的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該是過去時(shí)態(tài)，因此一般疑問句的助動(dòng)詞是did?？傊陨现v解了語法填空題的部分微技能，例題都來自于高考真題，具有代表性。無論試題如何變化，萬變不離其宗，只要牢固掌握英語的語法和詞匯知識(shí)，就一定能做好語法填空題中的純空格填空題。無提示詞語練習(xí) 1.In the beginning, there was only _24_ very small amount of unfairness in

12、the world .分析：空格處應(yīng)為冠詞a。2It is said that a shorttempered man in the Song Dynasty (9601279) was very anxious to help _ rice crop grow up quickly.分析：故填形容詞性物主代詞his。The new boy looked at the teacher _23_ a few seconds .分析：a few seconds前是空格， 且a few seconds不作主語或表語，也不作動(dòng)詞的賓語。 表示某個(gè)動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)延續(xù)了多久，用“for 時(shí)間段”。故此題應(yīng)填介

13、詞for。3. who should have the honour of receiving me _ a guest in their house.分析：因?yàn)閍 guest在句中不作主語、表語或動(dòng)詞的賓語，前面一定是填介詞，使其成為該介詞的賓語；又由句意可知，他們“把我當(dāng)作客人”來接待，表示“當(dāng)作”，用介詞as。4.Then he took _25_ off, gave a big smile and said, “Thats cool.”分析：代替前面的those glasses，作took off的賓語，用人稱代詞的賓格them。5.I can send a message to Ke

14、nya whenever I want to, and _ gets there almost in a second.分析：and連接前后兩個(gè)句子，and后面的句子缺主語，應(yīng)填名詞或代詞；結(jié)合前一分句，不難推知，“馬上可到達(dá)那里”的是the message，替代the message用代詞it。6._20_ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong.分析：因?yàn)閔e thought . 與he was wrong是兩個(gè)句子，且兩者之間沒有關(guān)聯(lián)詞，必定是填關(guān)聯(lián)詞；根據(jù)兩句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，應(yīng)填

15、表示假設(shè)的If“如果”。7. Nicks guests, _20_ had heard their conversation, asked why they .分析：who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是前面整個(gè)句子。高考英語語法填空有提示詞范例： 例：【2015課標(biāo)I】Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chin

16、ese _ (painting).答案與分析：paintings。該詞前面有限定詞many，因此用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例：【2014課標(biāo)I】While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the_ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.答案與分析：changes。該詞后面的動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式，因此change用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例：【2015課標(biāo)I】Finally, th

17、at hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _ (clean) than ever.答案與分析：cleaner。根據(jù)后面比較級(jí)的標(biāo)志詞than，這里應(yīng)該使用比較級(jí)。例：【2015課標(biāo)II】In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _ (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.答案與分析：ability。the

18、ir后接名詞。例：【2015課標(biāo)II】As _ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.答案與分析：natural。名詞前用形容詞修飾。例：【2015課標(biāo)II】Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat _ (slow) during cool

19、 nights, thus warming the house.答案與分析：slowly。這里需要副詞修飾動(dòng)詞短語give out。例.【2014課標(biāo)I】Just be _ (patience).答案與分析：patient。這里應(yīng)該是形容詞作表語。例：【2015課標(biāo)II】This cycle _ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures

20、.答案與分析：goes。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語day after day和后面的句子中使用的時(shí)態(tài)，可以確定該動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)形式，主語是單數(shù)，因此動(dòng)詞用數(shù)三人稱單數(shù)形式。例：【2015課標(biāo)I】It was raining lightly when I _ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.答案與分析：arrived。所給動(dòng)詞arrive前是代詞I，這里應(yīng)該是謂語動(dòng)詞，因?yàn)橹骶涞臅r(shí)態(tài)是過去時(shí)態(tài)，因此這里用過去時(shí)態(tài)。例：【2015課標(biāo)II】When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat an

21、d are now cold enough _ (cool) the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.答案與分析：to cool。句子“the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _ (cool) the house during the hot day”中的謂語動(dòng)詞have given up和are并列，所給動(dòng)詞前面沒有其他連詞，cool表示結(jié)果，因此用to cool。例：【2015課標(biāo)I】Aber

22、crombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people _ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.答案與分析：living。live與前面的people不能形成主謂關(guān)系，又因?yàn)閘ive與people的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞living作定語，修飾中心詞people。例：【2015課標(biāo)I】A study of travelers _ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor n

23、ames Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.答案與分析：conducted。因?yàn)檫@個(gè)句子里有謂語動(dòng)詞names，所給動(dòng)詞不是names的并列謂語，它與前面名詞的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用過去分詞作定語。例：【2010廣東】He spit it out, _ (say) it was awful.答案與分析：saying。在這里say前沒有并列連詞，因此可以推斷不是并列謂語，是非謂語動(dòng)詞，又因?yàn)閟ay與主語he的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞。參考練習(xí)一、考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換1. He must be (mental) disab

24、led. 2. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. 3. We drank together and talked (merry) till far into the night. 4. One Sunday morning in August I went to a local musical festival. I left it early because I had an appointment (late) that d

25、ay. 5. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their (nature) course. 6. But Jane knew from past experience that her (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. 7. Mary felt (please), because there were many empty seats in the room. 8. “That would be a very (reason) thing to do in a

26、big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said. 9. “But such a small thing couldnt (possible) destroy a village.” 參考答案1. mentally 2.warmly 3.merrily 4.later 5.natural 6.choice7. pleased 8.reasonable 9.possibly 二、考查非謂語動(dòng)詞1. He spit it out, (say) it was awful. 2. I got on the bus

27、and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man (sit) at the front. 3. He suddenly appeared in class one day, (wear) sun glasses. 4. “In the beginning, there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always (think) that it was only small and not v

28、ery important, and look where we have ended up today.” 5. While she was getting me (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. 6. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a cr

29、op (help) it grow”, is based on the following story. 7. She wished that he was as easy (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume. 參考答案 1-7 saying sitting wearing thinking settled to help to please三、考查謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)及語態(tài) 1. The sun was setting when my car (break) down near a remote and poor

30、 village. 2. Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not a pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet or (push) you with their elbows (肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. 3. He walked in as if he (buy) the school. 4. Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop

31、smoking,” Jane_ (inform). 5. Suddenly, he (find) that he had run out of salt. 參考答案1-5 broken pushed had bought was informed found 四、考查形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)1. The teacher replied, “You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be (swee

32、t).” 2. He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” (high). 3. It might have made it a little (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didnt stop the kids in the class. 參考答案 1-3 sweeter higher harder（2015年新課標(biāo)I卷語法

33、填空真題 ） 閱讀下面材料, 用不多于1個(gè)單詞的正確形式填空。Yangshuo, ChinaIt was raining lightly when I 61._(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didnt care. A few hours 62._, Id been at home in Hong Kong, with 63._(it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream

34、 place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64._ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65._(painting). Instead, I d head straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hour away 66._ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known

35、city.Yangshuo 67._(be) really beautiful. A study of travelers 68._(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, say

36、s it 69._(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 70._(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.2015年新課標(biāo)I卷語法填空答案61. arrived 62. before/earlier 63. its 64. that/which 65. paintings 66. by 67. is 68. conducted 69. regularly 70. living （2015年新課標(biāo) II卷語法填空真題2015全國二卷） 閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 T

37、he adobe dwellings(土坯房）_61_(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even _62_ most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _63_(able) to “air condition” a house without _64_（use）electric e

38、quipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat_65_（slow）during cool nights, thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _66_ (cool) the house during the hot day: _67_ the same time, they war

39、m up again for the night. This cycle _68 _ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures. As _69_ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _70_ thick the adobe walls needed to be t

40、o make the cycle work on most days. 2015年新課標(biāo) II卷語法填空真題語法填空 參考答案61. built 參考解析：過去分詞做定語 62. the 參考解析：最高級(jí)前加the 63. ability 參考解析：their后接名詞，able名詞形式ability. 64. using 參考解析：介詞后接動(dòng)名詞65. slowly 參考解析：副詞修飾動(dòng)詞give out. 66. to cool參考解析：形容詞加enough后接不定式。 67. at 參考解析：at the same time 68. goes 參考解析：根據(jù)上下文，此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。 6

41、9. natural 參考解析：形容詞做定語修飾名詞。 70. how 參考解析：根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)用how連接賓語從句。 2014年最新真題（2014年新課標(biāo)I卷）第二節(jié) 閱讀下列材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（不多于3個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix？In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It 61_ (be) unimaginable that it could

42、 ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it 62_ (actual) caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of 63_ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.But the river wasnt changed in a few days 64 _ even a few months. It took years of work 65 _ (reduce) the industri

43、al pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 66 _ (clean) than ever.Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit 67 _ is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or dont know how to control your credit card

44、 use. When you face such an impossible situation, dont you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?While there are 68_(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the 69_(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be 70

45、 _ (patience).（2014年新課標(biāo)I卷參考答案）61. happened 62. when 63. gone 64. earlier 65. making 66. Anyway/Besides 67. it 68. the 69. must 70. mind/memory（2014年新課標(biāo) II卷語法填空真題）第二節(jié) 閱讀下列材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（不多于3個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about 61 _ (be) late for school. There were

46、 many people waiting at the bus stop, 62_some of them looked very anxious and 63_ (disappoint). When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next 64_the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike 65_(catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving

47、 his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused 66_ (stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept 67_(ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard a

48、n excited conversation. Then the driver stoop up and asked, “ 68_anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear！ It is 69_（I）”. She pushed her way to the driver and to the little boy. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done. And the passengers 70

49、 _（sudden）became friendly to one another. 2014年新課標(biāo) II卷語法填空真題參考答案：was；actually；the；or；to reduce；cleaner；that/ which；amazing；changes；patient.being; and; disappointed; to; caught; to stop; riding; Did; me /mine; suddenly.【例1】對(duì)話體（2014年新課標(biāo)全國卷考試說明樣題）Mum: (putting on her coat) Im going to have to go down to the shop for more bread.Alan: Why?Mum: Im not sure what 1 (happen). I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table 2 I went to answer the phone. But someone